The nervous pathway Sensory Pathways 1 proprioceptive and

The nervous pathway 神 经传 导路

一、 Sensory Pathways 感觉传导通路

1. proprioceptive and fine touch pathway of trunk and limbs 2. 3. 躯干四肢本体觉和精细触觉传导路

1. proprioceptive and fine touch pathway of trunk and limbs Primary Neuron l Cell bodies are located in the ganglion of spinal n. l transmit sensory input from joint, muscle, tendon to the posterior funiculus of the spinal cord l form the Fasciculus cuneatus and Fasciculus gracilis

1. proprioceptive and fine touch pathway of trunk and limbs Secondary Neuron Cell bodies are located in Nucleus gracilis and Nucleus cuneatus Send out fibers Cross to the opposite by decussation of medial lemniscus Ascends as medial lemniscus Third Neuron cell bodis are located in the thalamus send out fibers to form central thalamic radiation project to the somatic sensory cortex

VPL nucleus III Medial lemniscus Nucleus gracilis Nucleus cuneatus II Spinal ganglion I central thalamic radiations Decussation of medial lemniscus Fasciculus cuneatus Fasciculus gracilis

1. proprioceptive and fine touch pathway of trunk and limbs muscles, tendon s, joints and periosteum Receptor fine touch in skin Spinal ganglion Central processes Peripheral processes I ipsilateral posterior funiculus of spinal cord Gracile nucleus Fasciculus gracilis cuneate nucleus. Decussation of (below T 5) medial lemniscus Fasciculus cuneatus II (above T 4) ventral posterolateral central thalamic nucleus (VPL) radiations Posterior limb of III internal capsule medial lemniscus supeior 2/3 of postcentral gyrus and posterior part of the paracentral lobule, Precentral gyrus

Pain, temperature and simple touch pathway of trunk and limbs 躯干四肢的痛温觉和粗略触觉传导通路

ventral posterolateral nucleus III Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅶ of posterior horn II spinal ganglia I central thalamic radiations Spinal lemniscus spinothalamic tract

Pain, temperature and simple touch pathway of trunk and limbs 躯干四肢的痛温觉和粗略触觉传导通路 Primary Neuron • Cell bodies are located in the ganglion of spinal n. • Relay sensory input from the periphery to the posterior horn of the spinal cord • Synapses with the secondary neurons in the posterior horn of spinal cord

Pain, temperature and simple touch pathway of trunk and limbs躯干四肢的痛温觉和粗略触觉传导通路 Secondary Neuron located in the Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅶ of posterior horn of spinal cord Send out fibers cross to the opposite side through the anterior white commissures and form the spinothalamic tract Third Neuron the third neurons located in the thalamus send out fibers to form central thalamic radiation project to the somatic sensory cortex

Pain, temperature and simple touch pathway of trunk and limbs 躯干四肢的痛温觉和粗略触觉传导通路 Spinal ganglion Skin exteroceptor Central processes Peripheral processes Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅶ of posterior horn II I Ascending 1 - 2 segments lateral spinothalamic tract (pain and temperature) anterior spinothalamic tract (simple touch) ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) central thalamic radiations III Posterior root Posterior limb of internal capsule supeior 2/3 of posterior gyrus and posterior part of the paracentral lobule

Pain, temperature and simple touch pathway of head and face 头面部痛温觉和粗略触觉传导通路

ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) III pontine nucleus of trigeminal n II central thalamic radiations trigeminal ganglion I Spinal tract of trigeminal n. spinal nucleus of trigeminal n. trigeminal lemniscus

Pain, temperature and simple touch pathway of head and face 头面部痛温觉和粗略触觉传导通路 trigeminal ganglion Skin and mucosa of head and face pontine nucleus of trigeminal n. Central processes Trigeminal n. Peripheral processes I Root of trigeminal n. ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) trigeminal lemniscus II spinal nucleus of trigeminal n. central thalamic radiations Posterior limb of internal capsule III inferior 1/3 of posterior gyrus

（三）visual pathway 视觉传导路 receptor bipolar cell ganglion cell Optic n. cone cell rod cell Optic chiasma Lateral geniculate body Decussation of fibers from nasal halves of retina Optic tract Fibers from temporal halves of retina uncrossed Optic Radiation Both banks of calcarine sulcus

损伤及表现： ①视神经损伤： 同侧盲 Blindness of eye of corresponding side ②视交叉中部损伤： 双颞侧偏盲 bitemporal hemianopia of visual field ③视交叉外侧部损伤： 同侧眼鼻侧半偏盲 Blindness in nasal half of visual field of corresponding side ④视束、外侧膝状体、视辐射、 视中枢损伤： 双眼对侧同向性偏盲 Homonymous hemianopia of visual field in both eye

2. pupillary reflexes 瞳孔对光反射 retina Optic n. Contraction of pupil Sphincter pupillae Optic chiasma Optic tract Brachium of superior colliculus Pretectal region Ciliary ganglion Postganglionic fibers节后纤维 Oculumotot n. Ciliary ganglion 睫状神经节 E-W nucleus Oculumotot n. accessory nuclei of III Pretectal region

The acoustic(auditory) pathway 听觉传导路 medial geniculate body acoustic radiation inferior colliculus cochlear nuclei Spiral organ cochlear ganglion

The acoustic(auditory) pathway 听觉传导路 cochlear nuclei cochlear ganglion Spiral organ inferior colliculus Cochlear nerve Trapezoid body Lateral lemniscus medial geniculate body acoustic radiation Brachium of inferior colliculus Posterior limb of internal capsule transverse temporal gyri

VPL nucleus III Medial lemniscus Nucleus gracilis Nucleus cuneatus II Spinal ganglion I central thalamic radiations Decussation of medial lemniscus Fasciculus cuneatus Fasciculus gracilis

ventral posterolateral nucleus III Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅶ of posterior horn II spinal ganglia I central thalamic radiations Spinal lemniscus spinothalamic tract