IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES IED 1 Definition An IED

IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES (IED) 1

Definition An IED is a device, assembled by an organization or an individual in contravention to the existing rules of Law of Nation adopting unconventional or semiconventional methods of assembling a standard device, ammunition/explosives or commercial, with a criminal/antinational intention. The design of an IED will depend on the lethality of a bomb 2

IED n n The effects of an IED explosion are not standard and predictable The effects will vary in each case, depending on : n Components n Quality of explosive n Casing n Quantity of splinters 3

Components of an IED n n Explosives Detonator Power Source (Battery) Initiation Mechanism (Switch) 4

Components of an IED… Switch + Battery - Explosive & Detonator 5

Briefcase Bomb with Mechanism 6

Initiation Mechanism The switch is a mechanism incorporated to ensure initiation of an IED in a predetermined pattern so as to ensure success in destroying the target in a well deliberated manner. 7

Chain of Detonation Flame Producer Flame Carrier Detonator 1 2 3 B o o s t e r Detonation Wave Carrier (Cordtex) 4 5 Main Charge 6 8

Explosive and its Accessories A. Flame Producer : Match fuse, Match box, Igniter safety fuse striker B. Flame Carrier : Safety fuse C. Detonator Safety: Fuse Mercury Fulminate ASA Mixture Base Charge (CE) 9

Explosive and its Accessories… D. Detonation Wave Carrier(Primacord) n n n E. : 150 m : PETN : 6000 to 8000 m/s Booster : To boost up the detonation waves n n F. Length Explosive Deto. Vel. CE Powder : Brown GC Powder : White Main Filling 10

Fuse Burning Cordtex Delay Fuse Safety Fuse Detonator Explosive Accessories 11

Initiation Mechanism The switches can either be classified as Electrical, Mechanical & Miscellaneous. Types of Initiation Mechanism n n Anti-handling Delay Ambient Command 12

Types of Initiation Mechanism… n n n n n Anti-handling Pressure release Pull/release Tilt Anti-penetration Lift Pendulum Tension n n n n Delay Mechanical Timer Clock/Watch Quartz Watch Electronic Timer Pyrotechnics Thermal Electro Chemical Expanding seeds 13

Types of Initiation Mechanism… n n n n Ambient Temperature Smoke/Gas Sound IR Rays Proximity Humidity X Rays Light Command n n n Car remote Cordless Bell FM Radio Command Wire Aero Modeling 14

Questioning Technique n n n n What time the bomb will explode ? Where is the bomb located ? What type of bomb is ? How will we get rid of the bomb ? What is your good name ? Why have you kept the bomb ? Where are you speaking from ? 15

Search Rules & Technique of an IED n n n Search Rules Search Technique What to look for ? (Tell Tale Sign) Points to remember Action on locating IED 16

Search Rules & Technique Search Rules n n Don’t touch or handle suspicious object Don’t assume only one device is planted Use maximum two persons per room or for all area up to 250 Sq. ft. Use Searches in alternate room 17

Search Rules & Technique… Search Rules n n Give rest after every 10 min. Never use searches more than necessary Clearly mark the area searched Trust nothing and assume nothing safe 18

Search Rules & Technique… Search Techniques n n Obtain maximum information about the device Listen before entering a room Be careful about booby trap, at the door itself and also throughout the search Make a visual survey of the entire area of the room 19

Search Rules & Technique… Search Techniques n Divide the area while carrying out Search : n n Waist level Eye level Ceiling level Above Ceiling level 20

Search Rules & Technique Search Techniques n n n Search back to back by two persons, meet in center and go back again Rest after each Search Mark the Searched area Report about the area and suspected object Ask for help from expert 21

Search Rules & Technique What to look for ? (Tell Tale Sign) n Recently disturbed area n Saw dust, Brick dust, Wood chips n Greasy Paper Wrappings n Out of place object n Disturbed Carpenter n Tin foils 22

Search Rules & Technique What to look for ? (Tell Tale Sign) n n n Partly open window/door/drawers Fresh plaster/Cement Loose Electric Fittings Fish-line, dirty ropes, electric wire Cut vegetation 23

Search Rules & Technique What to look for ? (Tell Tale Sign) n n Military container of explosive Dirty foot prints Scratched or new paint New brick work/plaster 24

Search Rules & Technique Points to Remember n n n Don’t touch or remove the packet Don’t open with hands or puncture Don’t submerge in water Don’t accept identification mark on the face value Don’t bring suspect bomb to police station 25

Search Rules & Technique Points to Remember n n n Don’t open unless duty bound Evacuate the people to a safe area Don’t use radio Open all doors and windows Don’t be a Dead Hero 26

Scooter Bomb found at Bombay in March, 1993 27

Search Rules & Technique Action on locating an IED n n n Buttress : It’s an action of putting sand bags near the object to protect Baffling : It’s an action of putting mattress etc. to minimise damage due to blast and fragments Venting : It’s an action of opening all doors and windows of the room. 28

Bomb Incident Planning Cycle Bomb Threat/Incident Notification IED Location known IED Location not known Search IED Detonates a Investigation Collect Evidence Reconstruction RSP TPT Remove RSP Remove TPT Analysis Establish modus operandi Conduct apprehension Remove TPT RSP Conviction Disposal 29

Render Safe Procedure (RSP) Tool Kit 30

Render Safe Procedure (RSP) Tool Kit 31

Counter IED Operation n We can use mnemonic n “UNITED NATIONS” U -Useful information prior to responding N-Notify appropriate people I-Initial Response to scene T-Time element involved E-Establish Command Post D-Decide Techniques 32

N- Notify the Field Commander A- Attack an IED T-Transport the physical evidence I-Investigate Crime O-Orientate Pertinent Facts N-Notify Appropriate People S-Synopsis 33

Bomb Detection Technique Technician Neutralizing an IED 34

Bomb Detection Technique Snake Eye Camera 35

Bomb Detection Technique Confirming presence of Explosive by Sniffer Dog 36

Bomb Detection Technique Removing a suspected Car Bomb with Robot 37

Bomb Detection Technique Mini Detector 38

Bomb Detection Technique Electronic Stethoscope 39

Bomb Detection Technique The door of a suspected Car being opened by Car Remote Opening Tool Kit (CROT) 40

Bomb Disposal Technique Robot 41

Bomb Disposal Technique Cordtex Opening Technique 42

Bomb Disposal Technique Cutting a wire of a Detonator by Mechanical Wire Cutter 43

Bomb Disposal Technique Neutralizing an IED with Water Cannon 44

Bomb Disposal Technique Cutting the wire by Remote Wire Cutter 45

Bomb Disposal Technique Explosive Opening Techniques-Shot Gun Method 46

Bomb Disposal Technique Disrupting the Power Source by Disrupter 47

Bomb Disposal Technique Burning of Explosives 48

Bomb Disposal Technique Making a hole in a suspected package with thermal cutter 49

Bomb Disposal Gears Bomb Suit 50

Bomb Disposal Gears Bomb Blanket 51

Bomb Disposal Gears Bomb Basket 52

Bomb Disposal Gears Bomb Transport Trailer 53

Bomb Disposal Gears Robot (Wheel Barrow) 54

Safety Precautions Do’s for Common Men n n Inform the police on seeing any suspicious object Move away from the suspicious object in a quiet manner Follow instructions of guide in case of threat Carry your own personal belongings during evacuation Help ladies, old and children 55

Safety Precautions Do’s for Common Men n When a vehicle is parked, close all windows and lock the doors Inspect vehicles for any suspicious object before moving out of garage Switch off all electrical mains, gas lines etc. 56

Safety Precautions Don’ts for Common Men n n Touch or handle any suspicious object Pick up attractive items lying at odd places Open or cut any suspicious object Panic but remain cool Obstruct the passage of security/bomb squad 57

Safety Precautions Don’ts for Common Men n n Spread rumors Assume only one device is planted Submerge in water Bring suspected bomb to police station Leave vehicle unattended 58

IED : BOOK & LETTER BOMB Started by Black September Group (Palestine) Components of Letter Bomb n n Sheet Explosives Detonator Switch Mechanism Power Source (9 V Polaroid Cell) 59

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Recognition Sign We can use mnemonic “EXPLOSIVE PARCEL” E-Excessive Securing Material X-Excessive Weight P-Protruding Wire L-Lop Sided/Unevenly weighted O-Oily Stains S-Stiff or rigid envelope I-Is pack expected ? V-Visual distraction E-Excessive Postage 61

Recognition Sign We can use mnemonic “EXPLOSIVE PARCEL” P-Proper Name & Title incorrect A-Address hand written or poorly typed R-Restrictive Marking C-Common Words misspell E-European/Foreign Mail L-Lacks address of sender 62

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Safety Precautions n n n n Evacuate all persons Stop entry into the room Don’t open letter by hand Don’t smoke near bomb Don’t cut any protruding wire Don’t jerk the letter Put letter through Mail Bomb Detector 64

The Value of Taking Cover 100% Standing in the open 50% Lying down in the open 35% lying behind a low cover 10% Inside brick house 5% In Shelters or trench 65

Bomb Threat Contingency Plan for an Industry Important Features n n n Designate a bomb threat coordinator Bomb threat co-ordination control room Bomb threat assessment committee Evacuation of area Search team Evacuation signal 66

Bomb Threat Contingency Plan for an Industry Important Features n n Liaison arrangements Responsibilities of various agencies Telephone numbers Completion Certificate Remember that every Ex-Serviceman need not be an IED expert 67

ANY QUESTIONS 68