Sensory Training Sensory Processing Sensory Processing difficulties occurs

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Sensory Training

Sensory Training

Sensory Processing: Sensory Processing difficulties occurs when sensory information coming in from the senses

Sensory Processing: Sensory Processing difficulties occurs when sensory information coming in from the senses is not interpreted efficiently or the brain is unable to make sense of incoming messages. This impacts on ones: • Functional skills i. e feeding, washing, clothing etc. • Behaviour • Emotional regulation • Attention and concentration • Motor skills

Diagnosis • Sensory Processing is a neurological impairment associated with a range of disabilities

Diagnosis • Sensory Processing is a neurological impairment associated with a range of disabilities such as cerebal palsy, Fragile X, ADHD, high risk infants, ASD etc. it also impacts on a child’s development. • Difficulties with sensory processing have been widely associated in Autism research literature. However the prevalence varies from 42% - 95% (Tomcheck 2010) Ben –Sasson et al 2007. Adam, Ohare and Graham 2006)

The Senses • • Vestibular (Movement and head tilt) Proprioception (heavy muscle work) Tactile

The Senses • • Vestibular (Movement and head tilt) Proprioception (heavy muscle work) Tactile (Touch and deep pressure touch) Auditory (Sound) Visual (Sight) Olfactory (Smell) Taste

Movement / Balance (Vestibular) • Relates to movement, head tilt, balance, up against gravity

Movement / Balance (Vestibular) • Relates to movement, head tilt, balance, up against gravity and muscle tone. You receive vestibular input when you: • Spin • Hang upside down • Raised off the ground • Move in different directions • Change head position • Move (quickly or slowly)

Body Awareness (Proprioception) • Tells us where our body is in space and what

Body Awareness (Proprioception) • Tells us where our body is in space and what it is doing even when we cannot see it. • Recognised through the muscles, tendons and joints. Proprioceptive stimulation occurs during active and resistive movement like bouncing, pulling, carrying heavy objects etc.

Difficulties with Proprioception It can cause: • Heavy handed • Missing their mouth when

Difficulties with Proprioception It can cause: • Heavy handed • Missing their mouth when eating • Difficulty getting dressed • Bumping into things • Very fidgety / cannot sit still • Find it hard to sit on the chair properly • Often drop things / knock things over

Touch • Information received via the skin • Helps to register inappropriate temperature, pressure,

Touch • Information received via the skin • Helps to register inappropriate temperature, pressure, vibration and pain. Touch helps us to discriminate between different objects.

Difficulties processing touch input • Difficulties tolerating certain foods. • Dislike of certain clothes,

Difficulties processing touch input • Difficulties tolerating certain foods. • Dislike of certain clothes, labels, and a preference for to be covered or for clothing to be removed. • Unable to tell the quality of materials by touch alone eg rough or smooth, soft or hard, shape or hot or cold. • Needs to touch objects all the time. • Cant tolerate personal care tasks. • Extreme reaction to sudden or unexpected touch

Auditory (Sound) Information received through the ears Difficulty processing this sensory information can result

Auditory (Sound) Information received through the ears Difficulty processing this sensory information can result in: • Difficulty filtering sound out (hear everything) • Hear quiet sounds (hear everything) • Don’t register when someone is calling them • Becomes unsettled with loud noise • Dislikes background noise and affects their attention • Children produce their own noise to drown out other noises.

Visual • Information received through your eyes and relates to colour, depth and shape.

Visual • Information received through your eyes and relates to colour, depth and shape. Difficulties processing this sensory information can result in: • Difficulty tolerating sunlight, • Difficulty picking out shapes, words, letters on a page or a difficulty in reading. • Difficulty tolerating brightly coloured rooms • Unable to tell, where the edge of a step or curb (depth perception) • Dislike lighting being altered

Physiological Response • Sensory processing is a process that occurs in the central nervous

Physiological Response • Sensory processing is a process that occurs in the central nervous system. The sensory input can cause an automatic response which can have an impact on ones breathing rate, temperature control, pupil dilation and influences one emotional reactions (fear and anxiety). This can lead to a flight and fight response and change ones behaviour (ie hitting out, running away , avoiding activities)

Sensory Processing Difficulties Students can present the following difficulties: • Over responsive (sensitivity) •

Sensory Processing Difficulties Students can present the following difficulties: • Over responsive (sensitivity) • Sensory seeking • Avoiding sensation • Hypo sensitivity / poor registration • Distractible • Poor concentration • Poor motor coordination • Unable to distinguish between different sensations

Responses to sensory input

Responses to sensory input

Overview of treatment / strategies • • • Environmental modifications Compensatory strategies Sensory diet

Overview of treatment / strategies • • • Environmental modifications Compensatory strategies Sensory diet Sensory programmes Sensory equipment Sensory stories Social stories Structure and routine Visual charts inc signs and symbols Sensory approaches

How to achieve a calm state • • • Apply deep pressure to back

How to achieve a calm state • • • Apply deep pressure to back and legs Allow to rock Warm drink Soft music / low lighting Structured classroom / / no distraction Carry heavy equipment

How to achieve alert state • • • Running, jumping, hopping. skipping Bouncing on

How to achieve alert state • • • Running, jumping, hopping. skipping Bouncing on trampoline Cold drinks or strong flavours Chewing crunchy food or gum Bright lights Playing fast paced music