Mental abilities Hearing abilities Intact Psyche Intact sensory

• • • Mental abilities Hearing abilities Intact Psyche Intact sensory channels Stimulating environment

Hearing abilities Peripheral Central

Peripheral

Ear auditory nerve auditory area of the cortex

Intact sensory channels

Auditory Vestibular Visual Tactile Oral-Sensory (olfactory gustatory)

Language Development

Theories of language acquisition I- Learning theory: Conditioning / Imitation II- Innate theory III- Mixed theory

Language development • Pre-linguistic stage • Linguistic stage

Pre-linguistic stage First 6 months: 1 - Basic crying (biological) 2 -Differential vocalization Around 7 months): Discriminate between tones of adults Around 8 months: Babbling + prosodic combinations

Linguistic stage • • Development of vocabulary Development of speech sounds Development of grammar Development of pragmatics

Vocabulary development • 12 months----one word / word approximation • 18 months----15 -20 words • 2 years-----150 -300 words • 3 years------900 -1000 • 4 years----simple time concepts

Speech sound production development 1 year-----/b/ , /m/ 2 years----/m/, /n/, /w/, /h/ 2 ½ years------/t/ , /d/, /k/ /g/ 3 years-----/f/, /s/, /l/ 4 years-----/ sh/ 5 years------/th/ 6 years------/z/ 8 years-----All speech sounds are mastered

Development of Grammar 9 -18 months: One word 18 months-2 years old: • 2 word phrases • Noun & Noun structures: Conjunction (cup glass) Attribution (party hat) Possession (Ahmed ball) Subject object (mammy ball)

2 -2; 06 years old: • 3 word sentences • Start to master questions • Negation words (No) 2; 06 -3; 06 years old: • 4 word sentences • Noun phrase becomes complex e. g. “the man with hat on. ” • Emergence of conjunctions

3 -3; 06 years old: • Conjunctions • Comparatives • Over regularization e. g. “comed, goed” 4 -6 years old: • Pronouns • Proper question forms 7 -8 years old: • Mastering all syntactic rules • Use of tag questions