People of the Civil War Between 1861 and

People of the Civil War Between 1861 and 1865 the people of the United States were involved, as Abraham Lincoln reminded us at Gettysburg, in “a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. ” Who were these people?

Some, like Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America, are still very familiar to us today.

Can you name the president of the seceding states, also called the Confederate States of America? Jefferson Davis

What is the term used to describe the official advisors to the president? Cabinet Here is President Lincoln’s cabinet.

Many remember Generals Grant and Lee. Which side did each lead? General Grant The Union General Lee The Confederates

For much of the war Lincoln sought a general who would aggressively attack the Confederate Army. Pictured here with President Lincoln is one of his more controversial generals, who later ran for president against Lincoln. Can you name him? George B. Mc. Clellan

Both sides in the war used soldiers riding on horseback. What is the term for this type of soldier? Cavalry Here is Lee’s most famous cavalry commander, J. E. B. Stuart. Note the high boots and saber and plumed hat of this cavalry leader.

Many of the officers on both sides of the war were graduates of the United States Military Academy at West Point. On the right is Custer as a lieutenant. On the left is his West Point classmate, James Washington of the Confederate Army, who had just been captured.

Both sides also had navies, though the Union’s was much stronger. The fleets of these two men helped control the Mississippi River for the Union. Admiral David G. Farragut Admiral David Dixon Porter

In addition to the famous, people of all walks of life were involved in the Civil War. They were the farmers, teamsters, mill workers, craftsmen, women, children and slaves. Some we know by name, some remain anonymous.

All over the country there were state and local militia groups. Here are some Virginian militia on the eve of the war.

To meet the increased demand, soldiers were recruited from all walks of life. Northern Recruitment Poster http: //www. wildwestweb. net/cwphotos. html

As the war progressed, both sides resorted to drafting men to fight. This was not popular with all citizens. http: //www. hangmansknot. com/images/pic_riots. gif

Over 3 million people served in the armies of the Civil War. http: //www. civil-war. net/cw_images/files/images/007. jpg

Here is a Union regimental band in training camp. What were bands and musicians used for in the war? They provided signals and directions during battle and entertainment in camp.

Here is the crew of the USS Monitor. What was a monitor? It is was a class of ironclad ships built by the Union Navy.

However, the war wasn’t just fighting. Fraternization - Federal and Confederate pickets trading between the lines -- usually northern coffee for southern tobacco.

Here are some of Sherman’s soldiers tearing up southern railroad tracks on their “march to the sea. ”

Here are Lee’s men just after learning about the southern surrender at Appomattox.

Women played a valuable role in this era. First published in 1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel greatly helped the anti-slavery movement. http: //www. wildwestweb. net/cwphotos. html

Harriet Beecher Stowe worked to awaken the North to the harshness of slavery. Slave Pen, Alexandria, Va. Photographer: Andrew J. Russell. http: //www. wildwestweb. net/cwphotos 2. html

For over 200 years black slaves toiled to build America from agriculture and the crafts. . . http: //images. encarta. msn. com/xrefmedia/sharemed/targets/images/pho/t 001/T 001921 B. jpg

to urban labor. Black Laborers on a Wharf - James River, VA http: //www. civil-war. net/cw_images/files/images/014. jpg

The coming of war changed the status of many blacks. Escaped slaves seek refuge behind Union lines Such blacks were often called "contrabands. " Historical photo: Library of Congress

The great abolitionist leader, Frederick Douglass, urged the North to enlist Blacks to fight for the cause. Frederick Douglass - Anti-slavery leader (1817 -95). Historical photo: Library of Congress

Company E, 4 th US. Colored Infantry Fort Lincoln, District of Columbia By the end of the war, over 200, 00 blacks served in the Union Army and Navy.

Recruitment Handbill “In this Civil War handbill for black recruits, African American soldiers are shown liberating slaves and bringing new hope for a good education and a productive way of life. ” http: //americanhistory. si. edu/brown/history/1 -segregated/detail/recruitment-handbill. html

Women served in a variety of ways. Clara Barton was given a nickname for helping the sick and wounded soldiers on the battlefield. What was it? “Angel of the Battlefield”

Dr. Mary Edwards Walker November 26, 1832 February 21, 1919 http: //www. undelete. org/military/mil 3 walker. html http: //www. nlm. nih. gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_325. html Surgeon, Spy, Suffragette, Prisoner of War, Proponent of Style and Congressional Medal of Honor Winner

These two women were spies for the Confederacy.

Pauline Cushman was a spy for the USA.

She served many months in Missouri artillery and cavalry units disguised as a man. Frances Clayton Photos from Boston Public Library

They photographed and drew both the living and the dead http: //www. eyewitnesstohistory. com/gtburg. htm The Dead at Antietam by Alexander Gardner http: //www. ipeters. de/photography. html#gardner Reconnaissance by Buford’s Calvary towards the Rapidan River [published in Harper's Weekly, October 3, 1863] by Alfred Waud http: //www. loc. gov/exhibits/treasures/trm 041. html

Those who actually lived during this period are no longer with us. Confederate and Union soldiers shaking hands - Old soldiers are reunited in peaceful times at the 50 th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, 1913. Historical photo: Library of Congress

President Lincoln helped us remember these people with his words in the Gettysburg Address.

Gettysburg, PA - Audience during Lincoln's Address, November 19, 1863. This is the only known photo taken of the event. Historical photo: Library of Congress

Gettysburg Address in President Lincoln's handwriting. http: //www. wildwestweb. net/cwphotos. html

“… we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth. ”