Intact Circulation Proper function of Heart proper function

Intact Circulation : • Proper function of Heart • proper function of lung • Integrity of the vasculature • maintenance of balance between the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems

充血 (Hyperemia) Definition an active process resulting from augmented blood flow due to arteriolar dilation 器官或组织因动脉输入血量的增多而发生的充血。

淤血 (Congestion) Definition A passive process resulting from impaired venous return from a tissue 器官或局部组织静脉血流回流受阻，血液淤积于小 静脉和毛细血管内，称淤血，又称静脉性充血.

肝淤血Liver congestion p Right-sided heart failure p Acute hepatic congestion: grossly: dusky red, tense, slightly heavy; microscopically: the central vein and sinusoids are distended with blood p Chronic hepatic congestion: grossly: nutmeg liver microscopically: centrilobular necrosis and peri-lobular fatty change; hemorrhage; atrophy; fibrosis

肝淤血Liver congestion

肝淤血Liver congestion

肝淤血Liver congestion Centrilobular necrosis

出血 (Hemorrhage) Loss of blood from the vascular compartment, usually as a result of trauma to or disease of the vessel wall. This can involve large vessels, e. g. , aorta or small vessels, e. g. , capillaries. 血液从血管或心腔逸出，称出血。

出血 (Hemorrhage)

出血 (Hemorrhage)

Thrombosis 血栓形成 The formation of a clotted mass of blood in the noninterrupted cardiovascular system is known as thrombosis, and the mass itself is termed a thrombus. 在活体的心脏和血管内，血液发生凝固或 血液中某些有形成分凝集形成固体质块的 过程称为血栓形成(thrombosis)。所形成 的固体质块称为血栓(thrombus)。

血栓形成条件Thrombogenesis 1. 心血管内皮细胞的损伤 endothelial injury：dominant influence, atherosclerosis, inflammatory valve diseases 2. 血流状态的改变 changes in the pattern of blood flow 3. 血液凝固性增加 changes in the blood constituents

血栓的形成过程Process of thrombogenesis

血栓的形成过程Process of thrombogenesis

organization Fate of the thrombus • • dissolution Organization and recanalization: • recanalization calcification

Calcification of thrombus phlebolith