Unit 7 Texas in the Civil War and

Unit 7 Texas in the Civil War and Reconstruction What does this era focus on? Answer: Citizens of the North and South being divided

Absolute and Relative Chronology Make a Timeline • 1861 Secession Convention: Why were the Delegates of Texas in favor of secession? Answer: They believed slavery was vital to the economy of Texas. Remember, the North’s economy was based on manufacturing/factories and its industrial growth was more facilitated due to its location next to the natural harbors • 1861 – Sam Houston resigns as the governor of Texas (Refuses to take oath of allegiance to the Confederate States of America) • 1861 – Civil War begins (Texas joins the Confederate States of America and secedes from the Union)

Absolute and Relative Chronology Continued • 1865 The Civil War ends and President Abraham Lincoln is assassinated • June 19, 1865 (Junteenth)– (Junteenth) Emancipation Day in Texas (African Americans learn they are free) • 1870 - President Grant signed an act to readmit Texas to the Union through Congressional representation

Absolute and Relative Chronology Continued • 1865 -1874 – Reconstruction in Texas • 1876 The Constitution of 1876 is adopted (this is the constitution we use today). Texans did not want a strong Central government and opted to rewrite the constitution and include limitations of the governor’s powers and voting rights to African Americans.

Reasons Texas was involved in the Civil War • State’s Rights – Texans believed that states should be able to make their own political economic, and social decisions with minimal federal government interference • Slavery (major reason) – Texans believed slavery was vital to the economy • Sectionalism -- The Texas economy, social structure, customs and political values were much like other southern states • Were the above causes mainly based on economic reasons? Explain your answer

Reasons Continued • Texans wanted low tariffs so they could continue to trade cotton with European nations. Southern states produced 80% of the world’s supply of cotton.

Political, Economic, and Social effects of the Civil War and Reconstruction in Texas

Make a Three Column Chart Title: Civil War Effects Political Economic Social

Political Effects • Texas joins the Confederate States of America • Houston removed from office because he failed to sign an oath to the confederacy • Conscription Act – 60, 000 Texans joined the confederate army • Some Texans sided with the Union and joined the Union forces

Economic Effects • Shortages of commodities, such as coffee, medicine, clothing, salt, paper • Trade along the Mexican border continued and supplied some of these items to Texas • Cotton production declines during the Civil War and increases after • Inadequate production in agriculture and business • Shortages were also due to the Union blockade along the Texas Coast • There was an increase in the production of corn and wheat in order to feed the soldiers

Social Effects of the Civil War • Greater responsibilities for women and children during the war • Do you think the population of Texas increased or declined during the Civil War? Be able to explain your answer. • Answer: Declined during the Civil War / increased after • Loss of family members • Union supporters were treated with hostility

Reconstruction in Texas Did the Reconstruction period take place before or after the Civil War? Answer: After (1865 -1874)

Make a Three Column Chart Title: Reconstruction Effects Political Economic Social

Political Effects • In the early 1800’s Free African Americans could own property, but enslaved African Americans had no rights at all! • Reconstruction Amendments – 13 th Amendment (1865) Abolished slavery – 14 th Amendment (1868) all persons born in the U. S. (except Native Americans) were citizens and that all citizens were entitled to equal rights regardless of their race. – 15 th Amendment (1870) All men, regardless of race, were allowed to vote.

Economic Effects • Growth of tenant farming and sharecropping • Expansion of Railroad –Prior to the Civil War, the Railroad was common in the North but was lacking in the South • Cattle industry booms

Social Effects • Juneteenth – June 19 th, 1865 – Emancipation Day in Texas (African Americans learn they are free) • Freedmen’s bureau established

Significant Individuals and Events Concerning Texas and the Civil War

Significant Individuals • John B. Magruder • Commanded Confederate forces in the Battle of Galveston – Retook Galveston by attacking Union ships using steamboats converted to gunboats by lining the sides with cotton bales to protect the gunmen

Battle of Palmito Ranch • 1863 The Union made plans to invade Texas • This battle was fought along the Rio Grande River • It was fought after the surrender of the Confederacy - Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered on April 9, 1865 but Confederate forces did not stop fighting for another month because word spread slowly • There were no military conflicts associated with the Civil War after this battle • victory for the Confederacy

Communication Issues How was Texas affected by communication issues or developments during the Civil War? Answer: Slow communication allowed for continued fighting and delayed the emancipation of enslaved people for weeks after the war ended.

Discussion Question • Should Texas have joined the Confederacy or stayed with the Union? • Explain your answer

Structure and Functions of Government

City Government Make a Bubble Map • Structure – Mayor, Council, City Manager • Function – – Provides police and fire protection – Emergency medical services (ambulances) – Constructs sewer and water lines – Inspects structures for health and safety – Establishes zoning rules for construction

Sources of Revenue for State and Local Government Make a Bubble Map • State and local governments are funded by taxes • Property Tax – A tax based on the value of your property • Sales Tax – A consumption tax set at 6. 25% (Cities, Counties, Etc. may impose and additional 2%) largest source of tax revenue

Rights of Texas Citizens Rights defined in the Texas Constitution and Texas Bill of Rights

Article One of the Texas Constitution (Texas Bill of Rights) Make a Bubble Map • Freedom of Worship ( attend or support any No man shall be forced to place of worship) • Freedom of speech and press • Freedom of assembly • Protection from unreasonable searches and seizures • Equality under the law • Fair trial and rights of the accused in criminal prosecutions • Rights of Crime Victims ( They shall be notified of court proceedings as well as the conviction, sentence, imprisonment, and release of the accused)

Principles of the Constitution • Study the following principles from your vocabulary: • Checks and balances • Separation of powers • Popular sovereignty • Individual rights • federalism