Grammar Warmups Noun Person place thing or idea

Grammar Warm-ups

Noun • Person, place, thing or idea • Example: Tom, New York, book, freedom Practice: Underline the nouns 1. Penny took her mom to Six Flags. 2. Love is the most important thing of all. 3. My dad has the coolest car ever.

Pronouns • Take the place of Nouns • Example: She, it, they, ect. • Practice: Underline the nouns, and put a squiggly line under the pronouns in each sentence. 1. My mother says she loves shoes. 2. I don’t feel well. My stomach hurts, it feels like someone has stepped on it.

Proper Noun • The SPECIFIC name of a person, place, or thing. It can be acted upon and is capitalized. A proper noun may be a single word, a group of words (with or without abbreviations), or a hyphenated word. Examples: – Josh was honored – at U. S. Memorial Auditorium – with the Smith-Lee Award. person place thing

Review • Underline the nouns, and squiggly underline the pronouns. 1. Freedom is the only thing on earth worth fighting for. I would gladly die for it. 2. Nothing is for sure except death and taxes. 3. What time is your flight to Arizona. 4. Did you vote for Obama for president? He was my first choice.

Adjectives • Words that describe nouns. • Example: Brown bear, bright light, never-ending story, cruise ship, Victorian mansion, three bears.

Adjectives • Practice: Underline the Nouns/pronouns, circle the verbs, and place a box around the adjectives 1. My house is large and beautiful. 2. The small, brown-eyed girl looked straight up at me. 3. The whirling wind turned and roared at the fragile plants below. 4. A large group of people showed up to my birthday party.

• Practice Underline the Nouns and pronouns, and place a box around the adjectives. 1. The young child was quickly taken from her parents. 2. The hot crispy fries made my mouth water. 3. The girl was beautiful, always dressed in elegant gowns. 4. My little sister always wears her pink barrette.

Verbs • Two Kinds – Action • Run, walk, think, sit, ect. – Linking: connecting words • Is, are, was, were, being, has been • Practice: circle the verbs, label them AV or LV 1. My mother is very picky when she eats out. 2. My father was being watched by spies. 3. We are going to walk up to the creek after school.

Review • Practice: Underline the Nouns and pronouns. Place a box around the adjectives. Circle the verbs, and label them LV or AV. – Ex: I hate running laps, but the coach insists that it will make me a better player. 1. It is hard to keep my notes neat. 2. I will be here tomorrow after school. 3. Lucy and Rachel are going to sing at the spring concert. 4. It is important to honor the many soldiers that fought for our independence. 5. My brother is annoying; he always picks on me.

Review • Underline the nouns/pronouns, circle the verbs, and place a box around the adjectives. 1. As the night went on, I stood staring up at the brilliant sky. 2. It was chilly out, and my foggy breath felt warm against my freezing hands. 3. They shook terribly, but I did not care. 4. No amount of cold could drive me away from the shimmering stars in the night sky.

Review • Underline the nouns/pronouns, circle the verbs, and place a box around the adjectives. 1. I never felt safe in that all-too-quiet house. 2. I wanted to go to the public library for their drama celebration. 3. My hard-headed father should have listened when I told him that the ladder was too weak to support his weight.

Review Nouns adjectives Verbs sentence 1. Girls, books Smart, heavy carried The smart girls carried their heavy books. 2. 3.

• Three types: Adverbs 1. They describe Verbs a) The man danced beautifully. b) The sky darkened quickly. . c) She sang loudly 2. They describe adjectives a) Light green eyes b) Very large penguin 3. They describe when -yesterday, tomorrow, now, later, etc.

Adverbs • Place a triangle around the adverbs. 1. The winner ran triumphantly around the stage. 2. He was more handsome than last year. 3. I want to see the beautifully lit gardens tomorrow. 4. She was too short for the ride. 5. He quietly sat, hoping that the night would quickly end.

Review • Underline the nouns, Circle the verbs, place a square around the adjectives, and place a triangle around the adverbs. 1. The mother nervously wondered how she would pay her bills later that month. 2. The meal had hardly started before the lady had too much of their company. 3. The girl’s pale white cheeks turned a deep red.

Review • Underline nouns, circle verbs, box adjectives, and triangle adverbs 1. The storm angrily blew all night. 2. The two girls were very quiet indeed. 3. My lungs ached and burned, but I stubbornly refused to quit the mile run. 4. The frightened rabbit desperately struggled against the dogs vicious teeth, but to no avail.

Parts of speech • A word can be an N, V, Adj, and an Adv. • They change when word endings change (suffixes) or when how we use them in the sentence changes. • Examples: Love 1. I love you. (V) 2. There is no greater gift than love. (N) 3. He is so lovable. (Adj) 4. He held her lovingly. (Adv)

Practice: • Label what part of speech the underlined word is in each sentence. 1. My brother is so helpful. 2. Can you help me with this problem? 3. She is running for secretary. 4. That runner is sure fast. 5. She spoke softly in class. 6. The rain felt soft against her skin. 7. She looked adoringly at her husband. 8. Aren’t these puppies adorable?

Review The dark brown suitcase sat precariously halfway off the ledge. 1. ____ is a noun because… 2. ____ is an adjective because… 3. ____ is a verb because… 4. ____ is an adverb because…

Preposition • a word that shows some relationship or position between a noun and its object. • Example: • To, of, in, over, above, below, beneath, through, next to, before, after, inside, between…etc.

Your Turn Circle the prepositions in each of the following sentences: 1. The girl wrote to her father. 2. After the ceremony is over, I plan on taking the subway through Manhattan. 3. Leslie is always in the front of the line.

Conjunctions • A conjunction joins words, phrases, or clauses together • Example: FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)

Practice • Circle and label all the prepositions and conjunctions 1. I plan on playing both the Violin and the cello at the concert. 2. Would you rather watch the game or be playing in it? 3. I started to get sea sick, so I went below deck.

Practice 2 • Circle and label all the prepositions and conjunctions 1. After the party is over, I want to go to the end of the pier and jump in. 2. I do not wish to sit beside Betsy, nor do I want to be placed behind Alex. 3. I want to bake cookies so I can thank my TA’s for stacking books on my shelves and grading papers.

Complete Sentence A complete sentence is made up of 3 things: 1. The subject (Noun(s) doing the action) 2. The predicate (Main verb(s)/action) 3. A complete thought Example: The three boys ran to the school bus. Subject Predicate

Explain if the sentence is missing the subject, predicate, or complete thought. Write complete if it’s good. 1. The old decaying house. 1. Missing predicate 2. Ran further than anyone could have possibly imagined. 3. After Susan was finished with her homework. 4. Praying and weeping their case. 5. My poor old dog died last week. 6. Far out into the sea, the angry grey birds. 7. During my Dad’s practice band session.

Explain if the sentence is missing the subject, predicate, or complete thought. Write complete if it’s good. 1. The old decaying house. Missing Predicate 2. Ran further than anyone could have possibly imagined. Missing Subject 3. After Susan was finished with her homework. Missing complete thought 1. Praying and weeping their case. Missing subject 2. My poor old dog died last week. Complete 3. Far out into the sea, the angry grey birds. Missing predicate 4. During my Dad’s practice band session. Missing complete thought

Review 1: • Label the subject and predicate in each sentence. If it is missing a subject or predicate, rewrite the sentence so it is correct. 1. The tree grew out of the cemetery plot. 2. The over-sized angry Rottweiler. 3. The music was played by the musicians. 4. Created the most beautiful picture I have ever seen. 5. Susan played tackle football last night.

Review 2 • Label the subject and predicate… correct the sentence if anything is missing. 1. Over the steep embankment. 2. My mother said there’d be days like this. 3. Sprinting and frolicking through the trees. 4. The house around the corner was built by Lowes. 5. The rich old miserly man with grey whiskers.

Review # 3 • Label the subject and predicate… correct the sentence if anything is missing. 1. The music was played by the soloist. 2. After school, the entire football team. 3. Happily ran down the street. 4. Ever since I left college. 5. Reading all the news and sports columns. 6. The feather was blown in the wind.

Review # 4 • Label the subject and predicate… correct the sentence if anything is missing. 1. Before I finish baking. 2. The girl smiled sweetly. 3. The crooked old house with titled windows. 4. The letter was written by Mary. 5. Blissfully enjoying the summer’s evening.

Simple Sentences • A simple sentence has one independent clause (Contains only one subject, one predicate and one complete thought). Example- Mary washed the dishes. -The dogs and cats played outside. -The car whirled and spun out of control.

Types of sentences • A declarative sentence makes a statement and has a period as ending punctuation. – Example: Joanna went shopping at the mall. • An interrogative sentence asks a question and has a question mark as ending punctuation. – Example: Would you mind cooking your own dinner tonight?

Types of sentences continued • An imperative sentence gives a command or makes a request and has a period as ending punctuation. – Examples: Don’t tell me what to do. Command – Mother, sing a song for us. Request • An exclamatory sentence expresses surprise or strong emotions and has an exclamation point as ending punctuation. – Example: I can’t believe you said that!

Compound sentences • A compound sentence has two or more independent clauses (complete sentences), joined together by a comma and a conjunction. – Example: Ken asked his teacher for his homework, but he didn’t follow her advice.

Complex Sentences • Definition: A complex sentence has an independent clause and at least one dependent clause. • An independent clause means that there is a subject and a predicate that expresses a complete thought. (Can stand by itself as a complete sentence) • A dependent (subordinate) clause means that there is a subject and a verb that does not express a complete thought. (Can’t stand alone as a complete sentence) – Example: Ty completed all his chores (independent clause) + after eating his lunch (dependant clause)

Compound-complex sentence • Definition: A compound-complex sentence has two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent (subordinate) clause – Example: After eating his lunch (dependent clause) + Ty completed all his chores (independent clause) + and he read the newspaper (independent clause) = After eating his lunch, Ty completed all his chores and he read the newspaper.

Sentence fragments • A sentence fragment is only part of a complete sentence. It does not express a complete thought.

Run-On Sentences • A sentence run-on has two or more independent clauses connected together as if they were one sentence.

Pronoun-Base Form Verb Agreement • It is important that you use the correct verb forms when writing. The verb forms will depend on the nouns or pronouns used in the sentence. – Examples: – I smile often. First person singular – She smiles often. Third person singular (adds s) – She should smile more often. After “do” and modals – To smile often is preferred. Infinitive

Present Participle • The present participle adds a “to be” verb is, am, are, was, were, being, been + __ing. • The present participle takes the present progressive form to show continuous action. • Example: is + __ing is hiking Matt is hiking the Appalachian Trail.

Active Voice 1. Start with Subject 2. Then Predicate 3. No linking Verbs (is, are, have, has, been, were, am) Passive: The ball was thrown by Jim. Active: Jim Threw the ball.

Active Voice 1. Starts with Subject 2. Then Predicate 3. No linking verbs (is, are, am, being, have, has, were, was) Incorrect: The ball was thrown by Jim LV Predicate Subject Correct: Jim threw the ball

Practice 1 Directions: Change the passive sentences to active ones. Label the subject and predicate. 1. The girls were asked to leave by the principal. 2. The house was constructed by my father’s company. 3. Mom cooked dinner last night. 4. The lawn was watered by the sprinkler. 5. The light is shining brightly. 6. The house sat on the shady side of the hill. 7. He has acted foolishly tonight.

Practice # 2 Change these sentences to active ones 1. The experiment was conducted by the scientist. 2. The mountain was sat on by the lake. 3. The lake was fished on by the men. 4. The girl’s dress was glistening beautifully. 5. The books were sitting on the edge.

Active Voice • Subject then predicate, no linking verbs • If the subject is missing, you must add one • Example: Incorrect: The music was beautifully played. – No subject… it never says WHO played it Correct: The band played the music beautifully.

Practice # 3 Change sentences into active voice: add subjects if necessary 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The girl was invited to the party by Stacy. The board game was played. The room was looking dull and shabby. The car was driven too fast. The lights were turned off by Tim.

Quick write- For each Phrase explain if you agree and why or why not. � 1. When I become a parent, I will spy on my teenaged son or daughter to find out what he or she is doing. � 2. The Internet can be a dangerous place. � 3. I know of friends who have chatted online with people they don’t really know. � 4. Cyber-bullying takes place on social networking sites (i. e. , Facebook, My. Space, etc. ) among my friends.

Quick write- For each Phrase explain if you agree or not and why. � 5. If you’re old enough to go on the Internet, you’re old enough to know the dangers. � 6. Parents should monitor some of their teens’ Internet use. � 7. Teens’ social networking profiles should be set at the highest privacy settings. � 8. Teens have a right to privacy.

Practice #4 Change the sentences from passive to active 1. Anita was driven to theatre. 2. The letter was mailed by Marylyn. 3. A suspect was questioned for 16 hours by the police. 4. The boat was thrown and tossed. 5. The maid’s ghost was haunting the area.

Practice # 5 Change these sentences into active voice, add subjects if necessary 1. The clothes were knitted and sewn 2. The grapes were harvested by the workers. 3. On top of the mountain sat the old little house. 4. The school board was voting on that issue. 5. That ensemble was artfully designed.

Practice # 6 Turn the passive sentences into active ones 1. The mouse was eaten by the cat. 2. The Mississippi River is being contaminated by several factories waste products. 3. My friend is being interviewed on the news right now! 4. My groceries were stolen by some tall guy today. 5. Jerry was hurt badly by the guy who crashed into him.

Modifiers • A modifier is any word or phrase that describes something – Example: The black bear with the razor sharp teeth stared at me. • Modifier Rule: – The modifier must always be placed next to the word it modifies.

Misplaced Modifier =( • A modifier is misplaced when it is not next to the word it describes – Incorrect: The black bear stared at me with the razor sharp teeth.

Practice 1 rewrite the following sentences, placing the modifiers in the correct spot 1. He bought a dog for his sister called Colin. 2. Andrew told us after the holiday that he intends to stop drinking. 3. We will not sell paraffin to anyone in glass bottles. 4. Then you’ll be able to survive just about anything that life throws at you with confidence and style. 5. She saw a moose on the way to the store

Practice 2 Rewrite the sentences moving the modifier by the word it describes 1. One morning I shot an elephant in my pajamas 2. We borrowed a bike from my neighbor with a flat tire. 3. The girl ate the cereal with the pink dress. 4. I held the ticket tightly in my hand that my friend gave me

Practice # 3 • Rewrite the following sentences, placing the modifier next to the word it describes 1. He saw a woman walking her Rottweiler in high heels. 2. We learned that William Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet in our English class. 3. They arrived just as the lecture started on scooters. 4. We took the car into the shop that had engine trouble. 5. Climbing the fence, my grandma saw my little brother

Practice # 4 Misplaced modifiers 1. The tall boy led the parade with red hair. 2. The new student will take the corner seat wearing the muscle shirt. 3. Kathy donated a television to the Youth Center that she no longer used. 4. Totally destroyed by the tornado, he had to rebuild his barn.

Sometimes a modifier is misplaced because the subject it describes is missing… so in this case add a subject 1. While taking a nap, the volcano erupted 2. While standing in line, the thunder could be heard. 3. After watching the game, the snacks were put away.

Comma Rules: 1. Place a comma after an introductory clause/phrase Ex: Before school lets out, I plan on getting my assignments. -Check: can take everything before the comma out and the sentence still make sense. 2. Surround additional or interrupting information with commas (appositives) Ex: The Hoover Dam, constructed from 1932 -1936, was a feat among modern architecture. -Check: Can you take everything surrounded by commas out

Add Commas to where they belong in the sentences 1. During the basketball game George scored three points. 2. My school Arroyo Valley High School is located in San Bernardino. 3. My friend Pete a veterinarian in Davis looked at my dog when he got sick. 4. Although I disagree with you completely I understand why you chose to defend that position.

Add Commas to where they belong 1. Mrs. Donner My 9 th grade English teacher taught us about commas. 2. Javier Uribe Ms. Donner’s T. A. 2 nd period has a big presentation today. 3. Despite several attempts Michael still can not jump the ramp on his board. 4. While class was in session it begun to rain. 5. The Statue of Liberty a famous American symbol of freedom was given to the US as a gift by the French people.

Combining sentences 1. When combining two sentences together, use a conjunction and a comma. Mary stayed up late, and her father was not pleased. 2. When combining two sentences together, use a semicolon if you don’t want to use a conjunction. Mary stayed up late; her father was not pleased.

Conjunctions • FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) • COMMA SPLICE =( – Never combine two sentences with a comma if you are not using a conjunction!!!

Practice 1: Combine both sentences using a comma, choose the appropriate conjunction. 1. I was grounded all weekend. I wasn’t able to go to the hike. 2. I enjoy camping. I enjoy fishing too. 3. I studied hard for the test. I failed anyway. 4. I hurt myself badly. I forced myself on stage because the show had to go on.

Practice 2 Combine both sentences using a comma, choose the appropriate conjunction. 1. I love it in the spring time. I enjoy the summer too. 2. You can either do your vocabulary homework. You can risk failing the test. 3. I don’t want to go to the game, _______ do I want to go to the play either. 4. Can you pick up the ingredients at the market? I can make dinner.

2 nd Semester Review 1. Complete sentences have a subject, predicate, and a complete thought 2. Active sentences start with the subject, and avoid linking verbs. 3. Modifiers always go next to the word they describe, otherwise they are misplaced.

Explain what is wrong and fix it 1. The mine workers were rescued by the National Guard. 2. The overly plump woman with no shoes. 3. The man sat on the chair with the hat. 4. Racing like cheetahs through the grass. 5. The man played the music piano beautifully.

Explain what is wrong and fix it 1. After watching the newest Star Wars. 2. Sword fighting is the sport I plan to practice. 3. Most fencers wear suits over their bodies that are white and protective. 4. Lazily fishing all day long. 5. We were watching the fight as it unfolded.

Review Comma Rules 1. After an introductory clause – After school lets out, …. . . 2. Surrounding additional information – …. , who lives in New Jersey, . . 3. When combining two sentences with a conjunction (FANBOYS) – Mary is smart, and Mary is a dancer.

Add commas where they belong 1. During the winter break I enjoyed spending time with my family. 2. Saint Nicholas known to many as Santa Clause lived in Northern Europe long ago. 3. Although I love Hot Cheetos I need to stop eating them because they are causing my stomach pain. 4. I wanted to input test scores over break but the web site was down.

Semicolons are used in 3 different ways 1. When the subject matter in two sentences CLOSELY relate to one another, you can combine both sentences using a semicolon. The night sky was darkening; it was difficult to see. The night sky was darkening. I decided that I would turn west.

Combining sentences: Semicolons Sentence # 1; Fancy conjunction, sentence #2 Fancy conjunctions (aka: conjunctive adverbs): Therefore For instance However For example Nonetheless On the other hand Additionally On the contrary Consequently Furthermore

Practice: Decide where the periods, semicolons and commas go. 1. I sat quietly in math class suddenly I remembered that I was suppose to take out the trash this morning. 2. I’ll talk you to prom however that does not make you my girlfriend. 3. I’ll never forget August 22 that was the day my dad left.

Practice: Decide where the periods, semicolons and commas go. 1. Life is like a box of chocolates you never know what you’re going to get. 2. I ate last night when I woke up this morning I didn’t even feel hungry. 3. I have a huge migraine nonetheless I will try to present the information as clearly as possible. 4. The new house beautifully sat in the countryside my spirits felt unusually high.

Example: I hate to leave you here; on the other hand, I think it might help build your independence. Practice # 1: 1. I feel sick today. I will have to miss work. 2. Getting a college education is beneficial. My friend Ralph got a job making 90 k right after he graduated. 3. I didn’t complete my homework. My grade dropped down.

Semicolons are used in 3 different ways 3. To separate items in a list that use commas or are long and complex. Ex: I wanted to go to Cedar City, Utah; Boise, Idaho; and Nashville, Tennessee.

Practice: Add semicolons, commas, and periods where they belong. 1. For lunch I’m making spaghetti with meat sauce garlic bread with parmesan cheese and a zesty salad with walnuts strawberries and feta cheese. 2. I plan on helping my mother clean her house by sweeping mopping and dusting take care of the yard by raking up leaves and mowing the lawn and babysit by helping the kids with their homework making them a snack and providing activities for them to do.

Fix the following sentences by following the instructions 1. Add a comma and a conjunction The military ball is expensive I’ll find a way to go anyway. 2. Add a semicolon Allyssa snuck out last night her dad was furious. 3. Add a semicolon, a fancy conjunction, and a comma There are many things you can do to help the community you can volunteer at soup kitchens or animal shelters.

Apostrophes • Apostrophes are used only two times. 1. When combining two words into a contraction. Ex: We will = we’ll Do not =don’t 2. When showing that something belongs to someone. Ex: That is Sam’s cat.

Side note If a word ends in an –s, than you put the apostrophe after the s. Example: Charles’ girlfriend

Practice # 1 Fix the following sentences using your apostrophe rules 1. I cant believe that Susannas dog died. 2. We wont be participating in the games this year. 3. I love pool’s, barbeque’s, and other summer things. 4. Luis paper wasnt bad at all.

More apostrophe rules 4. Use and apostrophe when omitting the first two digits from a year. Example: Class of ‘ 17 (2017) 5. Use and apostrophe when taking letters, numbers or words out of context. Example: Don’t forget to cross your t’s You said too many um’s in your speech

Practice #2: Fix the apostrophes using the apostrophe rules 1. Thats Johns book; yours is on the back table with Carlos things. 2. Jesus and Jerrys project was the last submitted in 15. 3. I couldve sworn that there were two ss in buses, but my sister says its not true. 4. “Wash and take care of the car, ” said Jeffs dad, “because its going to be yours and your brothers one day. ”

Fixing run-on-sentences 1. Combine two sentences together, using a conjunction and a comma. Mary stayed up late, and her father was not pleased. 2. Combine two sentences together, use a semicolon if you don’t want to use a conjunction. Mary stayed up late; her father was not pleased. 3. Combine sentences using a semicolon, a fancy conjunction, and a comma. , Mary stayed up late; Consequently her father was not pleased.

Fix the following run on sentences using all three methods 1. Chris didnt like his math class, he believed his teacher was Satan himself. 2. I couldn’t believe that Samanthas dad won the lottery it couldn’t have happened to a better family.

Practice # 10 Comma rules, run-on-sentences, not a complete sentence, parallel structure, verb tense matches, passive not active sentences. 1. On top of going to school I participate in two clubs and am part of the swim team. 2. The house was lit on fire by the activists. 3. Next year I plan on go to college to start my career. 4. The unforgettably large house with the blue fence. 5. Jim crow a set of laws that caused segregation in the country lasted until the late 1960’s. 6. I wish I could go to art school to learn how to paint and drawing too.

Practice 11 Comma rules, run-on-sentences, not a complete sentence, parallel structure, verb tense matches, passive not active sentences. 1. The house around the corner was built by Lowes. 2. The rich old miserly man with grey whiskers. 3. Before school is over I plan on finishing my assignment. 4. Last Thursday I act in the school play. 5. I wanted to go to the party but I was grounded. 6. While I was at the mall I bought lunch, hung out with friends, and went shopping for clothes.

Practice 12 Comma rules, run-on-sentences, not a complete sentence, parallel structure, verb tense matches, passive not active sentences and spelling errors and other mistakes. 1. I love going to the movies, eating popcorn, and to have fun with my family. 2. With much gratitude, the tired woman. 3. Its always hard to read Johns writing. 4. Helen Scott the winner of this weeks lottery must report to the main office in Sacramento. 5. Jimmy was given a gift from those people over their. 6. In the beginning we couldn’t figure out why there was to much fungus growing in the lake. 7. John paid for it and I am having a hard time excepting his generosity.

Vocab warm-up 1. She stood on the _____ skyscraper. 2. He looks rather sickly and _____; therefore, he won’t have a good _____. 3. This minister is evil. He does not _____ what it means to be godly; consequently, I regret the day the church _____(ed) him. 4. My headache is making me moody and _____. I wish there was a way I could _______ the pain.

5. She is so _______; I told her there was school next Monday, and she believed me! 6. As I walked down the dark silent street, I got an ______ feeling that something bad was about to happen. Homework: 1. Write 2 synonyms and 2 antonyms for each word 2. Write a letter using all 10 vocabulary words 3. Write a spelling pyramid for each word 4. Study for the test on Friday!!!

Vocabulary warm-up 1. The streets cross, forming _____ line’s. 2. I hear North Korea is _______(ing) a great number of nuclear weapons consequently I am feeling a great sense of ______ about the future. 3. When the kids was throwing paper I was _____ and when he began to cuss at other students, I became ____! 4. On the CAHSEE be _____ about checking your work. Dont think that _____(ing) your thoughts is enough. It would be a huge ____ if you do not go over your work.

Vocabulary warm-up 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. I want to go on the ______ this summer to Utah with CORE Academy. I can’t help but be amazed at how vast and _______ the ocean is. I heard that the ancient Chinese used ground up tortoise shells as an ________ among married couples. I got lost at theme park. I kept going in circles and hitting dead ends, it seemed like it was a giant _______. That girl always has to be wearing the best styles, and I always catch her looking in the mirror. She is so _________. When the sun came out, I went outside to see the beautiful __________. Michael is my ______ at Mario Kart, but I will defeat him one day.

Homework 1. 2. 3. 4. 2 synonyms and 2 antonyms for each word Write a letter using each word Create a spelling pyramid for each word Study for the vocabulary test

Homophones- words that sound the same • There- location. . . over there • Their- it belongs to them. . . it's their car • They're- contraction for they are. . . they're going to the movies

exercises: • 1. I want _____ house; it is so beautiful. • 2. I can't believe that _____ going to perform tonight! • 3. Please put all the required paperwork _______.

Homophones II • It’s= contraction for it is – It’s beautiful • Its= belongs to it – Table lost its leg • To= I am going to the store • Too=too much or also – I ate too much too • Two= more than one – Two shoes • Know= understand • Now= right away

Practice 1. I wanted ____ get a new bookshelf because mine had broken _______ shelf. 2. I have ______ houses _______ that I’ve gotten married. 3. _____ frustrating to see kids not do their homework when they should ____ better. 4. I’m going to have fun and win prizes ______.

Figurative language Directions: Explain is it personification, metaphor, simile, or just figurative language, and explain what it means. 1. I move like a cheetah on the Serengeti. 2. Her head was spinning from all the new information. 3. I’m traveling down this bumpy road I call life. 4. The toast jumped out of the toaster. 5. I'm so hungry I could eat a horse. 6. The Redcoats are coming!

Homophones part 3 • Accept- to take something – I accept your apology • Except- not including that one – I like all candy except smarties • Which- Choice between – Which one should I choose? • Witch – The wicked witch of the West • Weather- how it is outside – The weather is really off lately • Whether- – Whether or not you decide to go is up to you

Homophones part 4 • Affect- Emotionally – When my father lost his job it affected his confidence. • Effect- physically – The effects of acid rain are dire • Are-state of being – The boys are tall • Our- belongs to us – That is our car

Practice problems 1. I won’t _____ that answer. Of course not studying for a test will _____ your grade. 2. When everyone got invited to the party _____ for me, it really hurt and ____ me in a deep way. 3. ______ or not ______ team wins, at least we gave it ____ best shot.

Homophones practice: (Its/It’s) surprising how little rain California is getting this year. The governor has declared an official drought for (our/are) state. He has asked us to reduce (our/are) water usage by 20% before CA loses all (its/it’s) water. (There/their/they’re) has to be something we can do. We can not (except/accept) water waste anymore. If people waste (to/too/two) much water than (there/their/they’re) being irresponsible citizens. I hope this speech had some (affect/effect) on you today.

Denotation and Connotation • Denotation: The dictionary definition of the word • Connotation: The feeling that the word evokes • Example: That bag is cheap. – Denotation: Inexpensive – Negative connotation: of poor quality

Practice #1: Write down the denotation and connotation for each word. Explain if the connotation is positive or negative 1. Pig: a) Denotation: b) Connotation: 2. Mother: a) Denotation: b) Connotation: 3. Vacation: a) Denotation: b) Connotation:

Practice #2: Write down the denotation and connotation for each word. Explain if the connotation is positive or negative • 1. Music a) Denotation: b) Connotation: • 2. Skinny a) Denotation: b) Connotation: • 3. depressed a) Denotation: b) Connotation:

Practice #3 1. Write down the denotative meaning for the word Intelligent. 2. Find one synonym that for the word intelligent that has a positive connotation. 3. Find one synonym that for the word intelligent that has a Negative connotation.

Practice #4: Write the denotative and connotative meanings for each word 1. Snake a) b) c) d) Best Friend Limbless reptile Evil Doer Vicious beast 2. House a) b) c) d) Dream Home Comfortable Hovel Building to live in 3. Boss c) d) e) f) Employer Pushy Weak Domineering 4. Rich c) d) e) f) Snobby Wealthy Cheap Mean

Diction • Diction: Word Choice • Word Choice matters. Sometimes we can replace a word with a synonym that makes our writing clearer, or provides the desired connotation (feeling). • Example: • Negative: Grandma is getting senile in her old age, and is constantly lying. • Positive: Now that grandma is in her golden years she is getting forgetful and sometimes misspeaks.

Practice #1: Pick the word choice that is most precise (Fits meaning and tone) 1. Now, Jose’s department runs the business database for all customers. (Repairs, maintains) 2. The school was once named Central High. (Originally, never) 3. The town grew to include the surrounding areas. (increased, expanded) 4. The office computers are always on. (being operated, never off)

Diction, denotation and connotation Directions: You are going to write the same example TWO different ways, using diction (word choice) to choose synonyms that have the connotation you want. Here is the topic. 1. The man is the youngest employee working at our firm. 1. Positive: 2. Negative: 2. The girl is always talking to the managers. 1. Positive: 2. Negative:

Example answers 1. The man is the youngest employee working at our firm. 1. Positive: That man is the most youthful and energetic employee working at this firm. 2. Negative: That man is the most inexperienced and immature employee working at our firm. 2. The girl is always talking to the managers. 1. Positive: The girl is good at communicating with her supervisors. 2. Negative: The girl is constantly kissing up to the bosses.

Connotation: positive vs negative 1. A person who does not weigh a lot Positive negative Thin anorexic 2. Someone who does not spend a lot of money Positive Negative economical cheap 3. Someone who does well in school Positive Negative intelligent Brainy

Denotation and Connotation #1: Directions: Rewrite each sentence In two ways: one to make the situation sound better and the other one to make it sound worse. Only change the underlined word or phrase. Keep the denotation the same. Given Sentence: I was deeply angered when my sister ruined my sweater. Better: I was annoyed when my sister ruined my sweater. Worse: I was outraged when my sister ruined my sweater. 1. Mark destroyed John’s football, but offered to replace it. 2. The car accident left the girl’s arm damaged. 3. Our dinner was burnt last night. 4. The young man didn’t have much money.

Denotation and Connotation #2: Directions: Rewrite each sentence In two ways: one to make the situation sound better and the other one to make it sound worse. Only change the underlined word or phrase. Keep the denotation the same. Given Sentence: I was deeply angered when my sister ruined my sweater. Better: I was annoyed when my sister ruined my sweater. Worse: I was outraged when my sister ruined my sweater. 1. Your speech yesterday was lousy. 2. That secret was hurtful to me, I wish I’d never found out! 3. Our vacation was awful because the airlines lost our luggage. 4. We were all very sad after we were told the news.

Practice: Use context clues to determine meaning Broadway is a street in 1. denotes: New York City; however, a. Changes b. Represents the word Broadway c. Understands d. Names denotes the world of live 2. Thrilling: theatre. Going to see a a. Boring b. Exciting live show is thrilling to the c. Imposing d. difficult audience because they actually watch the actors 3. Enhance: a. Intensify b. lessen preform live on stage. c. Complicate c. ruin Costumes, sets, and music enhance the production.

Practice #1: Add quotation marks where they belong (look at rule handout) 1. Let’s go sighed Trish, so we don’t get marked tardy. 1. Katrina told me that I should not be in the band. 1. I read a magazine article called Trouble in Paradise. 1. My cousin called and said, We need you to settle an argument. Can you help us?

The Colon (: ) 1. To note what follows 1. 2. Use a colon after the greeting in a business letter 2. Dear Sirs: 3. Bible verses 3. Matthew 28: 19 -20 4. Time 4. 6: 20 5. Divide topics in lists 5. Please pick up the following: The car comes with everything: A CD player, working AC, electric windows…

Hyphens (-) To divide a word at the end of the line (only on syllable breaks) To write fractions . . . . George was work. Ing hard for his family. Two-thirds With the following prefixes: ex-wife , self-, all-, and the suffix –elect. Anti-American When using a compound A well-made movie adjective (two or more words A nicely arranged room (no that work together to describe hyphen) a noun)

Colon and hyphen Practice: write the words that need colons or hyphens added to them To my fellow shareholders I realize that our stock has dropped by one third over the past quarter, but as the president elect for this company, I urge you not to sell. Once in office I plan on doing the following produce a higher yield of our product to our buyers, increase land sea operations, and cut out product lines that are not making money. I ultimately plan to bring a profit to all eighty eight of our members.

Titles 1. Use Italics or underline the titles of longer works such as plays and novels and feature length films. – Romeo and Juliet – The Wizard of OZ 2. Use quotation marks to set off the titles of shorter works such as poems, short stories, and articles. -“The Necklace” -“The Charge of the Light Brigade” 3. Capitalize the first word and all the main words used in titles. – (See examples above)

Fix the titles 1. I read an article titled, the effects of marijuana on the teenage brain. 2. Did you see finding dori yet? 3. I loved reading a tell-tale heart. 4. I cried at the end of the novel of mice and men.

Other Comma rules 4. To set off introductory words -Well, I think you should have thought that through. 5. To set off the direct address to a person -I can’t be your friend anymore, Louise. Katie, can I have a word with you? 6. When no other rule is stated, but it is needed for clarity. Let’s eat grandma vs Let’s eat, grandma

Comma Rule practice 1. Father I am not your little girl anymore. 2. However I did remember to rake the leaves. 3. The computer the grey one on the table will work well for you Richard.

Body paragraphs Topic Sentence. Proof from story Why this is important… your feelings about it In the beginning of the story, Jeff was afraid to go get help. This is seen when he says, “But I’m scared! I don’t even want to have courage!” His emotions here are understandable, considering that he was being asked to hike through a dangerous canyon alone to get help, but what other choice did they have?

Body paragraphs Topic Sentence Eventually Jeff begins to have more courage. This happens because he remembers that he is doing this to save his brothers life. This is seen where is says, “[…]he was limping Proof from story badly. […]getting him medical attention was their only choice. ” This is important because it shows how Why this is important… your Jeff is willing to face his fears, and the feelings about it perils of the rocks and ledges, because he loves his brother.

Conclusion By the end of the story, Jeff • Restate thesis in had proven himself to be a different words determined hero, even though he started his journey out terrified of the hike. I believe we all can • Reveal a bigger learn a lesson from the emotions and qualities Jeff demonstrated in picture or idea this story. If someone needs to the reader, help, it is important for us to explain what stand up, like Jeff, and face our they should learn or get from fears to help out if necessary. your essay

First Last Name Ms. Donner English II per # January 31, 2014 CAHSEE Lit terms test Number 1 -28

Fix the errors in the following sentences 1. After school is over I plan on going to there house. 2. The payment was accepted by my bank. 3. Washington DC the capital of the United States has one of the highest crime rates in America right know. (Passive/active voice…homophones… comma rules)

Fix the errors Part II 1. I dont want to go because I feel sick but I dont want to miss my test either. 2. Those houses were built by my fathers construction crew. 3. Its amazing how the San Andreas Fault located beneath San Bernardino has not erupted yet.

Fix the errors part III 1. I believe their our a lot of ways young people can positively affect they’re community for example they can volunteer to work with the department of Parks and Recreation. 2. The copies were made by the secretary. 3. Joses shoes never quiet fit him right but, he always wore them anyway.

Capitalization The following things should always be capitalized: • names of proper nouns • the word “I” • the first word in every sentence • days/months • Titles (First word and all important words) • Find the two words in each group that should be capitalized. • 1. me wendy book country spain • 2. flow airplane tuesday language officer hux • 3. doctor toyota blanket finding nemo flag pole • 4. south street mcdonalds street welcome teacher • 5. high school table english friend june

Capitalization Part 2 The following things should always be capitalized: names of proper nouns, • the word “I”, the first word in every sentence, days, months, and titles. Correct the following sentences for proper capitalization. Please rewrite the whole sentence in your notebook. If the sentence is correct, write “correct as is. ” 1. my sister, michelle, is one of the kindest people I know. 2. our neighbor, mr. Johnson, enjoys traveling; his favorite country is italy. 3. When i go shopping with my mom, we like to get pretzels from auntie anne’s. 4. Did you like playing with the dog at the pet store? 5. over at tom davis elementary school the students enjoy three hours of recess! 6. how do you like living in your city?

Helen of Troy Read the story 1. Create a list of important characters (10): Name Who they were… what they did 2. Create a list of important events (10 -15): Story events in order 1. 2. 3. Create 3 questions that you think would be good on your next test

Greek Origin Questions 1. The Greeks created myths in order to… 2. The world came from a state of nothingness that the Greeks called… 3. Gaea, mother Earth, and father sky produce these strange creatures: 4. What did Uranus do to his children? Who was Kronus and how did he stop him? 5. What did Kronus do to his own children?

6. How did Rhea save Zeus? 7. How did Zeus save his brothers and sisters? 8. How did they defeat their father? What was Zeus’ dangerous idea? 9. How did Zeus and his brothers decide who got what power?

Name of God Zeus Poseidon Hades Hera Demeter Hestia Athena Aphrodite Hephaestus Apollo Hermes Artimis Power/god of

CAHSEE Questions 1. That collection of essays, John wants on the bottom shelf. A) John wants them, that collection of essays. B) John wants that collection of essays. C) Wanted by John, that collection of essays. D) Leave as is. Write the correct answer, and explain why it is correct

CAHSEE Questions 2. My sister a high school freshman, is trying for the school play. A) My sister, a high school freshman, is trying for the school play. B) My sister: a high school freshman is trying for the school play. C) My sister a high school freshman is trying for the school play. D) Leave as is

CAHSEE Questions 3. Uncle Yari often said; “My way is the best way. ” A) said “My way is the best way. ” B) said, “My way is the best way”. C) said, “My way is the best way. ” D) Leave as is