Bell Ringer 102918 Do you believe a Civil

Bell Ringer: 10/29/18 • Do you believe a Civil War is worse than a foreign war for a country? Explain. • Reminders: – Bell Ringers due Fri. – Battles assignment due Fri (present)

Section 11. 1: The Civil War Begins • • By March 1861 SEVEN states had seceded to form the Confederate States of America: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas. Lincoln inauguration (March 1861): He states that he will not interfere with slavery where it existed During the secession crisis that followed President Abraham Lincoln’s election in November 1860, many threats were made to Federal troops occupying forts in the South. The Confederacy had claimed several U. S. Forts and demanded U. S. forces out of Fort Sumter. (Charleston, South Carolina) Lincoln does not abandon Fort Sumter, but decides to reinforce it and send in “food for the hungry men. ” Jefferson Davis faced a dilemma; do nothing and damage the image of the Confederacy OR order an attack and turn a peaceful secession into war. Davis has decides to attack Fort Sumter (April 12 th 1861)

Section 11. 1: The Civil War Begins • • Virginia (ironworks and navy yard) chooses to secede from the Union in April 1861 following the battle of Fort Sumter. Devastating loss for Union. By May 1861: Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina secede (11 total) Western counties of Virginia (anti-slave) seceded from Virginia to form West Virginia (1863) BORDER STATES: Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri (slave states) remained in Union, although many citizens in states fought for Confederacy.

Section 11. 1: Americans Expect Short War The Union (North) • • • 22. 7 million (population) 92% of manufactured goods 71% of railroads 4 million in military/ Strong naval tradition Ironclad ships: Monitor Generals: • George Mc. Clellan (Head General) – Very cautious – Lincoln wanted to “borrow Mc. Clellan’s army if the general wasn’t going to use it. ” • Ulysses S. Grant – “Unconditional Surrender” – Shiloh (Confederates surprise Union, Union wins 25, 000 men die in one day. • David Farragut – Seized New Orleans (largest seaport) Anaconda Plan: military strategy proposed by Union General Winfield Scott 1. Blockade Southern ports – no exporting cotton or importing manufactured goods 2. Split Confederacy in 2 by using the Mississippi River 3. Capture Richmond, VA

Section 11. 1: Americans Expect Short War The Confederacy (South) • • • 9. 28 million (population) 8% of manufactured goods 29% of railroads Better generals/soldiers eager to fight 1. 5 million military Ironclad ship: Merrimack Generals: • Robert E. Lee (Head General) - Opposed secession and freed his slaves - Fighting for home state of Virginia • Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson • Been successful at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville • Stood like stonewall (First Battle of Bull Run) • South had a strong military tradition and many military colleges • Capital moved from Montgomery Alabama, to Richmond Virginia • Southerners fighting for their homeland

Civil War Battles Research Assignment

Bell Ringer: 10/30/18 Which side do you think had more to lose in the Civil War? Why? Reminders: – Bell ringers due Fri. – Battles assignment due Fri.

Civil War Battles Research Assignment

Bell Ringer: 10/31/18 If you were Jefferson Davis (President of Confederacy) would you have chosen to go to war against the United States? Explain. Reminders: -Bell ringers due Fri. - Battles assignment due Fri.

Section 11. 3: Life During Wartime The Union (North) Northern Economy: • Industry boomed to keep up with war demand • Wages were NOT good • Women replaced men in the workforce • Established temporary national income tax African Americans: • By 1862 able serve in the military • 10% of the Union Army • Earned less then white soldiers – then equal Camps/Prisons: • Soldiers: Hygiene was poor, lice, dysentery and diarrhea • Poor food rations/malnourished • Northern camps were cold

Section 11. 3: Life During Wartime The Confederacy (South) Southern Economy: • Drain of manpower into the army • Union occupation of farms • Loss of slaves • Blockade created shortages of salt, coffee, nails, sugar, needles and medicine African Americans: • Many left for North. If caught killed. • Sabotaged farms or led uprisings Camps/Prisons: • Soldiers: Hygiene was poor, lice, dysentery and diarrhea • Poor food rations/malnourished • Andersonville, GA – Confederate camp – Overcrowded with Northern who refused to return African-American soldiers – No shelter – Drank from streams/sewer

Bell Ringer: 11/1/18 If you were a slave in the Confederacy, would you have taken the chance to escape to the North? Explain. • Reminders: – Bell Ringers due tomorrow! – Battles assignment due tomorrow!

Section 11. 2: The Politics of War • Britain Remains Neutral : No longer depended on South for cotton rather on the North for wheat and corn • Disloyalty and dissent in the North: – Lincoln seizing telegraphs/ Habeas corpus was suspended – Copperheads-Northern Democrats advocate for peace • The Draft: – South: • white men ages 17 – 50 • “Rich man’s war, poor man’s fight” – North • Men from 20 – 45 for three years • Hire substitutes or page $ 300 to avoid draft • Drafted to fight and free slave = slaves taking their jobs • New York City Draft Riots: Lynched 11/ ruined homes & draft offices

Section 11. 2: The Emancipation Proclamation What was it? - An executive order issued by Abraham Lincoln on September 22 nd 1862. Lincoln believed the federal government did not have the power to abolish slavery where it already existed. What would this order do? - The Emancipation Proclamation granted freedom to the slaves in the Confederate States if the States did not return to the Union by January 1, 1863. – In addition, under this proclamation, freedom would only come to the slaves if the Union won the war. – Cripple Confederacy by freeing slaves. • Impacts? – The Proclamation made abolition a central goal of the war. – Did not apply to Union states where slavery was legal – Freed blacks were able to enlist in the Union Army (building up Union army)

Who freed the slaves? Lincoln or slaves themselves?

Follow Up Questions: Emancipation Proclamation • What are the arguments on either side? • Did Lincoln free the slaves or did the slaves free themselves? • Why does it matter whether or not Lincoln was truly bothered by slavery, as Douglass claims?

Bell Ringer: 11/2/18 • Do you believe the Emancipation Proclamation changed the course of the Civil War? Do you think things would have ended different if Lincoln had not issued this order? • Reminders: – Textbooks Monday!

Bell Ringer: 11/5/18 How did slaves aid the fight for freedom in the South? • Reminders: – Bell ringers due Friday – Civil War projects due Friday.

Section 11. 4: The North Takes Charge • The Battle of Shiloh (April 6 -7 th 1862): – Grants mistakes: No trenches, guards or patrols – Union caught off guard – Union was losing – Grant recouped & was reinforced – South retreated. Union wins. – Over 25, 000 casualties – Effects on warfare: scout the area, dig trenches & build forts • The Road to Gettysburg: – “Stonewall” Jackson shot and later died – South invaded the North: looking for supplies: shoe factory in Gettysburg

Section 11. 4: The Turning Point of the War • The Battle of Gettysburg (July 1 -3 rd 1863): – Most decisive battle of the war – Union troops took defensive position – Lead by Gen. George Meade – 51, 000 casualties – South would never recover • The Gettysburg Address (November 19 th 1863): – Helped people realize the US is a country, not a collection of states

Section 11. 4: The North Takes Charge Southern Morale: – Farmers resented tax. Fighting within government. – Soldiers deserted/some fought for Union Battle of Vicksburg: (May 18 - July 4 th 1863): – Confederate soldiers were desperate – Surrendered to Grant on July 4 1863 – Union had complete control of the Mississippi Sherman’s March to the Sea (December 21 st 1864): – William Tecumseh Sherman wanted to take out transportation in Atlanta. Burned most of Atlanta – He was surrounded by Confederate army – Led path of destruction and lived off of the land – Southerners would be “so sick of war that generations would pass away before they would again appeal to it. ” – Used tactic of “total war”

Section 11. 4: The Election of 1864 and Surrender of the Confederacy Election of 1864: – George Mc. Clellan (D) vs. Abraham Lincoln (R) – Many Republicans think Lincoln was too easy on Confederacy (Ten-Percent Plan) – Lincoln wins 55% of vote. The Surrender of the Confederacy: – Davis abandoned and burned capital. – Lee surrendered to Grant at the Appomattox Courthouse on April 9 th 1865 – Generous terms for reentry into the Union by Lincoln • Ten-Percent Plan, which specified that a southern state could be readmitted into the Union once 10 percent of its voters (from the voter rolls for the election of 1860) swore an oath of allegiance to the Union. The Assassination of President Lincoln: • April 14, 1865, President Lincoln was shot and killed by John Wilkes Booth, a Southern sympathizer. – Andrew Johnson becomes the 17 th President.

Lincoln Through the Presidency

Section 11. 5: The Legacy of the War: – Increased federal governments political power – National Bank of 1863: chartered banks, requirements for loans – Economic gap between North and South Lives Change: – – 13 th Amendment ratified (abolish slavery) 14 th. Amendment ratified (equal protection) 15 th Amendment ratified (voting rights African Americans) Red Cross established in 1881(Clara Barton) New Issues: BEFORE: slavery and succession AFTER: How to restore the Southern states to the Union and integrate nearly 4 million newly freed African Americans Cost of War: – 620, 000 died 535, 000 wounded – 1 soldier killed for every 4 slaves freed – $ 3. 3 billion (four years of War)

Bell Ringer: 11/6/18 Of the Civil War Amendments (13/14/15) which do you believe to be the most important? Why? • Reminders: – Bell ringers due Friday – Civil War projects due Friday.

Bell Ringer: 11/7/18 • Do you think Abraham Lincoln was too easy on the Confederacy in regards to rejoining the Union? • Reminders: – Bell ringers due Friday – Civil War projects due Friday.

Bell Ringer: 11/8/18 “ He leaves for America’s history and biography, so far, not only its most dramatic reminiscence- he leaves, in my opinion, the greatest…personality… By many has this Union been, help’d; but if one name, one man, must be pick’d out, he, most of all, is the conservator of it, to the future. He was assassinated- but the Union is not assassinated. ” Do you agree or disagree about Lincoln’s legacy? Why? • Reminders: – Bell ringers due Friday – Civil War projects due Friday.

Bell Ringer: 11/9/18 • What political and social issues from the Civil War era do you think are still issues today? Use support from notes. • Reminders: – Textbooks Monday! – Exam 9 -12 (Thursday 11/15)

• • Bull Run 1861 Inexperienced generals Stonewall Jackson Union had upper hand until Confederate reinforcement arrived • Union retreated • Led to confidence in the South

Antietam • Mc. Clellan’s Army found Lee’s army order in a meadow – Revealed that Lee and Jackson’s army were separated • September 17, 1862 • Mc. Clellan attacked Lee – Lee retreated • Mc. Clellan did not pursue because he was too cautious • Bloodiest battle in the war 26, 000 • Mc. Clellan was fired 11/7/1862

Shiloh • Grants mistakes – No trenches, guards or patrols • Caught off guard: Confederates came by woods • Union was losing – Grant recouped & was reinforced • South retreated • Over 25, 000 casualties • Effects on warfare: scout the area, did trenched & build forts

The Road to Gettysburg • South had been successful at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville • “Stonewall” Jackson shot and later died • South invaded the North – Looking for supplies – Shoe factory in Gettysburg

Gettysburg • Most decisive battle of the war • Union troops took defensive position • Lead by Gen. George Meade

Gettysburg • 3 -day battle • 51, 000 casualties • South would never recover

Gettysburg Address • Dedication to cemetery Nov 19 th 1863 • Delivered by Lincoln • Helped people realize the US is a country, not a collection of states

Vicksburg • Confederate soldiers were desperate • Surrendered to Grant on July 4 1863 • Union had complete control of the Mississippi

Sherman’s March • December 21 st 1864 • William Tecumseh Sherman wanted to take out transportation in Atlanta • He was surrounded by Confederate army • Led path of destruction and lived off of the land • Burned most of Atlanta • Southerners would be “so sick of war that generations would pass away before they would again appeal to it. ”

“On to Richmond!” • Known as the “Seven Days’ Battle” • Mc. Clellan marched down the Potomac River on the way to Richmond • Robert E. Lee moved against Mc. Clellan to save Richmond • Tactics unnerved Mc. Clellan who backed away

Cost of War • 620, 000 died 535, 000 wounded • 1 soldier killed for every 4 slaves freed • $ 3. 3 billion (four years of War)