Unit 7 Biodiversity Monday February 8 th Friday

Unit 7 : Biodiversity Monday February 8 th - Friday February 12 th Ms. Cherry Environmental Science February 8 th – February 12 th 2016 2 nd Semester (3 rd Nine Weeks)

Monday February 8 th Bell Ringer: In your own words, define biodiversity. Learning Target: I will be able to explain the importance of biodiversity and discuss the ways to protect biodiversity loss. Standard: SC. 912. L. 17. 11, SC. 912. L. 15. 3, SC. 912. L. 17. 13, and SC. 912. L. 16. 10 Objective: 1. Motivational Monday 2. Unit 7 Vocabulary Pre-Test 3. 7. 1 Mini Lecture Guided Notes 4. Introduce Menu Activity Exit Slip HW: Review notes from our mini lecture today.

Biodiversity is… The variety of life across all levels of ecological organization.

IN THE NEWS https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Em. NWWZCW 80 Q http: //voices. nationalgeographic. com/2014/02/12/illegal-tigertrade-why-tigers-are-walking-gold/

Motivational Monday

Unit 7: Biodiversity and Conservation

Saving the Siberian Tiger • Siberian tigers are one of five remaining tiger subspecies. • In the early 20 th century, hunting and habitat loss reduced the wild population to just 20– 30 animals. • Conservation efforts have helped the wild population rebound to 450– 500 today. Talk About It What are the benefits of wildlife conservation? Are there drawbacks?

Lesson 7. 1 Our Planet of Life There are more known species of insects than any other form of life. Among known insect species, 4% are beetles.

Lesson 7. 1 Our Planet of Life Biodiversity • Describes the variety of life across all levels of ecological organization • Includes three types: • Genetic diversity: Differences in DNA among individuals and provides the raw material for adaptation to local conditions. • Species diversity: Variety of species in a given area. Speciation increases species diversity. • Ecosystem diversity: Variety of habitats, ecosystems, communities Genetic Diversity Species Diversity Ecosystem Diversity

Lesson 7. 1 Our Planet of Life Classification • Taxonomists classify species based on physical appearance and genetic makeup. • Species are placed into a hierarchy of taxonomic groups: • • • Genus Family Order Phylum Kingdom Domain • Taxonomic groups reflect evolutionary relationships among species. • Below the species level, organisms may fall into subspecies—populations with genetically based characteristics that differ area to area.

Lesson 7. 1 Our Planet of Life Biodiversity Distribution • There are likely between 5 and 30 million species on Earth. • Species can be difficult to find and identify. • Species are not evenly distributed globally, among taxonomic groups, or within a given geographic area. Did You Know? In general, biodiversity increases toward the equator. Orangutan in an Indonesian rain forest

Lesson 7. 1 Our Planet of Life Ecosystem Services • Intact environments provide ecosystem services, such as water purification and pest control. • High biodiversity increases stability of communities and ecosystems, enabling them to perform services. • Stable ecosystems are resistant and resilient. • Resistant: Resist environmental change without losing function • Resilient: Affected by change, but bounce back and regain function Wetlands in Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, Loxahatchee, Florida

Lesson 7. 1 Our Planet of Life Other Benefits of Biodiversity • Agriculture: Wild strains are crossbred with related crops to transfer beneficial traits. The yew tree, an original source of Taxol, a cancer-fighting drug Did You Know? Of the 150 most prescribed drugs in the United States, 118 originated in nature. • Medicine: Organisms contain compounds that are useful for treating disease. • Ecotourism: Environmentally responsible tourism is a source of income for many nations.

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND BIODIVERSITY… WHY IS IT IMPORTANT? https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=BCH 1 Gre 3 Mg 0

THINK. PAIR. SHARE THINK: Companies search the world for organisms that can provide new drugs, foods, medicines, or other valuable products. If a company discovers a compound that could be turned into a billion- dollar drug, who should benefit? PAIR: Let’s get moving! Stand up and move around the classroom to get your blood moving. When the music stops DOUBLE HIGH FIVE the person closest to you. SHARE: Decide who will go first. Person #1 will have 45 seconds to share their thoughts on the above scenario while Person #2 stays quiet and listens. (listen for the timer for time). Person #2 will not share their ideas while the Person #1 quietly listens to them for 45 seconds (listen for the timer). • Do you think the company should have to share any profits with the country in which it found the drug? • Or should the company get to keep all of the money because it made the discovery and performed the research?

MENU ACTIVITY • DUE: Wednesday 2/10 • DUE: Wednesday 2/17 • DUE: Friday 2/19 • Pair/ Share Lunch Menu • Wisdom Walk with Dinner Options Activity on 2/17 Menu Activity on 2/19 • Crossword Puzzle or Options: • All will answer the 5 Concept Map • 20 Question Quiz questions in addition to an (choose 1) • Pome, Song, or option of their choice. • Trade/ Grade on 2/10 Rap Options: • RAFT Letter • Poster Dinner Menu Activity= Summative Grade • Diorama • Tri-fold Brochure You will have some class time, but you will need to complete the majority of this outside of class time. • Storybook

MENU ACTIVITY EXIT TICKET You must choose one item from breakfast, lunch, and dinner menu choices TODAY! YOU MAY NOT CHANGE YOUR MIND LATER

Tuesday February 9 th Bell Ringer: Label the pictures as an example of genetic diversity, species diversity, or ecological diversity. Use your notes or p. 200 in the textbook for extra assistance Learning Target: I will be able to explain the importance of biodiversity and discuss the ways to protect biodiversity loss. Standard: SC. 912. L. 17. 11, SC. 912. L. 15. 3, SC. 912. L. 17. 13, and SC. 912. L. 16. 10 Objective: 1. In the News 2. 7. 2 and 7. 3 Lecture with Guided Notes 3. Bill Nye Biodiversity Video w/ Viewing Sheet (if time permits) 4. Begin “Breakfast” Menu Activity Due: Tomorrow 2/10 HW: Breakfast Menu Activity DUE TOMORROW 2/10

Label the pictures as an example of genetic diversity, species diversity, or ecological diversity. __ a. Genetic Diversity c. Ecological Diversity b. Species

IN THE NEWS § Meanwhile, 2015 has been a good year for another species in Florida — green sea turtles — as NPR reported on Morning Edition. § At The Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge in Florida, scientists counted 14, 152 nests last year. In 2001, there were 198. § The species is generally classified as "threatened, " but breeding colonies in Florida and the Pacific Coast of Mexico are listed as "endangered. " http: //www. npr. org/player/v 2/media. Player. html? action=1&t=1&islist=false&id=462398576&m=462408911 http: //www. npr. org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/08/462398576/finally-some-good-news-for-manatees-and-green-sea-turtles http: //oceantoday. noaa. gov/endoceanseaturtles/welcome. html

IN THE NEWS Ms. Cherry’s favorite whale species <3 http: //oceantoday. noaa. gov/endoceannarightwhales/

Lesson 7. 2 Extinction and Biodiversity Loss Biodiversity losses caused by humans are common in our history. Hunting and forest cutting drove the passenger pigeon—once North America’s most numerous bird—into extinction.

Lesson 7. 2 Extinction and Biodiversity Loss Natural Biodiversity Loss Dinosaur extinctions were part of a mass extinction. • Background extinctions: Naturally occurring extinctions, occurring one species at a time • Mass extinctions: Events when extinction rates far exceed the normal background rate • There have been five mass extinctions in Earth’s history. • Each time, more than 1/5 of all families and 1/2 of all species have gone extinct.

Extinction and Biodiversity Then and Now https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=v 8 PPs. I 0 Lq. OY

Lesson 7. 2 Extinction and Biodiversity Loss Biodiversity at Risk • The current extinction rate is 100 to 1000 times greater than the natural background rate. • In 2009, 1321 species in the U. S. were classified as endangered or threatened. • Endangered: At serious risk of extinction • Threatened: Likely to become endangered soon through all or part of its range Giant panda, an endangered species Did You Know? The Living Planet Index fell nearly 30% between 1970 and 2005. • Endemic: species is found in one location and nowhere else in the world. • Living Planet Index: Summarizes global population trends for certain terrestrial, freshwater, and marine species

The Living Planet 2014 Report https: //vimeo. com/107611677

Lesson 7. 2 Extinction and Biodiversity Loss Causes of Biodiversity Loss • Habitat change and loss • Invasive species • Pollution • Overharvesting Siberian tiger

Lesson 7. 2 Extinction and Biodiversity Loss Habitat Change and Loss • Greatest cause of biodiversity loss • Organisms, adapted to their habitat, decline in population when the habitat changes. • Habitat fragmentation: Patches of suitable habitat surrounded by unsuitable habitat • In general, larger habitat fragments can support greater biodiversity than smaller fragments. Did You Know? Habitat change or destruction is the primary cause of population decline in more than 80% of threatened birds and mammals.

Lesson 7. 2 Extinction and Biodiversity Loss Invasive Species, Pollution, and Overharvesting • Invasive species can out-compete and displace native species. • Harmful chemicals and materials that make their way into habitats can poison people and wildlife. • Occasionally, species can be driven toward extinction by hunting or overharvesting by humans. Examples include Siberian tigers and passenger pigeons. Once common in North America, the passenger pigeon is now extinct.

Human Impacts that Threaten Biodiversity https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=2 RC 3 Hsk 90 t 8

Introduced Species and Biodiversity https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=J-fti. Wff. NTc

Lesson 7. 2 Extinction and Biodiversity Loss Climate Change • Increasingly becoming a factor in biodiversity loss • Unlike the other factors, climate change will have a potentially global effect on biodiversity. Did You Know? Scientists predict that a 1. 5– 2. 5 C global temperature increase could put 20– 30% of plant and animal species at increased risk of extinction.

THINK IT THROUGH THINK. PAIR. SHARE THINK: Please think about the following scenario until the music stops playing. • Suppose someone tells you that human development increases biodiversity. • When a forest is fragmented, he or she argues, new habitats, such as grassy lots and gardens, may be introduced to an area and allow additional species to live there. • How would you respond to this claim? • Do you agree? Explain your answer. PAIR: Please turn to your shoulder partner at your desk, SHARE: Each of you please quietly share for 1 minute your answers to the above scenario. Make sure each of you shares your ideas. We will come back together for a class discussion after the timer goes off.

Lesson 7. 3 Protecting Biodiversity Just 2. 3% of the planet’s land surface is home to 50% of the world’s plant species and 42% of its vertebrate animal species.

Lesson 7. 3 Protecting Biodiversity The Endangered Species Act • U. S. law that protects biodiversity, passed in 1973 • Has three major parts: • Forbids governments and citizens from harming listed species and habitats • Forbids trade in products made from listed species • Requires U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service to maintain official list of endangered and threatened species, and to develop recovery plan for each listed species Did You Know? In part because of the Endangered Species Act, 40% of populations that were once declining in the U. S. are now stable.

ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT (ESA) VIDEO CLIP U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICES https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Doj. GPBV 4 U 0 w **http: //oceantoday. noaa. gov/endspeciesact/**

Lesson 7. 3 Protecting Biodiversity International Cooperation • Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES, 1975): Bans international trade in body parts of endangered species. • Convention on Biological Diversity (1992): International treaty to conserve biodiversity and ensure its responsible use and distribution Ivory products, made from elephant tusks

Lesson 7. 3 Protecting Biodiversity International Cooperation. Shark Species • Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES, 1975): Bans international trade in body parts of endangered species. http: //oceantoday. noaa. gov/endoceansharks/welcome. html

Lesson 7. 3 Protecting Biodiversity Single-Species Approaches to Conservation • Captive breeding programs: Raising and breeding organisms in controlled conditions, such as zoos or aquariums • Species Survival Plan: Program to save individual species, includes captive breeding, education, and research • Cloning: Inserting DNA from an endangered species into a cultured egg cell; process involves implanting eggs into mothers of closely related species Majete Wildlife Reserve, Malawi Did You Know? The Species Survival Plan for the golden lion tamarin started with only 91 individuals. As of 2007, there were nearly 500 tamarins in zoos, and 150 reintroduced into the wild.

Lesson 7. 3 Protecting Biodiversity Hotspots • The “hotspot approach” focuses attention on areas where the greatest number of species can be protected with the least effort. • Hotspots have: • At least 1500 plant species found nowhere else in the world • Already lost 70% of their habitat as a result of human activity • The 34 biodiversity hotspots are home to 50% of Earth’s plant species and 42% of terrestrial vertebrate species. Northern Pintail ducks, Honshu, Japan is one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots.

Lesson 7. 3 Protecting Biodiversity Hotspots https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Ra. QBa. Ve. Eb. W 8

Lesson 7. 3 Protecting Biodiversity Economic Approaches to Conservation • Many conservation efforts today attempt to balance protection of land wildlife with the economic interests of local people: • Debt-for-nature swap: Conservation organizations raise money to pay off a nation’s debt in return for improved conservation measures. • Conservation concession: Conservation organizations buy the rights to conserve resources, instead of harvesting them.

Lesson 7. 3 Protecting Biodiversity Wildlife Corridors • Connect habitat fragments enabling once-isolated populations to interbreed • Interbreeding increases genetic diversity. • Conservation biologists hope that a planned 250 -km long corridor in Australia will enable the endangered southern cassowary to recover from population declines.

WILDLIFE CORRIDORS VIDEO FOOTAGE Bringing the Classroom Content To Life https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Z 07 o 8 m 4 k. H 50

Exploring the BIG Question THINK. PAIR. SHARE THINK: What are some of the advantages to focusing on the conservation of a single species versus trying to conserve ecosystems or habitats? What might be some of the disadvantages? Which do you think is the better approach, or should we use both? PAIR: Let’s get moving! Stand up and move around the classroom to get your blood moving. When the music stops DOUBLE HIGH FIVE the person closest to you. SHARE: Decide who will go first. Person #1 will have 45 seconds to share their thoughts on the above scenario while Person #2 stays quiet and listens. (listen for the timer for time). Person #2 will not share their ideas while the Person #1 quietly listens to them for 45 seconds (listen for the timer).

MENU ACTIVITY • DUE: Wednesday 2/10 • DUE: Wednesday 2/17 • DUE: Friday 2/19 • Pair/ Share Lunch Menu • Wisdom Walk with Dinner Options Activity on 2/17 Menu Activity on 2/19 • Crossword Puzzle or Options: • All will answer the 5 Concept Map • 20 Question Quiz questions in addition to an (choose 1) • Pome, Song, or option of their choice. • Trade/ Grade on 2/10 Rap Options: • RAFT Letter • Poster Dinner Menu Activity= Summative Grade • Diorama • Tri-fold Brochure You will have some class time, but you will need to complete the majority of this outside of class time. • Storybook

Wednesday February 10 th Bell Ringer: The pattern of variation with latitude is called _________ gradient. Learning Target: I will be able to explain the importance of biodiversity and discuss the ways to protect biodiversity loss. Standard: SC. 912. L. 17. 11, SC. 912. L. 15. 3, SC. 912. L. 17. 13, and SC. 912. L. 16. 10 Objective: 1. In the News 2. Trade/Grade Breakfast Menu Activity 3. 7. 1 -7. 3 Review via Kahoot! or SWAT Review 4. Begin Working on Lunch Menu Activity HW: Remember to review 7. 1 -7. 3 notes Summative Quiz #1 is tomorrow 2/11

The pattern of variation with latitude is called latitudinal gradient.

IN THE NEWS http: //oceantoday. noaa. gov/endoceanmanatees/

SWAT REVIEW GAME Which of the following is NOT part of overall biodiversity? Species Diversity Genetic Diversity Individual Diversity Ecosystem Diversity

SWAT REVIEW GAME The tiger, jaguar and lion are all members of the same: Subspecies Genus Species Ecosystem

SWAT REVIEW GAME What provides the raw material for adaptation to local conditions? Ecosystem Diversity Species Diversity Genetic Diversity Extirpation

SWAT REVIEW GAME Which of the following increase species diversity? Speciation Poaching Extinction Extirpation

SWAT REVIEW GAME The disappearance of a particular population from a given area, but not of the entire species globally, is called Speciation Immigration Extinction Extirpation

SWAT REVIEW GAME Globally, the leading cause of biodiversity loss is Invasive Species Poaching And overharvesting Pollution Habitat change and loss

SWAT REVIEW GAME The illegal capture or killing of an organism, often for money, is called Poaching Harvesting Fragmentation Extinction

SWAT REVIEW GAME Which of the following forbids the U. S. government and its citizens from harming endangered or threatened species and their habitats? EPA SSP Endangered Species Act CITES

SWAT REVIEW GAME Some conservation biologists focus on areas where the greatest number of unique species can be protected with the least amount of effort. These areas are called: Wildlife Corridors Habitat Fragments Conservation Concessions Biodiversity Hotspots

SWAT REVIEW GAME The eastern long-beaked echidna, shown here, is an egg laying mammal found only in New Guinea. Which of the following terms describes an organism such as the echidna that is found in one place and nowhere else in the world? Endemic Endangered Threatened Conserved

SWAT REVIEW GAME Biodiversity tends to _______ nearer the equator. Stay the same Decrease Increase None of these are correct

SWAT REVIEW GAME ______ species are at the highest risk of extinction. Threatened Conserved Endangered Endemic

SWAT REVIEW GAME The process of breeding and raising organisms in controlled conditions is called: Selective Breeding Captive Breeding Cloning Poaching

SWAT REVIEW GAME Environmentally responsible travel to protected natural areas for the purpose of appreciating nature, promoting conservation, and providing economic benefits the local people is called: Biodiversity Hotspot Captive Breeding Ecotourism Ecosystem Services

Thursday February 11 th Bell Ringer: How can the extinction of a single species affect how an ecosystem functions? Learning Target: I will be able to explain the importance of biodiversity and discuss the ways to protect biodiversity loss. Standard: SC. 912. L. 17. 11, SC. 912. L. 15. 3, SC. 912. L. 17. 13, Remember: We will have a and SC. 912. L. 16. 10 substitute tomorrow. Please be on your best behavior! Objective: 1. In the News- Elephant Culling 2. Unit 7 Quiz #1 on Lesson 7. 1 -7. 3 3. Calculating Biodiversity Lab Activity 4. Continue working on Lunch Menu Activity Due: 2/17 HW: Lunch Menu Activity DUE: Wednesday 2/17.

IN THE NEWS Elephants: To Cull or Not to Cull? https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=S 43 h 8 iz. Rlic

How can the extinction of a single species affect how an ecosystem functions? • Extinction of even a single keystone species can cause significant change to the ecosystem.

Friday February 12 th Bell Ringer: List the five major causes of biodiversity loss: Learning Target: I will be able to explain the importance of biodiversity and discuss the ways to protect biodiversity loss. Standard: SC. 912. L. 17. 11, SC. 912. L. 15. 3, SC. 912. L. 17. 13, and SC. 912. L. 16. 10 Objective: 1. In the News 2. VLT: Elephant Culling 3. Unit 7 Guided Reading 4. Continue working on Lunch and Dinner Menu Activity HW: Lunch Due: 2/17 and Dinner Due: 2/19

List the five major causes of biodiversity loss: INVASIVE SPECIES POLLUTION POACHING HABITAT LOSS CLIMATE CHANGE

IN THE NEWS Ms. Cherry’s favorite whale species <3 http: //oceantoday. noaa. gov/endoceannarightwhales/