Unit 2 Surgical Suffixes Hematology and Diagnostic Imaging

Surgical Terminology • Surgery – Important medical treatment tool – Procedures include: • •

Surgical Terminology • Surgery – Procedures include: • • • Destruction Ablation Cauterization Introduction

Surgical Suffixes • Origin – Greek – tomos = cut – Examples: • •

Building Words with Surgical Suffixes • Examples: – – derma/tome = instrument to cut

Building Words with Surgical Suffixes • One word root with various procedures • Examples:

Building Words with Surgical Suffixes • Two word roots with various procedures • Examples:

Building Words with Surgical Suffixes Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Diagnostic Imaging • Method of creating visual representations of body structures or functions •

Building Words with Imaging Suffixes • Examples: – electr/o/cardi/o/gram = record of electrical impulses

Tomography • tom/o = combining form for cut • -graphy = process of recording

Tomography Procedures • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) • Computed tomography (CT) scan – Also

MRI Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

CAT Scan Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

PET Scan Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Imaging Combining Forms • son/o = sound • Examples: – son/o/gram = picture made

Imaging Combining Forms • ech/o = sound made by reflected sound waves • Examples:

Imaging Combining Forms • radi/o = radiation or x-rays • Examples: – – radi/o/graph

Word Parts for Colors leuk/o melan/o erythr/o cyan/o white black (dark) red blue chlor/o

Building Words With Color • Examples: – leuk/o/derma = unusually white skin • Also

Structures of the Skin Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Animation Click Here to Play Skin Animation Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL

Building Words With Color • Examples: – – melan/o/cyte = black cell melan/o/blast =

Hematology • hemat/o = blood • Examples: – hemat/o/logy = study of blood –

Blood Conditions • -emia = blood condition • Examples: – an/emia = lack of

Cells • Smallest structural units of all living things • cyt/o = combining form

Cells • Examples: – – – cyt/o/logy = study of cells cyt/o/logist = one

White Blood Cells (WBCs) • leuk/o/cyte = WBC • Examples: – leuk/o/cyt/o/penia = decrease

Red Blood Cells (RBCs) • erythr/o/cyte = RBC • Examples: – – erythr/o/cyt/o/penia =

Blood-Clotting Cells • thromb/o/cyte = blood-clotting cell – Also known as platelet • Examples:

Lymphatic System • Series of lymph vessels, nodes, and organs • Purpose: – Circulate

Lymphatic System • Examples: – lymph/o/cyte = type of WBC produced by lymphatic system

Animation Click Here to Play Lymphatic System Animation Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning.

Tissues • hist/o = tissue • Examples: – – hist/o/blast = immature tissue hist/o/logy

Small Intestine • Duodenum – First part of small intestine beyond stomach • duoden/o

Heart • cardi/o and card/o = combining forms • Examples: – cardi/o/logist = physician

Enlarged • megal/o = combining form for enlarged • -megaly = suffix for enlarged

Enlarged • Examples: – megal/o/gastria = enlarged stomach – gastr/o/megaly = enlarged stomach –

Disease • -pathy = suffix meaning disease • path/o = combining form for disease

Pain • -algia = suffix for pain • Examples: – cardi/algia = heart pain

Synonyms • Some terms can be used with combining forms or suffixes to express

Forming Medical Terms 1. Word root + suffix – Examples: • dermat/itis • cyan/osis

Forming Medical Terms 2. Any number of word roots + suffix – Examples: •

Forming Medical Terms Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Forming Medical Terms 3. Combining form + suffix – Examples: • acr/o/cyan/osis • leuk/o/cyte

Forming Medical Terms 4. Any number of combining forms + word root + suffix

Animation Click Here to Play Combining Word Roots Animation Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage

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Surgical Suffixes • Origin – Greek – tomos = cut – Examples: • • -tome = instrument used to cut slices -tomy = cut into, incise, or incision -ectomy = cut out, remove, excise, or excision -ostomy = cut a new surgical opening Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Building Words with Surgical Suffixes • Examples: – – derma/tome = instrument to cut slices of skin gastr/o/tomy = incision into stomach duoden/ectomy = removal of duodenum col/ostomy = creating opening in colon Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Building Words with Surgical Suffixes • One word root with various procedures • Examples: – gastr/ectomy = removal of all or part of stomach – gastr/o/tomy = incision into stomach – gastr/ostomy = surgical opening in stomach Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Building Words with Surgical Suffixes • One word root with various procedures • Examples: – col/ectomy = removal of all or part of colon – col/o/tomy = incision into colon – col/ostomy = surgical opening in colon Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Building Words with Surgical Suffixes • Two word roots with various procedures • Examples: – gastr/o/duoden/ectomy = removal of all or part of stomach and duodenum – gastr/o/duoden/o/tomy = incision into stomach and duodenum – gastr/o/duoden/ostomy = surgical openings in stomach and duodenum Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Diagnostic Imaging • Method of creating visual representations of body structures or functions • Imaging suffixes include: – -gram = picture or record – -graph = instrument to record image of data – -graphy = process of recording image of data Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Building Words with Imaging Suffixes • Examples: – electr/o/cardi/o/gram = record of electrical impulses given off by heart – electr/o/cardi/o/graph = instrument for recording electrical impulses given off by heart – electr/o/cardi/o/graphy = process of recording electrical impulses given off by heart Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Tomography • tom/o = combining form for cut • -graphy = process of recording image of data • tom/o/graphy = radiographic procedure using x-rays to produce images of slices or planes of the body Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Tomography Procedures • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) • Computed tomography (CT) scan – Also known as CAT scan • Positron emission tomography (PET) scan • Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Imaging Combining Forms • son/o = sound • Examples: – son/o/gram = picture made with ultrasound waves – son/o/graphy = process of making images with ultrasound waves – son/o/grapher = person who performs ultrasonography Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Imaging Combining Forms • ech/o = sound made by reflected sound waves • Examples: – ech/o/cardi/o/gram = record of sound waves reflected through heart – ech/o/cardi/o/graphy = process of making echocardiogram – ech/o/cardi/o/grapher = person who takes image Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Imaging Combining Forms • radi/o = radiation or x-rays • Examples: – – radi/o/graph = picture made using x-rays radi/o/gram = picture made using x-rays radi/o/grapher = person who takes x-rays radi/o/logist = physician specialist who interprets x-rays Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Word Parts for Colors leuk/o melan/o erythr/o cyan/o white black (dark) red blue chlor/o xanth/o green yellow jaundice = reflection of bright yellow in blood Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Building Words With Color • Examples: – leuk/o/derma = unusually white skin • Also known as vitiligo – – melan/o/derma = abnormally dark pigmented skin erythr/o/derma = red skin cyan/o/derma = blue skin xanth/o/derma = yellow skin Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Building Words With Color • Examples: – – melan/o/cyte = black cell melan/o/blast = black embryonic cell acr/o/cyan/osis = condition of blueness of extremities erythr/o/dermat/itis = reddened, inflamed skin condition Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Hematology • hemat/o = blood • Examples: – hemat/o/logy = study of blood – hemat/o/logist = one who studies blood – hemat/o/pathy = disease of blood Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Blood Conditions • -emia = blood condition • Examples: – an/emia = lack of blood – xanth/emia = excess carotene in blood • Yellow – erythr/emia = abnormally red blood – chlor/emia = increased chlorine in blood • Green Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Cells • Examples: – – – cyt/o/logy = study of cells cyt/o/logist = one who studies cells cyt/o/meter = instrument used to count cells cyt/o/metry = process of counting cells cyt/o/techn/o/logist = technician who prepares slides Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

White Blood Cells (WBCs) • leuk/o/cyte = WBC • Examples: – leuk/o/cyt/o/penia = decrease in or lack of WBCs – leuk/emia = condition of WBCs • Blood cancer – leuk/o/cyt/osis = increase in WBCs Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Red Blood Cells (RBCs) • erythr/o/cyte = RBC • Examples: – – erythr/o/cyt/o/penia = decrease in or lack of RBCs erythr/o/blast = immature RBC erythr/o/cyt/osis = high numbers of erythrocytes erythr/emia = abnormally red blood due to too many erythrocytes Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Blood-Clotting Cells • thromb/o/cyte = blood-clotting cell – Also known as platelet • Examples: – thromb/o/cyt/osis = increase in number of thrombocytes – thromb/o/cyt/o/penia = abnormal decrease in number of thrombocytes Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Lymphatic System • Series of lymph vessels, nodes, and organs • Purpose: – Circulate tissue fluids, absorb fats from intestine, and fight infections • lymph/o = combining form Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Lymphatic System • Examples: – lymph/o/cyte = type of WBC produced by lymphatic system – lymph/edema = fluid accumulation and swelling caused by blockages in lymphatic vessels – acute lymph/o/cy/tic leukemia = disease involving lymphocytes Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Tissues • hist/o = tissue • Examples: – – hist/o/blast = immature tissue hist/o/logy = study of tissues hist/o/logist = one who studies tissues hist/o/cyte = tissue cell Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Small Intestine • Duodenum – First part of small intestine beyond stomach • duoden/o = combining form • Examples: – duoden/al = pertaining to duodenum – duoden/itis = inflammation of duodenum – duoden/ostomy = surgical opening in duodenum Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Heart • cardi/o and card/o = combining forms • Examples: – cardi/o/logist = physician specialist in diagnosing and treating heart conditions – card/itis = inflammation of heart – electr/o/cardi/o/gram = record of electrical activity of heart Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Enlarged • megal/o = combining form for enlarged • -megaly = suffix for enlarged • Examples: – cardi/o/megaly = enlarged heart sometimes caused by reduced supply of oxygen – megal/o/cardia = enlargement or overdevelopment of heart Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Enlarged • Examples: – megal/o/gastria = enlarged stomach – gastr/o/megaly = enlarged stomach – megal/o/mania = mental disorder characterized by delusions of grandeur • mania = madness Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Disease • -pathy = suffix meaning disease • path/o = combining form for disease • Examples: – path/o/logy = study of disease – path/o/logist = one who studies disease – eti/o/logy = study of origin of disease Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Synonyms • Some terms can be used with combining forms or suffixes to express same meaning • megal/o = enlarged • -megaly = enlarged • Examples: – megal/o/gastria = enlarged stomach – gastr/o/megaly = enlarged stomach Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.