Imperialism Imperialism Defintion Imperialism a policy or ideology
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Imperialism
Imperialism Defintion • Imperialism • a policy or ideology of extending a country's rule over foreign nations, often by military force or by gaining political and economic control of other areas. • Colonialism • A system of settlement and domination of a particular territory • Hegemony • leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others.
3 waves of expansionism • Age of exploration • Consequence of Scientific Revolution • “New Imperialism” (19 th-20 th Centuries) • Consequence of Industrial Revolution • Invest extra cash money • Find new sources of energy and raw materials • New markets for products • Cheap labor • Globalization
Two types of rule • Direct • Indirect • Exploitation Colonies • • • Most common Metropole governed and exploits economy of colony Plantations, mining using indigenous labor Monopoly of resources and trade Ex: India • Settlement Colonies • • Good climate, small population Moved and settled permanently Governments had some level of autonomy Ex: Canada, Australia, S. Africa Union • Protectorates and Mandates • Recognized and organized states occupied by metropole • Ex: Egypt • Concessions • Metropoles obtained commercial advantages of countries that were independent • Free ports in those countries (Hong Kong, Macau)
Motives for expansion • Social • • • Political Cultural Economic
Industrial Revolution Source for Raw Materials Economic Political Markets for Manufactured Goods European Motives For Imperialism Social Darwinism The belief that your race is the “fittest” and should take over others “White Man’s Burden” Jingoism Social Ethnocentrism And Racism Cultural Missionary; Religious Conversion Nationalist Competition among European Rivals Military Naval & Trade Bases “White Man’s Burden” Humanitarian Activity
European Expansion • Scramble for Africa • Berlin Conference (1885) • No Africans were invited • Carving up Asia • Chinese concessions • Colonialization • GB: Singapore, Malaysia, Burma • France: Indochina (Vietnam) • Netherlands: Indonesia • Japan: Kuriles, Korea, Manchuria • Russia: Siberia
European Expansion • By 1914, Europe controlled 96% of Africa • Europe’s success…why?
Conflicts from Imperialism • Opium Wars (1839– 1842, 1856– 1860) • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=y. Wy. EB 9 cp. IPw • European trade control in isolationist China/Qing dynasty • Sepoy Rebellion (1857– 1859) • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Sz. Bj 4 LN 6 h. Mg • Forced to make bullets with fat, against beliefs • The Zulu War (1879) • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=-k. F 2 K 7 Lobjg • Cetshwayo refused to submit to British hegemony; British ended up annexing Zululand • Spanish-American War (1898) • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Smam. ZOAAJ 0 M • Monroe Doctrine and Roosevelt Corollary; led to colonization of pacific • Boxer Rebellion (1899 -1901) • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Jv 68 w 6 KEwqk • Righteous and Harmonious Fists (Yihequan) v. Foreign Powers
Asia Expansion • Japan • Korea: raw materials, farmland, and security. • China: raw materials, market, farmland. • Hokkaido: farmland, lumber, other resources. • Okinawa: resources and security. • Sino-Japanese War (1894 -1895) • control of Korea • Japan won the war; gained control of Taiwan. • The Russo-Japanese War (1904 -1905) • control of portions of Manchuria and Korea. • TR won Nobel Prize for negotiating treaty
US Expansion • • Monroe Doctrine Hawaii (Sandwich Islands) Puerto Rico Guam Cuba Philippines Panama Middle East
• little or no legitimate well-researched Yellow Journalism • eye-catching headlines • exaggerations of news events, scandal-mongering, or sensationalism
Post-WWI Imperialism • In general, Imperialism weakened and slowed • several power vacuums existed • Breakup of Ottoman Empire by Britain and France • PMC-Permanent Mandate Commission • Created Spheres of Influence • Sykes-Picot Agreement • Balfour Declaration