Protecting Ground Water via Pesticide Registration in New
- Slides: 48
Protecting Ground Water via Pesticide Registration in New York Presentation to the Cornell Pesticide Users March 29, 2013 Soil & Water Group Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering
Outline Overview: Pesticides in groundwater Upstate monitoring by county Vulnerable formations: karst New initiatives Outreach
Long Island pesticide data: tracing past contamination hi Sampling intensity low
Pesticide detection patterns in Suffolk County groundwater Preliminary: Percentage of pesticide analyses reported as above detection limit From data Suffolk County submitted to New York State, 2000 -2010
Current Pesticide Use in NY Derived from New York Pesticide Sales and Use Reporting system published data.
Mobility & persistence are combined in the Groundwater Ubiquity Score (GUS) factor Low Very Low High Medium Very High * Imazethapyr * Carbofuran * Atrazine * Alachlor * Chlorothalonil * Glyphosate
Pesticide use weighted by GUS
Upstate monitoring strategy Not looking for: • Average groundwater concentrations • Spills or violations But rather sampling well water in areas deemed vulnerable due to: • high pesticide use • groundwater (soil/aquifer) characteristics that favor transport
Working premise If well water in vulnerable areas is of good quality, then we can have high confidence that well water in less vulnerable areas is also of good quality Cortland County cornfield that dominates hill above shallow wells
Outline Overview: Pesticides in groundwater Upstate monitoring by county Karst formations New initiatives Outreach
County-based sampling Genesee Wayne Cayuga Schenectady Cortland Orange Partnering with local S&WCD’s, WQCC and DOH
Testing for. . . DEC lab (to 2009): 93 active ingredients DEC lab since 2010: shorter priority list of 51 AIs and degradates (metabolites) Cornell Soil & Water Laboratory: -- Selected active ingredients using higher resolution ELISA immunoassay methods -- Nitrates, anions (IC)
Findings in six counties. . . DEC broad-based scans: One detection of one active ingredient in 240 samples (reporting limits 1 μg/L (1 ppb) or less). Degradation products detected in 5 of 41 wells tested in Wayne County No exceedance of any of 15 NYS ground water standards or guidance levels
Wayne County wells with detections or high NO 3 -N Land use: CC - corn/grain cash crop rotation O - orchards (apple) M -muckland vegetables W - wooded Depth Land Use NO 3 -N (ft) (mg/L) 1 2 Metolachlor (µg/L) OA ESA Alachlor ESA (µg/L) Atrazine (µg/L) 4 -6 O CC 14 ND < 0. 1 ND 40 -45 CC W 24 4. 6 ND < 0. 1 trace<0. 1 40 CC O ND < 0. 1 0. 2 ND < 0. 1 ND 42 CC O <0. 5 1 0. 2 0. 6 0. 1 ND 12 M CC 1 0. 2 ND < 0. 1 ND 22 CC O <0. 5 0. 1 1. 9 ND < 0. 1 trace <0. 1
Cornell ELISA assay results for select AI’s
Nitrates typical for rural NY * * SO 4 interference
Interpretation to date Upstate rural wells – even vulnerable shallow wells surrounded by fields and having elevated nitrate – are in good shape relative to current groundwater pesticide standards. There are frequent low traces of atrazine and some metolachlor in agricultural areas, as found nationally.
Ongoing county-level work Revisiting selected wells in view of: Improved DEC lab reporting limits (0. 1 ppb starting with Wayne Co. ) Addition of key pesticide degradation products (metabolites) which can have greater mobility and/or toxicity than original AI Time-of-sampling studies – repeated at several month intervals (Orange County)
Questions so far? Overview: Pesticides in groundwater Upstate monitoring by county Karst formations New initiatives Outreach
Karst (carbonate) ground water Objective: determine if karst requires special registration consideration Genesee county hydrogeologic setting Interim results
Lots of carbonate in Upstate NY Dark hatching is carbonate; Source: USGS
Karst: Solution conduits in limestone
Carbonate western NY
Genesee karst Flow in limestone; losing reaches
Genesee karst: sampling sites
Genesee karst: sampling depths Onondaga Unconf Shale
Genesee karst: 16 months overall: atrazine 5/22 detects to 0. 05 ppb 7/19 detects 0/9 detects Metolachlor similar: 6/13, 5/11, 0/6 respectively
Genesee karst: atrazine seasonality (% of samples) Jun 10 Jul 10 Sep 10 Dec 10 Sep 11 Detect >=0. 1 Trace >=0. 05 ND <0. 05 ppb
Geneva AES limestone?
Questions? Overview: Pesticides in groundwater Upstate monitoring by county Karst formations New initiatives Outreach
Looking ahead: New initiatives I - Lakeshore water supplies II - Greenhouse leaching III - DEC modeling support
Leaching Model Support Objective Assess the standard pesticide environmental fate model toolkit used in the NY registration process. Toolkit = leaching models + conservative environmental scenarios
Modeling tasks • Specify evaluation criteria with DEC • DEC staff workshop – walk through current goals, assumptions, & input scenarios • Stakeholder roundtable – solicit input on model and design scenarios
More modeling tasks • Model and scenario evaluation retrospective cases, new scenarios • DEC workshop to walk through and evaluate findings, make draft recommendations • Report with new model + scenario packages if merited
Leaching models 1980’s traditional LEACHP, PRZM
Leaching models improved 1980’s traditional LEACHP, PRZM 2000’s with preferential Flow paths, tile drains, fragipans, i. e. short circuits and lateral losses to streams
Scenarios: conservative case(s) of usage, soil, climate, and depth to ground water. Do we need new upstate scenarios? Upstate tile drains (Willsboro) Upstate carbonate (Batavia) Long Island (Riverhead)
Willsboro Farm: Atrazine measured in tile drains Concentration Versus time
Recharge Aldicarb at CU Riverhead – simulated with DEC scenario Leachate concentration
Atrazine leaching: thin soil at Batavia Atrazine leaching: Long Island
Questions? Overview: Pesticides in groundwater Upstate monitoring by county Karst formations New initiatives Outreach
Publications • Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation research articles • NY Veg Growers News Events • 2011 Empire Farm Days booth • Cornell in-service training • NY State Soil & Water Conservation Committee • September 2012 Northeast Pesticides C&T Meeting Webpage soilandwater. bee. cornell. edu/Research/pesticides/
http: //soilandwater. bee. cornell. edu/Research/pesticides/
Thanks to Funding NYS DEC NYS WRI directors Keith Porter & Susan Riha, who delegated to BEE County Partners Cortland, Schenectady, Orange, Cayuga, Genesee, and Wayne County Soil & Water Conservation Districts. Genesee County Health Dept. Many private well owners. Karst partner: Paul Richards, College at Brockport, Dept of Earth Sciences Cornell Pesticide Management Education Program for help using the PSUR database NYS Soil & Water Conservation Committee for early endorsement Cornell students Ian Toevs, Tony Salvucci, Ben Liu, Sophia Garcia, Mike Sinkevich, Ivy Tsoi, Zia Ahmed, Sheila Saia, Austin Merboth, Cedric Mason
Thank You!
Contacts Brian Richards (bkr 2@cornell. edu) Steve Pacenka (sp 17@cornell. edu) Tammo Steenhuis (tss 1@cornell. edu) http: //soilandwater. bee. cornell. edu/Research/ pesticides/
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