SOME BATTLES HAVE TWO NAMES Union named battles

SOME BATTLES HAVE TWO NAMES! Union named battles after geographic features. Confederacy named battles after nearest city.

Battle of Bull Run (Manassas): July 21, 1861

The Battle of Bull Run (Manassas if you’re a Southerner)

Battle of Bull Run (Manassas): July 21, 1861 Significance? -Proved war would not be one-sided -Union leadership changes – Winfield Scott to George Mc. Clellan

Battle of Shiloh: April 6 -8, 1862

Battle of Shiloh

Battle of Shiloh: April 6 -8, 1862 Significance? - Could have been huge CSA victory (Grant drunk? ) - Secures TN for Union, begins control of West

Peninsula Campaign: March-July, 1862

Peninsula Campaign: What? March-July, 1862 Peninsular Campaign Plan to speed up the end of the Civil War launching massive effort to seize CSA capital at Richmond. How? Series of 10 battles in 7 days (often called Seven Days Campaign).

Peninsula Campaign: March-July, 1862 Significance? - Union all-out effort failed miserably - Lee used knowledge of land to outwit Mc. Clellan

Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg): Sept 17, 1862

The Diplomatic Struggle n The South traded cotton to many European countries for the supplies they needed n From 1861 to 1862, the South used “cotton diplomacy” to get England & France to aid them: n Napoleon III favored the South but wanted England to do so 1 st n England chose a hands-off policy

- Lee realizes the South needs an ally – he believes a major victory in the north (take Harrisburg, PA) will attract an ally. - Lee’s plan to invade the North was discovered by a soldier on battlefield (“Special Order 191”) - Union General George Mc. Clellan met the Confederacy at Sharpsburg, MD (Antietam Creek) - Single bloodiest day in American History Battle Map

Battle of Antietam

After the Battle of Antietam…

After the Battle of Antietam, Mc. Clellan lets Lee’s tattered escape into Virginia –Proclamation he is dismissed. Lincolnforce issued the Emancipation Lee’s force is weak – follow them and end What did the Proclamation the war! NO - - they might have more numbers than we think! You have a case of the “slows” – you’re fired! really accomplish?

n The Proclamation only frees slaves living in Confederate states. n Turns the focus of the war: it was a war over “states’ rights”, now a war over slavery n Europe, particularly England France, refused to help the Confederacy. How could they back a war to promote slavery when they had already outlawed it? n Slaves start rebelling in the South – creates further tension

Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg): Sept 17, 1862 Significance? - Lee invasion of North repelled - Bloodiest day in US history - Lincoln keeps foreign allies against South with Proclamation - Change from Mc. Clellan to Burnside The origin of the term “sideburns”

Battle of Fredericksburg: December 15, 1862

Battle of Fredericksburg: December 15, 1862 The Battle of Fredericksburg saw more troops engaged than any other battle of the American Civil War (almost 200, 000 men). It also involved the first major opposed river crossing in the nation’s history.

n Known as the Union’s biggest “folly” • Burnside (U) plans to invade the South and capture the capital (Richmond). • Lee (C) has his men “dug in” behind a stone wall at Marye's Heights, the highest point War Room!

The Battle of Fredericksburg

Battle of Fredericksburg: Significance? -Union embarrassed…again! -Prompts more leadership changes with Union (Burnside to Joe Hooker) December 15, 1862

Battle of Chancellorsville: May 6, 1863

Battle of Chancellorsville

Battle of Chancellorsville: May 6, 1863 Significance? -Lee’s greatest victory (defeats Union force twice his size) -Lee loses “right hand man” (Stonewall Jackson) due to friendly fire