The Progressive Era Todays LEQ How were social

The Progressive Era Today’s LEQ: How were social reforms brought about during Progressivism?

What Was the Progressive Era? Ø Took place between 1890 – 1920 Ø Problems created during the Industrial Revolution were addressed Ø Progressives believed that political action and reform were required for progress in society

Progressive Goals and Beliefs Ø Progressivism was not a single, unified movement. Efforts fell into four categories: Social Reform Moral Reform Progressivism Economic Reform Political Reform

Social Reform Ø Involved the idea that government should be given expanded powers to help improve the lives of its citizens l For example, progressives sought to remedy poor living conditions and dangerous work environments

The Changing Role of Women Ø Many women joined the labor force l The number of women working outside of the home tripled between 1870 and 1900! New appliances made available through mass production helped many women find more time for social causes and charitable activities outside the home Ø Some even had the chance to attend college Ø l Break for Washing Machine Video Clip

The Fight for Women’s Rights Ø Despite their changing role, women had to fight for rights already guaranteed to men l For example, the right to own property, ask for a divorce, or use birth control Many women did not have the right to vote Ø A few western states had granted voting rights to women, but there was still no women’s suffrage at the national level Ø Women known as suffragists pursued voting rights Ø

Check for Understanding Ø Why do you think some western states were the first to grant voting rights to women?

Creation of the National American Women Suffrage Association Women demanded the right to vote as early as 1848 at the Seneca Falls Convention in New York Ø Leading suffragists joined together to form the NAWSA with Elizabeth Cady Stanton as its first president Ø l Ø “The power to make laws was the right through which all other rights could be secured. ” - Elizabeth Cady Stanton This group helped organize the suffrage movement into a powerful political force at the state and national levels

The First Victories for Women’s Suffrage Ø By 1898, four western states had granted women the right to vote. By 1918, women had voting rights in 15 states Ø As a result, they began to influence elections

The Creation of the National Women’s Party Ø Another prominent suffragist was Alice Paul l She was forced to resign from NAWSA for being too radical in her approach Ø Paul organized the NWP which used strategies such as mass marches and hunger strikes

Women Gain the Right to Vote Ø Although NAWSA and NWP disagreed on tactics, both helped women’s suffrage Ø On August 26, 1920, the 19 th Amendment was passed and allowed women to vote

ØBreak for Women’s Suffrage Article & Questions

Day 2 – Progressivism & Social Reform Ø Today’s LEQ: How were social reforms brought about during Progressivism?

ØRemember these images?

Changing Living Conditions Urban poor were jammed into tenements & lived in unsanitary conditions. • Progressives took on the challenge of making cities cleaner & more livable. • – – NY passed the Tenement House Act of 1901 – required each new tenement to be built with a courtyard & to have a bathroom in each apartment. NY created the Dept. of Street Cleaning – garbage collection & street sweeping.

Improving Working Conditions Ø Progressives had mixed success in helping adult workers. Ø Reforms needed… l l l Fewer Hours Higher Wages Safer Factories Right to Unionize Workers’ Compensation

Ending Child Labor Ø National Child Labor Committee – convinced states to pass child labor laws that prohibited children under 14 from working. Also, limited the number of hours that older children could work.

Medicines at the Turn-of-the. Century… Ø did not require a prescription. Ø made exaggerated claims. Ø were used for a variety of ailments. Ø contained dangerous ingredients.

Cocaine was a common ingredient – even in children's medication.

Protecting Consumers Ø Meat Inspection Act – required the Dept. of Agriculture to inspect meat. Ø Pure Food & Drug Act – created the Food & Drug Administration (FDA), to test & approve drugs before they went on the market.

Environmental Destruction Ø Industry & urban growth had polluted the air, water, and devastated the landscape.

Protecting the Environment Ø Some progressives supported… Ø Preservation – the protection of wilderness lands from all forms of development. l Sierra Club, 1892, founded by John Muir Ø Conservation – the limited use of resources. l “We are prone to think of the resources of this country as inexhaustible. This is not so. ” Teddy Roosevelt

Protecting the Environment (cont. ) Ø US Forest Service – protect forests & other natural areas from excessive development. Ø National Wildlife Refuge System Ø National Park Service l 1 st National Park, Yellowstone, 1872

Day 3 – African Americans Struggle for Equality Today’s LEQ: How were social reforms brought about during Progressivism?

Let’s Review for a Moment! Ø Reconstruction l l l 13 th abolished slavery 14 th gave citizenship to all born in US 15 th gave all men the right to vote Ø Black l Codes Instituted across the South to deny blacks their rights; eventually outlawed. Ø Jim l Amendments Crow Created in response to Black Codes being outlawed.

African Americans in the Early 1900 s Ø 4/5 ths lived in the South Ø Most struggled to make a living as farmers Ø Subjected to strict segregation Ø Disenfranchised via poll taxes, literacy tests, understanding clause, grandfather clause “Poll Taxes, Literacy Tests, & Other Measures” Secondary Reading Ø Roots the Next Generation Video Clip Ø

Think, Pair, Share ØIn what ways were blacks disenfranchised?

Inspired by Progressive Ideals Ø Many African Americans were inspired by progressives and worked to improve their conditions. Ø Two Leaders who Promoted Advancement: l l Booker T. Washington W. E. B. Du. Bois

Booker T. Washington Ø Founded the Tuskegee Institute, a vocational college for African Americans in Alabama. Ø Encouraged blacks to gain respect and status by working their way up in society. Ø P. 228, History Alive Ø Venn Diagram

W. E. B. Du. Bois Ø Founding member of the NAACP. Ø Scholar and Activist Ø P. 229, History Alive Ø Venn Diagram

Think, Pair, Share Ø Which leader’s methods do you agree with most and why?

NAACP Ø National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 1909 Ø Fought through the courts to end segregation. Ø Tried to ensure that African American men could exercise voting rights under the 15 th amendment. Ø Protested lynching and other racial violence.

Lynching ØA mob killing of someone, usually by hanging, for an alleged offense with or without a legal trial.

Lynching Ø 3, 745 l l lynchings between 1889 and 1932 Most in the South Black men were usual the victims • Presumed threat posed to white women l Community participation • Few denunciations from white leaders l Women also lynched, but less common. Ø Lynching Secondary Reading & Questions