Mehaniki postupci preiavanja otpadnih voda This project has

Mehanički postupci prečišćavanja otpadnih voda ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

• zasnivaju se na: • fizičkim osobinama vode i nečistoća (razlike u specifičnoj masi, oblik, težina, itd. ) i na • delovanju fizičkih sila (gravitacija, pritisak, itd. ) • Osnova su prethodne obrade, i procesa primarnog prečišćavanja; kao i pojedinih faza procesa sekundarnog i tercijanog prečišćavanja ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Uklanjanje grubog suspendovanog i plivajućeg materijala: rešetke i sita • započinje po pravilu prečišćavanje komunalne, kao i mnogih industrijskih otpadnih voda • uklanja se prolaskom otpadne vode kroz odgovarajuću dimenzionisanu rešetku ili sito na kojima se on zadržava i sa kojih se zatim na odgovarajući način uklanja, obrađuje i odlaže ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

• rešetke • koriste se za uklanjanje najgrubljeg materijala iz otpadnih voda. • pregrađuju kanalizacioni vod, a postavljaju se normalno na tok vode (vertikalne) ili, da bi se olakšalo čišćenje, pod uglom od 30 - 60°, pa i do 80° (kose rešetke) ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

• Sita • koriste se za uklanjanje suspendovanog i plivajućeg materijala dimenzija od oko 1 pa do nekoliko mm • načinjena su od nerđajućeg čelika ili nekog drugog materijala otpornog na koroziju, u obliku žičane mreže ili perforiranog lima sa kružnim otvorima ili prorezima ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

• Sita sa mehanizmom za usitnjavanje • Gruba sita opremljena sa mehanizmom za usitnjavanje materijala koji se na njima zadrži – kominutor • sastoje se od rotirajućeg perforiranog bubnja sa prorezima na kome se zadržava grubi materijal • na bubnju se nalaze zupci koji prolaze kroz otvore na stacionarnom češlju montiranom uz sam bubanj ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

• Sita sa mehanizmom za usitnjavanje • rotiranjem bubnja grubi materijal se nabacuje na češalj i usitnjava zupcima • tako usitnjen materijal prolazi kroz proreze na bubnju i kroz obrnuti sifon odlazi na dalju obradu (slika 1. ) ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

• Slika 1. Sito sa mehanizmom za usitnjavanje ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Uklanjanje inertnog materijala: hvatači peska • izaziva abraziju i ubrzano habanje pokretnih delova uređaja za prečišćavanje otpadne vode, stvara naslage, taloge koji se teško čiste u cevovodima i kanalima, u biološkim reaktorima • Uklanjanje se zasniva na većim brzinama taloženja „peska“ od brzine taloženja čestica organskog materijala, tako da se izborom pogodne brzine toka otpadne vode taj „pesak“ izdvaja, a organske suspendovane čestice odnose dalje sa vodom ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Uklanjanje ulja i masti: hvatači masti • pravougaoni, ili kružni bazeni u kojima se ostvaruje kratkotrajno zadržavanje otpadne vode, u toku 3 -5 minuta. • Da bi se sprečilo taloženje težih suspendovanih materija obično se primenjuje aeracija, a uvođenje vazduha pospešuje izdvajanje masnoća. • Voda izlazi iz bazena ispod pregrađenog zida, a izdvojena masti i ulja i materije lakše od vode skidaju se sa površine tzv. skimerima i prebacuju se u sabirni sud. ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Uklanjanje suspendovanih čestica taloženjem • U zavisnosti od taložnih karakteristika i koncentracije suspendovanih čestica razlikujemo: • Taloženje diskretnih čestica • Taloženje čestica koje flokulišu i • Zonalno taloženje ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

• Taloženje diskretnih čestica • Suspendovane čestice koje prilikom gravitacionog taloženja ne menjaju veličinu, oblik i specifičnu masu su diskretne čestice • ako se nalaze u malim koncentracijama talože se nezavisno jedna od druge. • Pretpostavka suspendovane čestice su ravnomerno raspoređene po celom poprečnom preseku na ulazu u zonu taloženja i sve čestice koje dodirnu mulj smatraju se istaloženim ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

• Taloženje čestica koje flokulišu • Prilikom taloženja čestice se spajaju u veće čestice, flokule • Ukupno uklanjanje se računa na osnovu laboratorijskih podataka na tzv. taložnoj koloni kojom se imitira idealni taložnik • otvori za uzimanje uzorka na više nivoa i njihovom analizom u određenim vremenskim intervalima dobijaju se podaci i crta se kriva tzv. jednakog procenta uklanjanja (slika 2. ) ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

• Slika 2. Taložna kolona i kriva jednakog procenta uklanjanja suspendovanih čestica koje flokuliušu ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

• Zonalno taloženje • ukoliko je koncentracija suspendovanih čestica u vodi povećana, sile interakcije između čestica dovode do zajedničkog taloženja suspendovanih čestica praktično nezavisno od njihove veličine • Stvara se zona čestica koje se talože sa manje ili više oštrom graničnom površinom koja razdvaja suspendovane čestice i izbistrenu vodu. • Brzina zonalnog taloženja zavisi od početne koncentracije suspendovanih čestica ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

• Taložnici za obradu suspenzija sa povećanom koncentracijom suspendovanih čestica imaju dvostruku funkciju: • izbistravanje, dobijanje izbistrene vode na prelivu • ugušćivanje, dobijanje ugušćene suspenzije tj mulja na dnu (gravitacioni ugušćivači). ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

• Slika 3. Šematki prikaz gravitacionog ugušćivača ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Uklanjanje suspendovanih čestica flotacijom • Flotacija sa vazduhom koristi se za uklanjanje suspendovanih čestica malih specifičnih masa i emulgovanog ulja, kao i za koncentrisanje muljeva koji nastaju u procesu prečišćavanja otpadne vode • Mehurići vazduha se lepe za suspendovane čestice i tako one postaju lakše od vode i isplivavaju na površinu i sakupljaju se. ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Uklanjanje suspendovanih čestica flotacijom Po načinu stvaranja mehurića vazduha razlikujemo flotaciju sa: • mehanički dispergovanim vazduhom (mehurići se stvaraju uduvavanjem vazduha kroz osovinu propelerske mešalice ili uduvavanjem vazduha kroz difuzere) • rastvorenim vazduhom • rastvaranjem vazduha pod povećanim pritiskom • smanjivanjem pritiska čime se iz otpadne vode izdvaja vazduh koji je u njoj već rastvoren pod atmosferskim pritiskom. ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

• Slika 4. Šema uređaja za flotaciju vazduhom rastvorenim pod pritiskom, bez recilkulacije ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

• Slika 5. Šema uređaja za flotaciju vazduhom rastvorenim pod pritiskom, sa recilkulacijom ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

• Slika 6. Koncentracija flotiranih i suspendovanih čestica preostalih u efluentu u zavisnosti od odnosa vazduh/suspendovane čestice ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Author, Editor and Referee References This remote access laboratory was created thanks to work done primarily at University of Niš. Contributors to this material were: ________ Refereeing of this material was done by: ___________ Editing into NETCHEM Format and onto NETCHEM platform was completed by: __________________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, ___________________________________________________ andhas the been Commission be held responsible for any use which may made of the information contained This project funded cannot with support from the European Commission. Thisbe publication reflects the views only of therein. the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

References and Supplemental Material The NETCHEM platform was established at the University of Nis in 2016 -2019 through the Erasmus Programme. Please contact a NETCHEM representatives at your institution or visit our website for an expanded contact list. The work included had been led by the NETCHEM staff at your institution. ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, ___________________________________________________ andhas the been Commission be held responsible for any use which may made of the information contained This project funded cannot with support from the European Commission. Thisbe publication reflects the views only of therein. the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.