EPRW 2002 4 th European Pesticide Residues Workshop

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EPRW 2002 - 4 th European Pesticide Residues Workshop - May 28 -31, 2002

EPRW 2002 - 4 th European Pesticide Residues Workshop - May 28 -31, 2002 - ROME, Italy ICRAM ISTITUTO CENTRALE PER LA RICERCA SCIENTIFICA E TECNOLOGICA APPLICATA AL MARE Antonella Ausili, Patrizia Stefanelli*, Roberta Morlino, Cristina Fossi**, Stefano Di Muccio Marine Research Institute – ICRAM – via di Casalotti, 300 – 00166 – Rome – Italy *National Institute of Health – ISS – viale Regina Elena, 299 – 00161 – Rome – Italy **Department of Animal Biology and Marine Ecology, University of Messina – Italy The marine environment has received considerable attention in relation to environmental pollution. Different contaminants have reached the marine environment from anthropogenic sources by direct discharge, or indirectly by rivers. The Mediterranean Sea is exposed to this type of pollution because it is a completely land – locked water body. There has been considerable concern over substances of anthropogenic origin found in the environment that have the potential ability to disrupt the normal functioning of the endocrine system: EDCs, Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals. Organochlorine compounds are known for these properties. All these contaminants, in consequence of their persistence, lipophilicity and tendency to bioaccumulate are found at high concentrations in animals at the higher levels of the food chain. Swordfish as top-predator may represent a target for bioaccumulation of these pollutants and may be considered good indicators of OC contamination in the Mediterranean ecosystems. The objective of this study is to measure the levels of PCBs and OC in different tissues of swordfish. The PCBs were detected in all individual swordfish. The mean of PCBs was highest in blubber (1974. 96 ng/g wet weight), followed in the order by liver (246. 21 ng/g wet weight), muscle and gonad (80. 37 ng/g and 72. 34 ng/g respectively). PCB profiles were dominated by congeners 153, 138, 180, 187, 170. The first two are the most abundance up to 26. 6 % and 25. 6 % respectively of PCBs. DDT are the second – most prevalent group of contaminants the highest concentration was again found in blubber (2135. 26 ng/g wet weight) followed by liver (234. 69 ng/g wet weight), muscle and gonad (52. 11 and 45. 65 ng/g wet weight, respectively). p, p’- DDE was present in the greatest concentrations, making up > 75 % of total DDT in the majority of samples. The lipid content of the tissues into this marine predator may be an important variable governing contaminant concentrations. In fact, the level of contamination observed in all tissues is related to the lipid content with a linear correlation. Relative percentages of each congener to the total PCBs found in some tissues of the swordfish 2500 30, 00 25, 00 Correlation between lipid content (%) and organochlorine contaminants (ppb) in muscle, liver, gonad and blubber in Mediterranean Sea y = 23, 824 x - 35, 625 R 2 = 0, 9997 muscle PCB tot DDT tot 2000 HCH tot liver 20, 00 % 15, 00 Chlordane tot 1500 y = 21, 678 x - 0, 2992 R 2 = 0, 9997 gonad blubber 10, 00 1000 500 y = 1, 2459 x - 4, 5213 R 2 = 0, 9986 5, 00 y = 0, 0615 x + 1, 198 R 2 = 0, 9838 0 0 0, 00 20 40 60 80 100 -500 % lipid 28 31 44 52 66 70 74 87 101 105 110 118 128 132 138 151 153 156 170 183 185 187 189 194 206 Levels of OC in liver of Azore's and Mediterranean's swordfish Principal components analysis 0, 4 MEDS_9 MEDS_26 0, 3 The Mediterranean Sea, a basin almost closed with a few exchange with the Atlantic Ocean, is particularly exposed to this type of contamination. By means Principal Component Analysis (PCA) the specimens caught in Mediterranean are clearly divided from those caught in the Azore islands. Comparison between levels of PCB and organochlorine pesticides in liver of Azore’s and Mediterranean’s swordfish Factor 2 (2, 59% of total variance) MEDS_52 MEDS_20 MEDS_11 0, 2 MEDS_13 MEDS_8 0, 1 MEDS_48 MEDS_16 MEDS_5 MEDS_23 SA_14 0, 0 I_4 SA_8 SA_5 I_3 SA_15 SA_18 SA_19 I_2 I_1 SA_16 SA_10 SA_20 -0, 1 0, 80 0, 85 0, 90 0, 95 1, 00 1, 05 1, 10 1, 15 1, 20 Factor 1 (97, 10 % of total variance) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) shows that levels of organochlorine in liver and muscle have similar profiles, which differs from the profile in gonad tissue. 0, 6 PCB LIVER DDT LIVER PCB GONAD 0, 4 DDT GONAD DDT MUSCLE 0, 2 HCH MUSCLE Factor 2 It is possible that these differences in contaminant patterns reflect tissue – specific variations in the content and composition of lipids or in metabolic capacities for the various PCBs and OCs. 0, 8 PCB, DDT, HCH totals in liver, gonad and muscle in Mediterranean Sea Principal components analysis HCH GONAD 0, 0 - 0, 2 - 0, 4 - 0, 6 HCH LIVER - 0, 8 PCB MUSCLE - 1, 0 - 0, 8 - 0, 4 0, 0 Factor 1 0, 4 0, 8