Progressive Era Progressive Era Introduction to the Progressive

Progressive Era

Progressive Era • Introduction to the Progressive Movement

SWBAT • Examine difficulties farmers faced in the West • Explain the goals of the Populist Party • Identify William Jennings Bryan, the Grange

Populists • 3 factors that helped bring people West: 1. Transcontinental Railroad 2. Homestead Act 3. Manifest Destiny • Many who moved West became farmers

Problems for Farmers • Problems that Farmers faced in the West: 1. Difficult land to farm 2. Weather- blizzards, tornados, droughts 3. Loneliness 4. Conflicts with Native Americans

Problems for Farmers 5. Debt due to high cost of farm equipment 6. Charged high prices by railroad for storage and transport of products

The Grange • Grange- organization founded in 1867, meant to develop social ties among farmers • Due to poor economic conditions, farmers pressed for political changes to limit power of railroads

The Populists • The Populist Partyestablished in 1891 • Also known as the “People’s Party” • Dedicated to reform and radical change in the social, economic, and political situation in the US

Goals of the Populists 1. Government control of railroads, telephones, & telegraphs 2. Progressive income tax 3. Secret ballot

Goals of the Populists 4. Direct election of Senators 5. 8 hour work day 6. Free & unlimited silver coinage (wanted more $ in circulation so the farmers could pay their debt more easily)

Goals of the Populists 7. Restricted immigration 8. Women’s suffrage

Leader of the Populists • Leader: William Jennings Bryan - ran for President 3 times never won • Election of 1896: Bryan ran against William Mc. Kinley - Mc. Kinley won with the support of Big Business

End of the Populists • Populists disappeared as a political party by 1900 - as urban population increased (immigration) increase in demand for food prices for food increase farmers become prosperous

End of Populists • Populist ideas were later adopted by other political parties

Significance of Populist Party • Populists were unsuccessful in achieving goals, BUT their ideas/goals were applied to urban problems later, during the Progressive Era • Economy shifting from agriculture to industrial • US shifting from nation of farms to a nation of cities

Populists and the Wizard of Oz… • L. Frank Baum (1856 – 1919) authored The Wizard of Oz, in 1900

Who the Characters Represent…

Dorothy= the American People

Scarecrow= Western Farmers (Populists)

Tin Man= Eastern Industrial Workers

Cowardly Lion= William Jennings Bryan

Wizard of Oz= William Mc. Kinley ?

Oz= Washington/Government =

Kansas= Populist Stronghold

Populists and the Wizard of Oz… • Oz- abbreviation for an ounce of silver or gold • Dorothy’s Silver Slippers (not Ruby!) = Silver Sandard • Yellow Brick Road = Gold Standard

Progressives and Reform

SWBAT • Explain characteristics of a Progressive • Describe goals of the Progressive Movement • Identify muckraker

Progressives • Progressive Movement: 1900 -1918 • Progressives: - A middle class, urban movement - Saw themselves as reformers against abuses of urban life, corporate business, and government corruption - Ideas came from populist movement

Goals of Progressives 1. Greater Democracy - Direct primary- nomination of candidates for office by party members (the people!) - Initiative- voters petition to have an issue put on the ballot (local gov. only)

Goals of Progressives - Referendum- an issue that you vote “yes” or “no” on - Recall- remove an elected official by petition or vote - 17 th Amendment- direct election of Senators by the people (1917) - 19 th Amendment- women’s right to vote (1920)

Goals of Progressives 2. More government regulation of business (TR/Wilson) 3. Social Justice (issues of women and children) - Got rid of child labor - Passed laws allowing women to work shorter hours than men, and not at night

Goals of Progressives 4. Get local and national government more involved in ending problems

Muckraker • Investigative journalists who informed the public about corruption, bad business practices, and unfair treatment of workers

Video • While viewing the video, listen carefully, and answer the questions as the video progresses… • We will review the questions as a class at the end of the video

SWBAT • Analyze Progressive Era documents and photographs • Identify Ida Tarbell and Upton Sinclair

Directions • You will move from station to station as a group • You will have 6 minutes at each station • In those 6 minutes you must complete the questions accordingly in your packet for that station • Everyone MUST have all questions complete by the end of your last station • Have fun!

Teddy Roosevelt & Progressive Policies

SWBAT • Review reformers and their effects • Describe 3 areas of reform under President Roosevelt • Identify the term: Square Deal

Reformers & Legislation Reformer Effect Jacob Riis- How the Other Half Lives (1890) Upton Sinclair- The Jungle (1906) Lincoln Steffens- The Shame of Cities (1904) Ida Tarbell- The History of the Standard Oil Company (1903) Settlement Houses, protection of child labor Meat Inspection Act Food and Drug Act Voting reform 17 th Amendment Anti-trust legislation

Settlement Housing • volunteer middle-class "settlement workers" would live, hoping to share knowledge and culture, and alleviate the poverty of their low-income neighbors

Progressive Era Improvements • As a class, review Progressive Era Improvements… • What Amendments were passed during this Era and what did they address?

President Roosevelt • Held office from 1901 -1908 • Saw his job as one of “stewardship”- leading the nation responsibly in the public’s interest, like a manager • Took a very active role as President

President Roosevelt • Administration was called the “Square Deal”- fairness for all, and free from corruption

3 Areas of Reform • TR’s Square Deal consisted of 3 areas of reform 1. Regulating Business- his attitude toward business= gov. should keep their eye on monopolies & should eliminate bad business practices

Regulating Business A. Northern Securities Case- a “trustbuster”, a railroad monopoly in the Pacific Northwest was broken up by the Roosevelt Administration

Regulating Business B. Hepburn Act, 1906 allowed Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to set railroad rates & expanded ICC’s authority to cover ferries & bridges as well

Regulating Business C. Pure Food and Drug Actaccurate labeling of food and drugs Meat Inspection Act- fed. Gov. would ensure meat was safe for consumption

Labor 2. Labor A. Coal Strike of 1902 - mine owners refused to deal with strikers TR said they must come up with an agreement or he would send the Army to take over the mines RESULT- mine workers won shorter hours and higher wages

Conservation 3. Conservation A. Newlands Reclamation Act: - built dams, irrigation systems in the west - added land in Alaska & Northwest to federally protected lands - started state & national parks (ex Yellowstone)

Woodrow Wilson

SWBAT • Identify the philosophy of the Wilson Administration • Identify the Federal Reserve Act and Clayton Anti-Trust Act • Contrast Wilson’s view of trusts with TR’s view of trusts

Progressive Era Presidents • T. Roosevelt 1901 -1908 • Taft 1908 -1912 • Wilson 1912 - 1920

Election of 1912 • Candidates: 1. Taft (Republican) 2. Wilson (Democrat) 3. T. Roosevelt (Bull Moose) 4. Debs (Socialist) • WILSON WINS!

Election of 1912

Wilson’s Philosophy • A return to competition in the workplace • Therefore need to get rid of monopolies and use anti-trust laws to do it! • Presidential Program: “New Freedom”

Wilson’s Reform Actions 1. Underwood Tariff- paved the way for the 16 th Amendment (income tax) 2. Federal Reserve Act- set up Federal Reserve System to stabilize banking:

Wilson’s Reform Actions A. 12 banking districts B. Not a people’s bank, instead issues $ to other banks C. Controls amount of $ in circulation by increasing and decreasing interest rates D. Shifts and redistributes $ to other banks

Wilson’s Reform Actions

Wilson’s Reform Actions 3. Federal Trade Commission- est. to prevent unfair competition, enforce anti-trust laws, investigate false advertising, and mislabeling of products

Wilson’s Reform Actions 4. Clayton Anti-Trust Act- strengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act - more specific - spelled out specific activities big business could not take part in - legalized strikes, peaceful picketing, and boycotts

End of Progressivism • Progressivism ends with WWI (1917) • Last remnant of the Progressive th Movement is in 1920, with the 19 Amendment

Knowledge Check! 1. A major purpose of the Federal Reserve System is to: A. deal with the trade deficit through tariffs and quotas B. control the minimum wage C. establish the Federal budget D. regulate interest rates and the money supply

Knowledge Check! 2. Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Robert M. La. Follette are all considered progressives because they: A. supported the formation of the first trade union B. used Presidential power to break up strikes C. worked to limit the power of big business D. formed the first civil rights organizations