THE PROGRESSIVE ERA Progressive Era Scale 4 SWBAT

THE PROGRESSIVE ERA

Progressive Era Scale 4 SWBAT… • Apply the concept of Progressivism to current events • Make inferences concerning the motivations of Progressives 3 SWBAT… • Evaluate the impact and importance of various Progressive Reforms • Categorize Progressive reforms as social, economic, or political • Analyze the role of the Progressive Movement in affecting social and economic change • Analyze the importance of muckrakers in affecting change. 2 SWBAT… • Define important vocab words such as… • Progressivism • Muckrakers • Square Deal • Identify the issues taken up by Muckrakers and Progressives • Explain the role of Progressivism in government 1 With help, student can accomplish some of 2. 0 and 3. 0 0 Even with help, student is unable to do any of 2. 0 and 3. 0

VOCAB ACTIVITY Beginning pg 292 Progressivism Social gospel movement Temperance movement Consumerism Muckrakers Settlement house Initiative Referendum Recall Direct primary Square Deal Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug Act Federal Reserve Act Federal Trade Commission

REMINDER VOCAB QUIZ NEXT CLASS VOCAB SHEET DUE

LEARNING OBJECTIVES Students will be able to… § Define important vocab words relating to the Progressive Era § List the causes of the Progressive Era § Evaluate the meaning and accomplishments of significant Progressives

PROGRESSIVE ERA 1890 -1914 Goal – ending the political and economic injustices that had happened as a result of the fast industrialization § Wanted to use government to correct the abuses of business Belief in human PROGRESS Wanted to change government itself, which had been corrupted by Big Business and political bosses Departed from laissez-faire capitalism Emphasis on science

Roots of Progressivism graphic organizer

ROOTS OF PROGRESSIVISM 1. Reform – the belief that society can be improved 2. Legacy of Populism 3. Support of women and workers

ROOTS OF PROGRESSIVISM 4. Influence of middle class § wanted more opportunity for advancement § felt they were being oppressed by Big Business 5. Problems of industrial society § Brutal working conditions § Child labor § Political corruption § Urban overcrowding § Exploitation of the environment § Extreme inequalities of wealth § Sale of misleading/defective/dangerous products

ROOTS OF PROGRESSIVISM 6. New forms of journalism § More newspapers and magazines reached more people in cities § Human interest stories appealed to people § Investigative reporting to expose shocking problems and abuses 7. Rising consumer consciousness § People realized goods should be safe to use and that products shouldn’t be misrepresented § Wanted government regulation

ROOTS OF PROGRESSIVISM 8. Social Gospel Movement § Led by Protestant middle class § Encouraged by moral obligation to improve people’s lives § Ex. Salvation Army § Temperance – ban on alcoholic drinks

MUCKRAKERS First influential Progressives – journalists, writers and social scientists who exposed corruption of industrial society § Became known as muckrakers – they raked through the muck of American life Examined business practices affecting consumers Examined the lives of the very poor Wrote in graphic style to get a strong reaction Exposed many evils – made public aware and upset

MUCKRAKERS Writer Book What It Did Jacob Riis How the Other Half Lives Examined the conditions of the urban poor Ida Tarbell History of the Standard Oil Company Revealed how Rockefeller’s success was largely based on ruthless business practices Upton Sinclair The Jungle A novel about poverty-stricken immigrants in Chicago. Includes a description of the harmful practices in the meatpacking industry, such as putting dead rats and rat poison in sausage meat

Shared reading, The Jungle – pg 300 textbook

A GROWLER GANG IN SESSION (ROBBING A LUSH), 1887

STREET ARABS IN SLEEPING QUARTERS, C. 1880 S

ON YOUR WHITE BOARDS… Do you think these pictures are accurate representations of urban life at this time? Why or why not?

Jacob Riis Activity

SOCIAL REFORM: SETTLEMENT HOUSES Usually in slum neighborhoods Provided services to immigrants and urban poor (classes, English lessons, childcare…) Some had dining rooms, auditoriums, classrooms Mostly run by middle-class, educated women § Also campaigned in the community for better public services Jane Addams ran Hull House

MUNICIPAL REFORM Municipal – town or city level government § Many were controlled by political machines before muckrakers Progressive reformers took over Introduced new forms of city government § Use of city commission – city governed by a panel of experts, each the head of department providing a service to the city § Use of city manager – elected board appoints a manager to run the city who has to answer to them Wanted to make city government more democratic and less corrupt

STATE GOVERNMENT REFORMS Leading Progressive governor – Robert La Follette, governor of Wisconsin, 1900 -1906 § Broke power of political bosses and influence of railroads § Began taxing railroads § Set up a special commission to regulate railroad rates § Started conservation programs on forests and waters Progressive states like Wisconsin acted as a test

POLITICAL REFORMS Meant to get rid of corruption and make government more about the people Secret ballot – voters marked ballot in private – less pressure and intimidation Initiative – voters could introduce bills into state government Referendum – voters could vote to repeal a law already passed Recall – voters could get rid of elected officials Direct primary – party members voted for which candidate they wanted to run for president

POLITICAL REFORMS 17 t h amendment – 1913, voters directly elect senators Women’s suffrage § Suffrage – right to vote

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC REFORM Laws regulating… § § § § Regulating conditions in urban housing Against employment of children Safety and health conditions in factories Limiting the number of hours women could work Forcing employers to give compensation to workers injured on the job Regulating railroads and public utilities Conserving natural resources and wildlife preserves Prohibiting the sale of alcohol (temperance movement)

Example – Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire, 1911 https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=rf 9 GVbzf 7 Q 4 (2: 38) One of many things that encouraged people and government to change things

WOMEN’S RIGHTS At this time, women could not vote Few had an education Could not enter most career fields Considered less smart than men But…during the Progressive era, female reformers began to stand up for their rights

SUSAN B. ANTHONY Supported the temperance movement and abolition Published The Revolution, a weekly journal on women’s rights Co-founded National Woman Suffrage Association Fought her whole life for suffrage

ALICE PAUL More militant advocate for women’s rights Went on strike and had picket lines Organized a march in DC Went on a hunger strike and had to be force-fed Tactics helped persuade President Wilson to give women the right to vote

LEARNING OBJECTIVES Students will be able to… § Evaluate the impact of significant Progressives on the US How does this graphic organizer help you to accomplish this?

Progressivism Scale 4 I can make connections to modern-day reform movements. 3 I can analyze the impact of reforms and how they affected the United States. 2 I can name the reforms made by significant Progressives. 1 With some help, I can do some of 2. 0 and 3. 0 0 Even with help, I can do none of 2. 0 and 3. 0

Significant People Graphic Organizer

PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTS 1901 -1919 Theodore Roosevelt, 1901 -1909 William Howard Taft, 1909 -1913 Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1919

THEODORE ROOSEVELT https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=v_5 y. Ni. TEf. Vw – short story biography

THEODORE ROOSEVELT Up to this point, the president had mostly left public affairs to Congress Roosevelt changed this – saw president as the representative of all American people Very popular with the people Promised Americans a “Square Deal” – fair play and equality of opportunity § Included conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and the protection of consumers

COAL STRIKE OF 1902 Coal workers went on strike and nation may have a winter with no coal Roosevelt wanted to protect the public Brought strikers and union reps to White House Mine owners refused to negotiate Roosevelt threatened to seize their mines and finally convinced them to negotiate Compromise – coal miners wanted 20% increased raise and got 10% § Wanted an 8 hour work day, and got a 9 hour work day Roosevelt proved he wanted the best for the public

ROOSEVELT AS “TRUST-BUSTER” Stood for “fair play” – saw a difference between “good trusts” and “bad trusts” § Bad trusts were those that acted against the public interest Ex. Filed a lawsuit against a company owned by JP Morgan § The first time the government had ever challenged a major industrialist § Proved that big business wasn’t above the law Never actually broke up many trusts, but he established the principle that the government could break up harmful trusts – trust buster nickname Under Roosevelt, the government shifted away from obviously favoring business

The cartoon to the right illustrates President Theodore Roosevelt’s attempt to… a) b) c) d) ignore antitrust laws conserve natural resources limit the power of monopolies eliminate foreign ownership of United States corporations

GOVERNMENT REGULATION OF MEAT, FOOD, AND DRUGS After The Jungle, Roosevelt pushed the Meat Inspection Act through Congress, 1906 § Established government inspection of meat shipped between states Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906 – banned the use of poison as preservatives § Medicine containers had to have labels that displayed their contents

CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES Encouraged the nation to conserve forests, wildlife, and natural resources Created five new national parks – doubling the number

WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT Endorsed by Roosevelt Continued many of Roosevelt’s policies § Trustbusting § Civil service reform Opposed restrictions on immigration Prevented companies from raising their rates unreasonably 16 t h amendment – allows federal government to collect income taxes on people

WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT But…he wasn’t a very good politician Alienated other Progressive Republicans Often did his own thing without worrying about negotiation or consideration Undid some of Roosevelt’s work § Returned some of Roosevelt’s protected wildlife areas to public sale

ELECTION OF 1912 Roosevelt didn’t like Taft’s policies by this time and decided to run against him as the Republican nominee in 1912 But…Taft won the nomination for Republicans So Roosevelt decided to run for a third party – “Bull Moose Party” § Campaigned with many Progressive policies Split the ticket and Democrats won § Woodrow Wilson, another Progressive, became president

Roosevelt’s Square Deal excerpt and graphic organizer (10. 4) Venn Diagram on Roosevelt vs. Taft

WOODROW WILSON Cool and logical – very different from Roosevelt’s emotion and enthusiasm Southerner – encouraged racial segregation in many government departments Promised “New Freedom” § Wanted to attack the “triple wall of privilege” – tariffs, banking, and trusts Made even more reforms than Roosevelt

WOODROW WILSON Underwood Tariff of 1913 § After Civil War, tariffs on foreign goods kept prices really high – good for producers, bad for consumers § Wilson believed tariffs only benefitted rich monopolists § Lowered tariffs by 25%

WOODROW WILSON Graduated income tax § A tax in which wealthier people are taxed at higher rates than others – rich people pay a higher percentage of their income § Used the 16 th amendment

WOODROW WILSON Federal Reserve Act, 1913 – compromise between private and government control of banking system Created the Federal Reserve System (the Fed) § Organization that regulates banks § Acts as the bank to banks (can loan money, set interest rates for banks, buy bonds from banks, etc)

WOODROW WILSON Clayton Antitrust Act § Strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act § Created a commission to investigate activities of businesses

FINAL PROGRESSIVE REFORMS Prohibition – no alcoholic beverages can be sold – 18 t h amendment Women’s suffrage – 19 t h amendment Progressive Era ended by 1917 when America joined in World War I

Wilson’s New Freedom graphic organizer and excerpt

IMPORTANT PEOPLE Ida Tarbell Upton Sinclair Jacob Riis Jane Addams Robert La Follette Susan B. Anthony Alice Paul Progressive Presidents: Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

IMPORTANT LEGISLATION 19 th amendment 18 th amendment 17 th amendment 16 th amendment Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug Act Federal Reserve Act Clayton Antitrust Act

Three column chart titled “Effects of Social Progressivism” – living conditions, working conditions, children

Graphic organizer, Gateway pg 134