The 8 PARTS OF SPEECH An Overview Parts

The 8 PARTS OF SPEECH An Overview

Parts of Speech ü Determining parts of speech is nothing more than determining the function/job a particular word has in a sentence. They all play a role in the sentence, and one word might be a noun one time and a verb the next. ü Let’s take the word run for example. ü Let’s go on a RUN after school. (NOUN) ü I will RUN to the cafeteria to be first in line (VERB)

NOUNS person, place, thing, idea ü Common: chair, pencil, school ü Proper: Woodward Academy ü Concrete: desk, Aunt Lulu ü Abstract: freedom, love ü Compound: firefighter ü Collective: class, herd

PRONOUNS ü Pronouns, for the most part, take the place of nouns. ü There actually several different kinds of pronouns, and they are used much more than most people realize.

PERSONAL PRONOUNS the basics ü FIRST PERSON: I, me, my, mine, we, ours, us ü SECOND PERSON: you, yours ü THIRD PERSON: he, she, its, him, hers, they, theirs, them

DEMONSTRATIVE ü THIS, THAT, THESE, and THOSE ü ONLY used in place of nouns (be aware of Demonstrative Adjectives - don’t use them before a noun). üTHIS is my book. üTHAT is yours. üTHESE are my pickles. üTHOSE are his shoes.

INTERROGATIVE ü WHAT, WHICH, WHOM, AND WHOSE ü And like all interrogatives, they start questions: üWHAT are you doing? üWHO do you think you are?

RELATIVE ü WHO, WHOM, WHOSE, WHICH, THAT ü These look like interrogative pronouns, but they do NOT ask questions. ü They begin clauses that add more info to a sentence: ü My students, WHO are the best and brightest, love relative pronouns. ü The vegetables THAT are the healthiest are the green ones.

INDEFINITE ü An indefinite pronoun refers to something that is not definite or specific or exact. ü The indefinite pronouns include but are not limited to the following: üall, another, any, each, everybody, everyone, everything, few, many, nobody, none, several, somebody, either, neither

ADJECTIVES ü Adjectives modify nouns & pronouns ü They tell WHICH ONE, WHAT KIND, and HOW MANY üWHICH ONE: this book or that one üWHAT KIND: the red ball, the tall kid üHOW MANY: two kids, several moments

DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES: this, that, these, and those ü They are also pronouns - so be careful how you use them. ü To use them as an adjective, place them directly before a noun: üTHIS book is so good. üTHOSE pencils should be put away.

VERBS ü Express ACTION or a STATE OF BEING (linking). üACTION: cry, leap, laugh, run üSTATE OF BEING: is, seems, looks, appears

HELPING VERBS ü Many people are confused about the difference between LINKING and HELPING verbs - and for good reason: many of the words are the same (is, are, can, could…). ü HELPING verbs help both ACTION & LINKING verbs, while LINKING stand alone. ü HELPING: I WILL walk to my class. ü LINKING: I AM a teacher.

ADVERBS ü Adverbs modify verbs, adverbs, and adjectives. ü They answer the questions how, why, when, where, to what extent, and under what condition. ü They often end in -LY (badly, gracefully), but they do not have to. ü Words like soon, there, & very are common adverbs that do not end in -ly.

PREPOSITIONS ü Prepositions express relationships between other words. ü They are ALWAYS in a phrase (hint: if you see one alone, it’s an adverb). ü In the pool, near the school, over the roof, around the fence ü COMPOUND PREPS include because of, in addition to, instead of

CONJUNCTIONS ü Conjunction, what’s your function? ü TO CONNECT words, phrases, & clauses ü There are two main kinds: coordinating & correlative

COORDINATING & CORRELATIVE ü COORDINATING are the FANBOYS: or, and, nor, but, or yet, so ü CORRELATIVE work with a partner either… or neither… nor not only… but also

INTERJECTIONS ü Words used to add feeling or emphasis to (usually) the beginning of a sentence. They can be followed by a comma or a conjunction. ü Wow! ü Hey! ü Awww,