Unit 10 Chapter 37 Respiration Circulation and Excretion

Unit 10 Chapter 37 Respiration, Circulation, and Excretion

The Respiratory System Pathway of air: n Nasal passages = to warm, moisten, & filter n Pharynx = throat n Epiglottis = cartilage flap covering opening of trachea, prevents food from entering n Larynx = voice box n

The Respiratory System n Trachea (windpipe) ¨ surrounded by cartilage rings to prevent collapse n Bronchi bronchioles ¨ successively smaller tubes branching into lungs n Alveoli ¨ small sacs where oxygen & CO 2 are exchanged by simple diffusion

The Respiratory System Types of Respiration: n External Respiration n ¨ Occurs n in lungs, oxygen enters blood Internal Respiration ¨ Occurs in body cells, oxygen enters tissue Which is External? …Internal?

The Respiratory System Mechanics of breathing: n Inhaling = diaphragm contracts, chest enlarges, reduced pressure brings in air n Exhaling = diaphragm relaxes, chest reduces, increased pressure pushes out air n

Diaphragm Click on image to play video.

The Circulatory System: the Blood Plasma n Straw colored fluid portion of blood n Transports food, cell wastes, hormones, antibodies, etc n

The Circulatory System: the Blood Red Blood Cells n Small, disc-shaped cells without nuclei n Contains Hemoglobin, which gives RBCs the ability to transport oxygen n

The Circulatory System: the Blood White Blood Cells n Large, nucleated cells without color n Change shape to slip in & out of vessels; for surrounding and engulfing foreign substances n

The Circulatory System: the Blood Platelets n Very small cell fragments n Help clot the blood after an injury n Platelets

The Circulatory System: the Blood n Blood Types A, B, AB & O are determined by antigens: n Antigens are substances that stimulate an immune response in the body n Plasma contains antibodies: n Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins that match with antigens

The Circulatory System: the Vessels Arteries n Large, thick-walled, muscular vessels n Carry blood away from the heart n

The Circulatory System: the Vessels Veins n Large, less muscular vessels with valves to prevent backflow of blood n Carry blood toward the heart n

Veins Click on image to play video.

The Circulatory System: the Vessels Capillaries n Microscopic blood vessels branching throughout body tissues n One cell thick walls allow exchange of materials between blood & tissues n

The Circulatory System: the heart Chambers of the heart: n Atria n Upper, thin-walled chambers that receive blood from body n Ventricles n Lower, muscular chambers that pump blood to the entire body n

The Circulatory System: the heart Blood vessels: n Vena cavae are the largest veins that enter Right Atrium n Pulmonary Artery takes blood to lungs, while Pulmonary Veins bring it back to heart n Aorta is the largest artery that leaves the Left ventricle n

Circulation of blood through the heart

Circulation of blood through the body

The Circulatory System: the heart Pulse n The surge of blood through an artery; can measure the number of heartbeats/minute n Blood Pressure n The force that blood exerts on the blood vessels; directly relates to heart health n

EKG Click on image to play video.

The Urinary System n Kidneys ¨ Filter the blood to remove wastes, maintaining homeostasis of the body fluids n Nephron ¨ About one million filtering units per kidney

The Urinary System n Ureters ¨ Tubes connecting kidney to bladder n Urinary bladder ¨ Temporary storage of urine n Urethra ¨ Passes urine from bladder out of the body

Kidney Click on image to play video.