THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR 1861 1865 The Civil

THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR 1861 -1865

The Civil War: Union vs Confederacy

Confederate Union

The first States secede

Advantages of the Union (North )? Part of the Union meant: Bigger Population 22 million Railroad system Industry and Navy Telegraph, Ulysses All of them fighting For the end to slavery

Confederate (Rebel) advantages (South) The Confederate rebels Had excellent generals Like Jackson and Lee And familiarity With the territory Farmers fight mean With the money from Cotton economy

Fort Sumter • April 12, 1861: 1 st conflict of the war, where the South won • It lasted 2 days and only 1 died, it was an accident ‘cause the cannon backfired • The North realized it was not an easy fight. • Each state would need to choose a side Picture Credit: http: //library. thinkquest. org/3055/graphics/battles/images/sumteranim. gif

Lincoln’s Generals Winfield Joseph Ulysses S. Irwin Scott George Hooker Grant Mc. Dowell Mc. Clellan Meade Ambrose George Burnside

Mc. Clellan said, I Can Do It All! Lincoln said that will be your downfall

The Confederate Generals “Stonewall” Nathan Robert E. Jackson Bedford Lee George Forrest Jeb Stuart Pickett James Longstreet

The North used a unique strategy. Tried to choke out the South and block all the seas

The Anaconda Plan Was to suffocate the South by blocking their supplies and forcing them down

Quick QUiz 1. Name the 2 sides 2. What were 2 advantages of the North? What were 2 advantages of the South? 3. What was the Anaconda Plan?

Bull Run General Mc. Dowell vs. General Beauregard 2 x 1 st major battle and major brawl Bull Run was fought twice, with Jackson standing tall

Battle of Bull Run (1 st Manassas) July, 1861 1 st major battle and major brawl Bull Run was fought twice, with Jackson standing tall

Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson

First metal ships in the world! The Ironclads Were BIG and BAD

The inventions and technology made the Civil War. . . The Monitor

more efficient and deadly

The Battle of the Ironclads, March, 1862 The Monitor vs. the Merrimac

Battle of Shiloh – April 1862 Grant Battle of Shiloh The Union got control Johnston killed in the midst of battle Johnston -killed in battle

War in the East: 1861 -1862 Antietam In Maryland A surprising victory for Mc. Clellan In only 1 day More than 25, 000 fell Bloodiest battle it was like Hell

Battle of Antietam September 1862

Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War” September 17, 1862 23, 000 casualties

Battle of Vicksburg – July 1863 Gen. Albert Johnson Ulysses S. Grant

Grant’s Most Important Battle In Vicksburg, Mississippi Grant sieged the city Starved the people out And claimed the victory

Sherman’s March November 12, 1864 Sherman marched toward the Atlantic shore Destroyed all cities in his path Georgia experienced much of his wrath Major General William Tecumseh Sherman

Sherman’s “March to the Sea” through Georgia, 1864

The Progress of War: 1861 -1865

Emancipation Proclamation • Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 • Abraham Lincoln set the slaves free

Emancipation in 1863

Blacks in the Military William Carney • Freed slaves joined the military • Fought for the Union and the end to slavery • The 54 th regiment were well known • For being the best soldiers with bravery shown

The 54 th Regiment attack on Fort Wagner, SC- July 18, 1863

Black Troops Freeing Slaves

Gettysburg – turning point The Battle of Gettysburg Lasted three days Pickett’s charge Was a mistake This was the last time the South would invade

Gettysburg Casualties

Gettysburg Address • that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. Abe Lincoln

Lee Surrenders • Lee’s Confederate troops • Starving and clothes were rags • Trapped • Forced to surrender at the Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865 • Grant’s Union troops • Well-fed and well supplied • Surrounded the Confederate soldiers • THE WAR WAS OVER!

After four bloody years of civil war, the South was defeated.

Over 618, 000 military deaths during Civil War.

Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865

• EFFECTS OF CIVIL WAR (read p 533 daily life) • creation of a single unified country • abolition of slavery • increased power to fed. gov't – killed the issue of states rights • U. S. now an industrial nation • a stronger sense of nationalism • Western lands increasingly opened to settlement • South was economically and physically devastated, w/ the plantation system crippled. . . thus Reconstruction (rebuilding the U. S. ) - but a deep hatred of the North remained. . .

One More Tragic Death • Abraham Lincoln did not live to see peace • Five days after the surrender, Lincoln was shot and killed • Watching a play at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D. C. • John Wilkes Booth, an actor, assassinated the President. • The entire country was saddened

Quick Quiz Part 1 (submit form) 1. Where was the first battle of the Civil War? a. Fort Sumter, b. Antietam, c. Gettysburg 2. Where was the last battle/turning point of the Civil War? a. Fort Sumter, b. Antietam, c. Gettysburg 3. What was the bloodiest battle in the Civil War? a. Fort Sumter, b. Antietam, c. Gettysburg

Quick Quiz Part 2 4. Who was the key general of the Confederate Army? A. Grant, B. Mc. Clellan, C. Lee 5. Which general helped the Union win the Civil War? A. Grant, B. Mc. Clellan, C. Lee 6. The North’s strategy to win the war was called The ______ Plan. 7. How did General Sherman help the war effort? 8. What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?

Extensive Legislation Passed Without the South in Congress 1861 – Morrill Tariff Act 1862 – Homestead Act 1862 – Legal Tender Act 1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act 1862 – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863) 1863 – Pacific Railway Act 1863 – National Bank Act

• Congress established a single federal currency - same value in all states known as "Greenbacks" • 1) to cover war debts, Union gov't issued war bonds and intro'd income tax • 2) in a further illustration of fed. gov't power, Lincoln's gov't restricted civil liberties so nothing would hurt the Union war effort (suspended Habeas Corpus—get to see a judge first) - free press/ speech also interrupted • 7) 1864 Election - only in Union - pitted Republican Lincoln against Democrat General Mc. Clellan Lincoln won easily, assuring that war will continue (N. Democrats wanted an end)

Casualties on Both Sides

Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars

Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)

The Assassin John Wilkes Booth

WANTED~~!!

Now He Belongs to the Ages!

Credits to PPT picts/modified slides: • http: //americanhistory. pppst. com/civilwar. ht ml