The Age of Imperialism policy of conquering and

The Age of Imperialism = policy of conquering and ruling other lands

What is Imperialism? • The seizure (takeover) of a country or territory by a stronger country • Why do Europeans do this? – Industrialization sparks the need for: • Land perfect for establishing trading and military posts • Natural resources and raw materials • New markets for products

What is Imperialism? • Europeans want to control all aspects of their colonies – Politics – Society – Economy – Culture and customs

BRITAIN WAS #1 • Mid-1800 s Britain was most powerful nation in World. – Its factories produced more goods than any other country. – British Navy guarded ships so goods could be shipped safely to ports around the globe. – British banks loaned entrepreneurs money to build factories, mines, railroads. • By late 1800 s, Germany & US challenged Britain’s economic leadership. • Faced with possible decline, Britain looked to colonies for markets & resources.

Competition fostered rivalries • Other countries followed Britain’s lead • Saw colonies as necessary for economic well-being. – French and Dutch expanded their holdings – by 1900 France had an empire second in size only to Britain’s. • Two non-European countries, US & Japan, became involved in imperialism. • Empire viewed as a measure of national stature. • Thus, the race for colonies grew out of a strong sense of national pride as well as from economic competition.

Read this selection from Rudyard Kipling’s The White Man's Burden and answer the questions: Take up the White Man's burden-Send forth the best ye breed-Go bind your sons to exile 1. What does he mean by “the White Man’s Burden”? 2. What was the exile of which he spoke? To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild 3. What does the word captives indicate?

Scramble for Africa Ch. 11, Section 1

I. The Scramble for Africa • Africa Before European Dominion – Divided into hundreds of ethnic groups – Followed traditional beliefs, Islam or Christianity – Nations ranged from large empires to independent villages – Africans controlled their own trade networks – Europeans only had contact on African coasts

The Scramble for Africa (cont) • Nations compete for overseas empires – Europeans wanted more land • Contained large amounts of gold, diamonds, and rubber – Africa was a mystery to many – Europeans who penetrated Africa were: • Explorers – seeking wealth and notoriety • Missionaries – trying to convert Africans to Christianity • Humanitarians – “westernize” the “savages”

Forces Driving Imperialism • Belief in European superiority – Racism – Social Darwinism • Factors Promoting Imperialism in Africa – European technological superiority – Europeans had means to control Africans – New medicines prevent diseases

Europe believed in its own superiority • Following Industrial Revolution, Europeans regarded new technology as proof they were better than other people. • This attitude is reflection of racism • Europeans believed they had the right and duty to bring results of their progress to other countries. • Some of this push for expansion came from missionaries. – Dr. David Livingstone,

The Division of Africa The Berlin Conference (1884) – Europeans leaders divide Africa – No African ruler invited – Little or no thought about the complex differences in ethnic groups – By 1914 – Only independent nations • Liberia • Ethiopia

According to this cartoon, which European countries were fighting for a position in Africa? How did the Berlin Conference lead to the situation shown in the cartoon?

• “Pure philanthropy is very well in its way but philanthropy plus five percent is a good deal better. ” • "I contend that we are the first race in the world, and that the more of the world we inhabit the better it is for the human race. . . If there be a God, I think that what he would like me to do is paint as much of the map of Africa British Red as possible. . . “ • "Remember that you are an Englishman, and have consequently won first prize in the lottery of life. "

From Cape to Cairo "Why should we not form a secret society with but one object, the furtherance of the British Empire and the bringing of the whole world under British rule, for the recovery of the United States, for making the Anglo Saxon race but one Empire? What a dream, but yet it is probable, it is possible. "

The Division of Africa • The Lure of Wealth – Discovery of gold, diamonds increases interest in colonization • Berlin Conference Divides Africa – 14 nations agree on rules for division – countries must claim land & prove ability to control it – By 1914, only Liberia & Ethiopia free of European control • Demand for Raw Materials Shapes Colonies – Raw materials are greatest source of wealth in Africa – Farmers quit growing food and start growing cashcrops

• In Africa – Technological Superiority • Weapons, Transportation, Quinine – Diversity of Africa • languages, culture • Lots of internal wars over land, water, trade

Before & After Berlin

3 Groups Clash over South Africa • Zulus Fight the British – 1816 Shaka (Zulu chief) creates centralized state • Boers & British Settle in the Cape – Boers take Africans’ land, establish large farms – Boers clash with British over land, slaves – move north to escape British and clash with Zulus • The Boer War – Between British, Boers – British win

Types of Imperialism • Methods of Management – Direct Control • Paternalism – Europeans provide for local people but grant no rights • Assimilation – adaptation of local people to ruling culture – Indirect Control • Limited self-rule for local governments • Legislative body includes colonial & local officials

Types of Imperialism • Forms of Control – Colony • Governed by a foreign power – Protectorate • Governs itself, but under outside control – Sphere of Influence • Outside power controls investments & trading – Economic Imperialism • Private business interests assert control

Leopold & Belgium

Leopold & Belgium

The Belgian Congo

The Belgian Congo

The Belgian Congo

Leopold’s Legacy • http: //video. google. com/videoplay? docid=4748355130635434378#