23 The Progressive Era Progressive Era 1900 1920

23 – The Progressive Era

Progressive Era: 1900 -1920 Stemmed from: People’s Populist Party 1890 s Protestant Social Gospel Movement 1870 s-1910 s Middle Class Men & Women Muckrakers

Social Gospel Movement (1870 s-1910 s) • • • Protestant; but had tacit support of Catholic clergy Ministers called for Civil Service Reform & No Child Labor Supported Government Regulation of Business YMCA & YWCA took on role of housingle women Settlement House Movement

1904 Muckrakers 1890 1904

The Progressives • Ordinary Middle Class Men & Women – Graduated Income Tax (16 th A) – Direct Democracy: Primary Election of Senators (17 th A) – Initiative, Referendum, & Recall – Prohibition (18 th A) – Suffrage (19 th A) – Child Labor Laws (State Level) – Minimum Wage (State Level)

First Elected Official Recalled 1897 -99 Klondike Gold Rush, Yukon Territory , 0 0 0

First Elected Official Recalled 1908 Hiram Gill Elected Mayor of Seattle s n o o l a S e r o M o N s l e h Mayor Hiram Gill N r B o t o

First Elected Official Recalled 1910 Women Suffrage Passed in Washington State 1911 Seattle Mayor, Hiram Gill, Recalled Mayor Hiram Gill

In 1921, after running as an Independent, Lynn Frazier, N. D. Governor, was recalled during a dispute about stateowned industries. In 2003, Governor Gray Davis of California, was recalled over state budget deficit spending as result of the dot-com bubble burst.

T. R. ’s Square Deal Control Corporations Protect Consumers Conserve Natural Resources

• • Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902 150, 000 Coal Miners 20% Pay Raise, 9 -Hr Day, Union Recognition Schools, Hospitals, Businesses Impacted T. Roosevelt Intervened (Mediated) • Strike Ended w/ 10% Raise, 10 -Hr Day, NO Union

Which “C” did Roosevelt’s involvement in the coal strike fall under? Control Corporations Protect Consumers Conserve Natural Resources

Control of Corporations – Interstate Commerce Act of ’ 87 • RR began giving rebates – Elkins Act of 1903 • Fined RR that gave rebates; RR went to free passes – Hepburn Act of 1906 • Outlawed free passes

Consumer Pure Food & Drug Act of 1906 Meat Inspection Act of 1906 Welcome to the Jungle - 1906

Conservation • Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902 – 125 m acres of land forests & national parks – Sold public lands in western states • Money used to assist farmers w/ irrigation projects

John Muir & Teddy Roosevelt Yosemite National Park

5 National Parks: Crater Lake, Oregon Wind Cave, South Dakota Sullys Hill, North Dakota Platt, Oklahoma

4 National Monuments Petrified Forest, Arizona El Morro, NM Devils Tower, Wyoming Montezuma Castle, Arizona

W. Taft 1909 – 1913 Republican

Taft the Aggressive Trust Buster • 90 lawsuits in 4 years (T. R. only busted 44) STANDARD OIL of New Jersey

Downfall of Standard Oil 1890 Sherman Antitrust Act 1900 Henry Lloyd’s Wealth Against Commonwealth 1904 Ida Tarbell’s History of Standard Oil 1911 Taft “busted” Standard Oil

Dissolution of Standard Oil - 1911 • Dissolved/split into 33 entities • Standard Oil Company of N. Y. became Mobil in 1920 • Standard Oil of New Jersey became Exxon in 1972 1999

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire - 1911

14 -year-olds "Sara" Rosaria Maltese & Kate Leone (Not Shown) 43 -year-old Providenza Panno

Introductory paragraph identifies the time, place, key people, and general overview of the conditions that contributed to the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire that took 146 lives. First body paragraph should include the fire chief's assessment of how the fire began and at least 3 other contributing factors found within the monograph. And, there should be some elaboration, explanation, etc. Finally, include a transition sentence to the consequences paragraph. Second body paragraph should include the consequences, changes, reforms, etc. that came about as a result of this incident 4 -5 sentence summary paragraph that truly summarizes what you have written and then includes a sentence that explains the big deal or significance about this horrific industrial incident. That is, a sentence or two that tells the reader how this tragedy changed America!

Laws protecting workers Facility Inspections by State Workman’s Compensation Minimum Age Gov. /Business Cooperation No More Sweatshops in America

The Progressive Democrat Dr. Wilson Princeton President New Jersey Governor 1911 -1913 1902 -10 U. S. President 1913 -21

Wilson’s Progressivism • • • 16 th A – Progressive Income Tax 17 th A – Direct Election of Senators Federal Reserve Act – 12 Regional Banks Federal Trade Commission–Oversees Commerce Clayton Antitrust Act – Strengthened Sherman Act; “unfair” vs. fair competition Workman’s Comp (State By State) Child Labor Laws (State By State) National Park Service - 1916 18 th A – Prohibition of Alcohol 19 th A - Women’s Suffrage (WWI Effort & Alice Paul’s Party)

12 REGIONAL BANKS This was perhaps the most significant piece of legislation passed during the Progressive Era!

Sanger’s American Birth Control League - 1916

th 18 & st 21 Amendments

Alice Paul’s National Women’s Party Calls for ERA in 1919

19 th Amendment – Women’s Suffrage Alice Paul’s National Women’s Party