Civil War VUS 7 Civil War 1861 1865

Civil War VUS. 7

Civil War • 1861 - 1865 • Immediate Causes: • Lincoln elected in 1860 with only 40% of popular vote BUT 180 (required) electoral votes • “Lower South” states secede • Confederates in S. C. fire on Ft. Sumter • Lincoln calls for volunteers to fight Confederates • “Upper South” states secede

Civil War • Long-Term Causes • State’s rights • Popular Sovereignty • Doctrine of Nullification • Slavery

Key Leaders • Abraham Lincoln: President of the United States during the Civil War, who insisted that the Union be held together, by force if necessary

Key Leaders • Ulysses S. Grant: Union military commander, who won victories over the South after several Union commanders had failed

Key Leaders • Frederick Douglass: Former slave • Became prominent black abolitionist and who urged Lincoln to recruit former slaves to fight in the Union army

Key Leaders • Robert E. Lee: Confederate general of the Army of Northern Virginia • Lee opposed secession, but did not believe the Union should be held together by force • urged Southerners to accept defeat and unite as Americans again, when some Southerners wanted to fight on after Appomattox

Key Leaders • Jefferson Davis: President of the Confederate States of America

Bull Run, Manassas, Virginia • The first battle was an important Confederate victory. Manassas showed that the war was going to be very long and difficult for both sides.

Antietam: Sharpsburg, Maryland • Bloodiest single-day battle resulted in a tie and Robert E. Lee’s army has to retreat back into Virginia. Lee attacked the north because he needed a victory on northern soil.

Vicksburg, Mississippi • This important battle gave the Union Army control of the Mississippi River, which cut the Confederacy in half and allowed General Grant to control trade and communication on the river.

Chancellorsville, Virginia • Stonewall Jackson loses his life after achieving one of the greatest military maneuvers of the Civil War at Chancellorsville, in Virginia.

Gettysburg, Pennsylvania • Gettysburg was an important Northern victory. The confederate Army was cut down by almost 25%.

Petersburg Virginia…The Crater • Over 15, 000 troops filled and surrounded the crater that formed when the Union Army exploded the 8, 000 pounds of gunpowder at the end of the tunnel. The crater that was left was 170 feet long, 60 to 80 feet wide, and 30 feet deep.

The explosion at Petersburg, VA could be seen from miles away.

Battle of Ironclads: Hampton Roads, VA Most important naval battle of the war. Ironclad ships were used (USS Monitor and CSS Merrimack). The battle ended in a draw.

Appomattox, VA • Lee surrenders to Grant. It is the last major battle of the Civil War

Battle Maps