The Civil War Events Leading up American History

The Civil War Events Leading up… American History I Unit 4 – R. M. Tolles

The North and Slavery North and South were two different cultures in one country North could not tolerate Slavery, and Southerners believed the north was sticking their nose where it doesn’t belong Freeport Doctrine held that people in the territories could keep slavery out of their state by refusing to pass laws to regulate and enforce slavery. North was still prejudice against African Americans, many northern workers feared the end of slavery would mean competition for northern jobs.

President Franklin Pierce – 14 th President Millard Fillmore – 13 th President James Buchanan – 15 th

1849 – California ASKED to be a free state Henry Clay propose the Compromise of 1850 1. California as a free state 2. New Mexico and Utah would decide for themselves 3. Texas would release New Mexico for $10 Million 4. Fugitive Slave Act – all US citizens would have to help return slaves – South wanted this the most. Compromise of 1850

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

Tensions “From the rattle with which the nurse tickles the ear of the child born in the south to the shroud which covers the cold form of the dead, every thing comes from the North…” – The South recognized prior to the war its dependence on Northern products. Even when the debate died down over slavery, issues would bring it back to the forefront – Tallmadge Amendment brought up the issue of slavery in old and new territories. The South simply

“Bleeding Kansas” Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)

The Kansas Turns Violent People who opposed slavery were called Free Soilers When a vote took place in Kansas, free soilers flooded into the state from the North, while pro-slavery people flooded in from Missouri. Made two capitals (pro-Slavery at Lecompton and antislavery at Topeka) Southerners looted a anti-slavery newspaper building John Brown (idiot believed that he was God’s chosen instrument to end slavery) responded by leading several settlers to the pro-slavery town of Pottawatomie Creek on May 24, 1856 Brown woke 5 families and made the families watch as they slaughtered the men Murder and Raids immediately started in Kansas

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr? Mural in the Kansas Capitol building by John Steuart Curry (20 c)

“The Meteor of the War” Harpers Ferry Tried to start a Slave insurrection John Brown tried to raid an arsenal to give weapons to slaves to rebel. Robert E. Lee shut him down. Killing most of his men, and executing Brown Would cause the rise of the Southern Militia, which would form the eventual Southern Army Calls for open war and secession

“The Crime Against Kansas” Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA) Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC)

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857 1856 – Democrat James Buchanan became president Dred Scott v. Sanford – Scott said he was a slave, taken to a free state. Said he was free. Supreme Court said “No”… making it impossible to ban slavery, and thus saying that the Missouri Compromise was

The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party] ß Nativists. ß Anti-Catholics. ß Anti-immigrants. 1849 Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.

NYC Draft Riots, (July 13 -16, 1863)

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

1860 Presidential Election √ Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

President Abraham Lincoln

The South Secedes South furious a President can be picked without a single southern vote, the election resulted in seven states leaving the union. South Carolina was the first to leave. Then six others left. Called themselves the Confederate States of America Elected Jefferson Davis as their President Fort Sumter in South Carolina, was still full of Federal Troops. Instead of fighting, Lincoln just re-supplied it The South attacked the fort, and took it over. Lincoln Declared War. The rest of the South (N. C. ) joined the confederacy.

Crittenden Compromise: A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity Senator John J. Crittenden (Know-Nothing-KY)

Rating the North & the South

Resources

The “Anaconda” Plan = North South = War of Attrition, European intervention, Defensive War

Population percentage Union States 23, 000 71. 88 Union States Confederate States 9, 000 28. 13 Confederate States TOTAL 32, 000 100 TOTAL percentage 2, 000 71. 43 Union States 22, 000 70. 97 800, 000 28. 57 Confederate States 9, 000 29. 03 100 TOTAL 31, 000 100 percentage Troops Union States Confederate States TOTAL 2, 800, 000 War Causalities Land Area percentage 2, 250, 000 75 750, 000 25 3, 000 100 Miles of RR Track percentage Union States 360, 000 60 Confederate States 240, 000 40 TOTAL 600, 000 100 Advantages vs Disadvantages