prefer noun to noun Peter prefers The Times

prefer + noun + to + noun (общее предпочтение) Peter prefers The Times to the Daily Mirror. (Петр предпочитает газету The Times газете the Daily Mirror) would prefer + full Infinitive + rather than + bare infinitive (особое предпочтение) a) I'd prefer to skate rather than ski. (Я бы предпочел покататься на коньках, чем на лыжах) b) I'd prefer to have water rather than (have) Sprite. (Я бы предпочел выпить воду, чем (выпить) Sprite)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. We’d better take an umbrella — it may rain. I would rather you didn’t help the man. I would rather we stayed at home today. You’d better go to the science museum. He’d better stop and have a rest if he feels tired.

6. Now it’s too late so I’d rather take a taxi than walk home. 7. The children had better play in the yard. 8. Don’t come tonight. I’d rather you came tomorrow. 9. I’d rather you didn't do that this weekend. 10. Would you rather listen or tell the story?

I don’t like the idea of working for somebody else. rather I would rather work for myself.

1 John is more interested in studying photography than design. prefers John _______________ design. 2 You should decide on your course quickly. better You _______________ make your mind up about your course soon. 3 My mum doesn’t like working in a bank. rather My mum _______________ work in a bank. 4 That’s a really bad idea. had You _______________ do that. 5 Most people think it’s better to have a job than to be unemployed. prefer The majority of people _______________ work than to be unemployed. 6 I don’t really want to leave home to go to university. would I _______________ home to go to university.

Exercise 5 1 prefers studying photography to 2 had better 3 would rather not 4 had better not 5 (would) prefer to 6 would rather not leave / would prefer not to leave

Следующие глаголы встречаются только в форме Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object. ask cost allow refuse charge wish We asked him a question (Неправильно: We asked a question to him). Мы задали ему вопрос. Mark said he was taking his exam this afternoon. I wished him good luck. Марк сказал, что сдает экзамен сегодня днем. Я пожелал ему удачи. These jeans cost me twenty pounds. Эти джинсы обошлись мне в двадцать фунтов. They allowed their children greater freedom. Они дали своим детям больше свободы.

Глаголы-исключения (Verb + Direct Object + to + Indirect Object) • • • Carry Prove Describe Repeat Explain Report Introduce Say Mention Suggest

Decide whether the words in bold are subjects, direct objects or indirect objects 1. She sent her friend an email. 2. Sally will help you with your housework. 3. Where did you put the keys? 4. He gave them a bag full of money. 5. Alice wrote a book on the French revolution. 6. I need your help. 7. He offered her a flower. 8. My father bought us a new TV set. 9. John sold me his car. 10. I wish you good luck

Identify the subject, the direct object, and the indirect object or the object of the preposition in each sentence. Example: Our teacher gave us some work to do. subject: _____teacher____ / direct object: ___work_______ / indirect object: ______us_______ 1. We sent a package to our relatives in Iowa. subject: _________ / direct object: __________ / object of the preposition: _________ 2. He told his parents a lie. subject: _________ / direct object: __________ / indirect object: __________ 3. Please hand me the remote control for the TV. subject: _________ / direct object: __________ / indirect object: __________ 4. Tina is making dinner for us. subject: _________ / direct object: __________ / object of the preposition: _________ 5. Our boss is buying us dinner. subject: _________ / direct object: __________ / indirect object: __________

0 The company gave ___–__ the manager a present for his services. 1 Give the report _____ Mr Brown, please. 2 Victoria Branston explained the secrets of her successful career _____ the audience. 3 His parents cannot possibly lend _____ him £ 10, 000 because they simply don’t have much money. 4 John’s bought a brand new computer _____ his office. 5 Anne will be away for a few days so don’t send _____ her any emails till the end of the week. 6 The boss bought some flowers _____ his secretary. It’s a way of telling her she’s doing a great job. 7 Arnold made a promise _____ his employer not to be late again. 8 He cooked dinner _____ her to celebrate her promotion. 9 He’s already damaged my new CD player. No, I’ll never lend it _____ him again.

Question Tags A positive statement is followed by a negative question tag. Jack is from Spain, isn't he? Mary can speak English, can't she? A negative statement is followed by a positive question tag. They aren't funny, are they? He shouldn't say things like that, should he?

When the verb in the main sentence is in the present simple we form the question tag with do / does. • You play the guitar, don't you? • Alison likes tennis, doesn't she? • If the verb is in the past simple we use did. • They went to the cinema, didn't they? • She studied in New Zealand, didn't she?

Exceptions Some verbs / expressions have different question tags. For example: I am - I am attractive, aren't I? Positive imperative - Stop daydreaming, will / won't you? Negative imperative - Don't stop singing, will you? Let's - Let's go to the beach, shall we? Have got (possession) - He has got a car, hasn't he? There is / are - There aren't any spiders in the bedroom, are there? This / that is - This is Paul's pen, isn't it?

1 Someone who can’t stop shopping. ________ 2 A piece of paper from the bank which you can use instead of money. ________ 3 A piece of paper the cashier gives you every time you pay. ________ 4 You can order products which you receive by post from a ________. 5 A plastic card you can use to pay if you don’t have cash. ________ 6 A product at an unusually low price. ________

1 Let’s buy her a gift, 2 You didn’t actually pay that much, 3 You have brought your credit card, 4 Don’t forget the receipt, 5 They were lucky to get the house so cheaply, 6 You haven’t used up all your pocket money, 7 Mary really likes silly hats, 8 Prices keep going up, 9 You had the money in your purse when you left, 10 That wasn’t a very successful shopping trip,

Although and even though have a similar meaning to despite and in spite of. We use all of these words to say that a thing is surprising, unusual or unexpected in relation to another thing. This is called concession. While the meaning of these words is similar, there is a difference in how we use them. Although and even though are conjunctions. They have the same meaning. Even though is a little stronger than although. We use these structures: although + a clause even though + a clause We decided to buy the house even though we didn’t really have enough money. You keep making that stupid noise even though I’ve asked you to stop three times

In spite of / despite After in spite of and despite we use a noun or a pronoun. We enjoyed our camping holiday in spite of the rain. Despite the pain in his leg he completed the marathon. Despite having all the necessary qualifications, they didn’t offer me the job. Remember that the gerund (‘-ing’ form) is the ‘noun’ form of a verb. The only difference between in spite of and despite is the ‘of’. We can use in spite of and despite with a subject and verb if we include the expression ‘the fact that’. In spite of the fact that he worked very hard, he didn’t manage to pass the exam. Despite the fact that he worked very hard, he didn’t manage to pass the exam.

Despite and in spite of are prepositions, and have the same meaning. They are used with these structures: • despite /in spite of + noun • despite /in spite of + ing • despite /in spite of + the fact (that) + clause

1. John is writing a letter, ? 2. She walks home from school, ? 3. The children are sitting in the garden, ? 4. You have cleaned your bike, ? 5. John and Max don't like maths, ? 6. Peter played handball yesterday, ? 7. Mary didn't do her homework last Monday, ? 8. He could have bought a new car, ? 9. Kevin will come tonight, ? 10. I'm clever, ?

• Despite of the bad weather, there was a large crowd at the match.

1. Jack washed his hands. Granny didn't give him a banana. (although) 2. I was driving at 160 kilometers an hour. I arrived late. (even though) 3. The singer forgot the lines. The concert was a great success. (despite) 4. I didn't hear my alarm clock. It rang three times. (even though) 5. The street musician played for five hours. He earned only 300 rubles. (in spite) 6. He plays the piano very well. He can't sing at all (вообще не умеет петь) (although) 7. She is a very unhappy woman. She has a rich husband. (despite)

Keys 1. Although Jack washed his hands, Granny didn't give him a banana. 2. Even though I was driving at 160 kilometers an hour, I arrived late. 3. The concert was a great success despite the fact that the singer forgot the lines. 4. Even though my alarm clock rang three times, I didn't hear it. 5. The street musician earned only 300 rubles in spite of playing for five hours. 6. He can't sing at all even though he plays the piano very well. 7. She is a very unhappy woman despite having a rich husband.

1 She hasn’t got much money but she spends a lot buying clothes. even She spends a lot buying clothes ____________________ got much money. 2 The price was high but I decided to buy it. spite I decided to buy it ____________________ high price. 3 Although the car was a bargain, I decided not to buy it. fact Despite ____________________ was a bargain, I decided not to buy it. 4 Even though I complained, they did not replace the torn jacket. complaints Despite ____________________ did not replace the torn jacket. 5 In spite of the high prices, the shop is very popular because of its high-quality products. has Although ____________________ prices, the shop is popular because of its high-quality products.

Keys 1 even though she hasn't 2 in spite of the 3 the fact that the car 4 my complaints, they 5 it has high

Choose the correct answer. 0 You should know your rights as a consumer / shopaholic. 1 I love looking round second-hand / catalogue clothes shops. 2 That house is for payment / sale. 3 The company asks for payment on condition / delivery. 4 George paid the receipt / bill for the meal with his cash card. 5 You should always try on / rent clothes before you buy them. 6 If you don’t like it when you get home, take it out / back to the shop. 7 Don’t buy electrical goods without a guarantee / condition. 8 A lot of people choose clothes that have a famous brand name / credit card. 9 You can get almost anything in this assistant / department store.

Choose the correct answer. There is an example at the beginning (0). 0 I haven’t been to the pool for years despite / although I like swimming. 1 You’d prefer / better talk to your mum before you decide. 2 Let’s all go camping, let’s not / shall we? 3 She has already worked / had already worked in three jobs before she was twenty. 4 I wonder if you could/ could you tell me when the ship leaves. 5 Although / In spite of his efforts, he couldn’t find work as a journalist. 6 Ken has acted / had been acting in theatre for years before he became famous. 7 If we don’t leave soon, the shops will have closed / will have been closing. 8 She hasn’t forgotten her ticket, has / did she? 9 I prefer / would rather go on a cruise than go sailing.

Exercise 4 1 better 2 shall we 3 had already had 4 you could 5 In spite of 6 had been acting 7 will have closed 8 has 9 would rather •

5 Complete the sentences using the correct word or phrase in the box. There is an example at the beginning (0). part-time bargain call guided tour pollution qualifications recycling package holiday 0 He received a ___call___ from his aunt late last night. 1 The __________ I booked included accommodation and the air tickets. 2 The price is extremely low. Let’s buy it. It’s a __________. 3 She went on a __________ of the area because she wanted to know more about its history. 4 __________ is a cheap way to reduce the amount of rubbish in the world. 5 __________ destroys the environment and makes our life miserable. 6 I am afraid you don’t have the necessary __________ for the job. 7 She works __________ because she’s a student and needs time to study.

Exercise 5 1 package holiday 2 bargain 3 guided tour 4 Recycling 5 Pollution 6 qualifications 7 part-time

6 Complete the sentences with the correct preposition. There is an example at the beginning (0). 0 It was foggy and he couldn’t make __out__ the shape of the ship. 1 Look _____! There’s a thief about. 2 I just like to relax when I’m _____ holiday. 3 You’ll never succeed _____ doing anything if you give up so easily. 4 My dad insists _____ recycling everything. 5 Last year, George went _____ a diet while he was at his summer camp. 6 Please turn your mobiles _____ so they won’t ring when you’re in class. 7 Greenpeace hand _____ leaflets to inform the public of local environmental issues. 8 My school is involved _____ a campaign to save electricity.

Exercise 6 1 out 2 on 3 in 4 on 5 on 6 off 7 out 8 in

7 Complete the text using the correct form of the words in brackets. There is an example at the beginning (0). Ever heard of the word shopaholic? I don’t know if there’s a scientific (0) ___explanation___ (explain) but I can give you mine. Whenever I go (1) ________, (shop) I find dozens of (2) ________ (assist) ready to help me reach a (3) ________ (decide). The (4) ________ (choose) is difficult because there are so many (5) ________ (produce) of all sizes and shapes. The problem is that I don’t have the (6) ________ (strong) to say no and I buy everything without any second (7) ________ (think). As you’ve (8) ________ (understand), I am the ideal (9) ________ (consume) for every shop owner. In fact, I am the perfect (10) ________ (custom)!

Exercise 7 1 shopping 2 assistants 3 decision 4 choice 5 products 6 strength 7 thought(s) 8 understood 9 consumer 10 customer

Write the male/female equivalent. 1 stepfather. . . , 2 brother-in-law. . , 3 nephew. . . . , 4 half-sister. . . , 5 mother-in-law. . . , 6 grandson. . , 7 great-grandfather. . . , 8 ex-husband 9 widow. . . , 10 twin sister. . ,

1. an __friendly look 2. an __interesting book 3. an __natural colour 4. an __important task 5. an __possible answer 6. an __personal letter 7. an __definite article 8. an __correct answer 9. __direct speech 10. an __regular verb 11. an __responsible person

1. an unfriendly look 2. an uninteresting book 3. an unnatural colour 4. an unimportant task 5. an impossible answer 6. an impersonal letter 7. an indefinite article 8. an incorrect answer 9. indirect speech 10. an irregular verb 11. an irresponsible person

1) He was short and overweight and generally fairly __attractive. a) dis-; b) im-; c) in-; d) un-. 2) He’s a good teacher, but tends to be a bit __patient with slow learners. a) un-; b) in-; c) im-; d) dis-. 3) It is an __logical statement, because if one part is true, then the other must be false. a) dis-; b) il-; c) in-; d) un-. 4) It is __ polite to point at people. a) dis-; b) im-; c) in-; d) un-. 5) My friend is very __responsible, he never does anything in time. a) dis-; b) ir-; c) in-; d) un-.

Put the verbs into the correct tense (Simple Past or Past Progressive). 1. While Tom (read) , Amely (watch) a documentary on TV. 2. Marvin (come) home, (switch) on the computer and (check) his emails. 3. The thief (sneak) into the house, (steal) the jewels and (leave) without a trace. 4. Nobody (listen) while the teacher (explain) the tenses. 5. While we (do) a sight-seeing tour, our friends (lie) on the beach. 6. He (wake) up and (look) at his watch.

1. I (to play) computer games yesterday. 2. I (to play) computer games at five o'clock yesterday. 3. He (to play) computer games from two till three yesterday. 4. We (to play) computer games the whole evening yesterday. 5. What Nick (to do) when you came to his place? 6. What you (to do) when I rang you up? 7. I (not to sleep) at nine o'clock yesterday. 8. What he (to do) yesterday? - He (to read) a book. 9. What he (to do) the whole evening yesterday? --He (to read) a book. 10. She (to sleep) when you came home? 11. My brother (not to play) tennis yesterday. He (to play) tennis the day before yesterday.

Transport and Getting Around take/catch + noun take a bus take a train take a plane take a taxi take a ferry take the metro, the underground, the subway go + preposition go on foot go by bus go by train go by car go by taxi go by ferry go by plane

Types of Transport • bus • train • metro, underground, subway • ferry • taxi • car • bicycle, bike • motorcycle, motorbike • scooter • plane

• You get on and get off a bus, train, plane, bike, boat, etc. This is because you need to take a step up to get on the means of transport. • You get in and get out of a car, or taxi. • You can travel or go by bike, train, car, tube. But you travel on or go on foot (=walk). • You can drive a car, taxi or train. You ride a bike, motorbike or horse. You fly a plane.

Fill in the blank with the correct comparative form of the adverb 1. He arrived …… than expected. (early) 2. We walked …. . than the rest of the people. (slowly) 3. They called us …. . in the afternoon. (late) 4. My mother and my sister talked …. . than the other guests. (loudly) 5. He hit his arm …. . than before. (hard) 6. The Spanish athlete ran …. . than the other runners. (fast) 7. Jim threw the ball …. . than Peter. (far) 8. We answered all the questions …. . than the other students. (well) 9. Our new teacher explains the exercises …. . than our old teacher. (badly) 10. The new mechanic checked the car …. . than the old mechanic. (thoroughly).

Past habits If you used to do something, you did it for a period of time in the past, but you don't do it any more. I used to walk to school every day when I was a child. Past states We also say used to to express a state that existed in the past but doesn't exist now. I used to like The Beatles, but now I never listen to them. He used to have long hair, but now it’s very short. I used to believe in magic when I was a child.

• If you are used to something, you have often done or experienced it; it is not strange, new or difficult for you. Structure: Be used to + noun phrase or ing form • I am used to getting up early in the morning. I don't mind it. • I don’t think Tom’s strange – I’m used to him. Negative: be not used to. I don't understand him: I'm not used to his accent yet.

1 When I started to work here I needed a lot of help, but now I ______all the work on my own. 2 He_____ several books a month but he doesn't have time any more. 3 We were surprised to see her driving – she _______ when we first met her. 4 Don't worry, it's a simple program to use. You ____ it in no time, I'm sure. 5 When I had to commute to work every day I ____ very early. 6 I'm afraid I'll never in this place. I simply don't like it and never will. 7 Whenever we came to Coventry we always in the Central Hotel.

1. Caroline ________ (have) a walkman, now she has an ipod. 2. We haven't seen Bob very often since he got a promotion. He's very busy. He ___________(not be) so busy. 3. I've just got my first job. It's exciting but I'll have ____________(work) regular hours. 4. It is difficult for Tom to drive in England. He __________ (drive) on the left-hand side of the road. 5. When Peter was young, he ________ (ride) a bicycle to school. 6. People from India usually find our food tasteless. They ____________ (eat) spicy food. 7. Computers ________ (be) very expensive. Now the prices are more reasonable.

8. English has become international. Businessmen ____________ (spea k) English at international meetings. 9. During my childhood, I ________ (spend) a lot of time with my grandparents. 10. Maria _________ (think) that she would never ____________ (live) in New York.

Keys 1. Caroline used to have a walkman, now she had an ipod. 2. We haven't seen Bob very often since he got a promotion. He's very busy. He didn't use to be so busy. 3. I've just got my first job. It's exciting but I'll have to get used to working regular hours. 4. It is difficult for Tom to drive in England. He isn't used to driving on the left-hand side of the road. 5. When Peter was young, he used to ride a bicycle to school. 6. People from India usually find our food tasteless. They are used to eating spicy food. 7. Computers used to be very expensive. Now the prices are more reasonable. 8. English has become international. Businessmen are used to speaking English at international meetings. 9. During my childhood, I used to spend a lot of time with my grandparents. 10. Maria used to think that she would never get used to living in New York

a. - We arenґt used to listening to that kind of music We arentґused to listen to that kind of music b. - She will soon get used to work here She will soon get used to working here c. - I used to working for that company I used to work for that company d. -We never got used to getting up so early We never got used to get up so early e. -We used to getting up early but we are retired now and we don't need to We used to get up early but we are retired now and we don't need to

Раскройте скобки, используя конструкцию used to, и напишите о том, что люди делали раньше, но не делают сейчас. Переведите предложения. 1. Ann … (buy) white bread, but now she buys brown bread. 2. Susan … (drink) black coffee, but now she drinks white. 3. Henry … (smoke) a pipe, but now he doesn’t smoke at all. 4. My dad … (run) 5 km every day, but now he doesn’t run. 5. My wife … (spend) much money on clothes, but now she spends it on travelling.

Выберите верный вариант и переведите. 1. Jack … (used to/is used to) cooking for himself when he comes home from work. 2. I remember how we … (used to/are used to) listen to rock-nroll music all the time. 3. Pam … (used to/is used to) spend hours in front of the mirror when she was a teenager. 4. They … (didn’t use to/are not used to) eating Japanese food. 5. Our town … (used to/is used to) be an industrial centre. 6. My son … (didn’t use to/isn’t used to) going to bed so early. 7. We … (used to/are used to) meet him every day. 8. I … (didn’t use to/am not used to) driving on the left.

Write -ing form Hop, bring, wear, teach, sit, clean, tidy, invite, say, leave, use, come, travel, continue, take, begin, tie, put, try, shop, agree, get, make, plan, cut, lie, watch. eat, catch, see.

Present Perfect Simple or Continuous 1. I've this room all morning and now I'm exhausted! (clean) 2. Hurry up Jane! You've only two questions and we have to write the answers to five. (write) 3. Tony with his uncle recently while he looks for a new apartment. (live) 4. I've English for over twelve years now. (learn) 5. That's a really nice watch you have Greg. How long have it? (have) 6. My local hockey team are an embarrassment to everyone. The season finishes in two weeks and they a single game!! (not win)

- Hello, Charles. I haven’t seen you since yesterday morning. Where have you been? - Actually I have been working on my first novel. - I see. How long have you been writing it? - For three weeks already. I have made a lot of interesting characters. I’ve been so busy today. You know I haven’t had a single cup of coffee since morning. - And how many chapters have you written so far? - 3 chapters are ready! And I have thought already of a nice title. But I haven’t decided yet what happens next. - Well. Good luck to you!

Work saves us from three great evils: boredom, vice and need. Voltaire Give a person a fish and they eat for a day. Teach a person how to fish and they eat for the rest of their lives. Proverb

• What job would you like to do in the future? Why? • Which is more important, money or job satisfaction? • Would you like to do the same job as your parents? Why not?

A person whose job is to help people with the law or talk for them to the court (lawyer) A person whose business is to buy, sell or look after houses / land for people (estate agent) A person who does work to improve bad social conditions and help people in need (social worker) A person who welcomes or deals with people arriving at a hotel, at a place of business, visiting a doctor (a receptionist) A person trained to look after sick animals (a vet)

A person whose job is to work with electricity (electrician) A person who prepares or organizes a newspaper, periodical or book (editor) A person who studies chemistry, a scientist who specializes in chemistry (a chemist) A person who makes and sells medicines ( a chemist, a pharmacist) A person who owns a travel agency or works there and whose business is to arrange travels (travel agent).

What jobs do you know? • • • An accountant An architect An editor A translator A vet A police officer A nurse A surgeon A librarian An air hostess A secretary • • • A businessman A lawyer A doctor An interpreter A driver A sailor A musician A designer A сook

Упражнение 1 Try to match the expressions: 1) professional a) atmosphere 2) Future b) satisfaction 3) working c) fields 4) to solve d) career 5) educational e) fitness 6) work f) characteristics 7) leisure g) categories 8) traits h) mathematical problems 9) profound i) account 10) deal with j) people 11) to take into k) background 12) physical l) experience 13) health and m) activities 14) job n) of character 15) friendly o) knowledge

1) professional - c) fields 2) Future - d) career 3) working - g) categories 4) to solve - h) mathematical problems 5) educational - k) background 6) work - l) experience 7) leisure - m) activities 8) traits - n) of character 9) profound - o) knowledge 10) deal with - j) people 11) to take into - i) account 12) physical - f) characteristics 13) health and - e) fitness 14) job - b) satisfaction 15) friendly - a) atmosphere

a) try to get a job 1) part-time 2) job satisfaction b) not have a job 3) change jobs c) a job that is likely to continue 4) Saturday / d) a job that you only do summer holiday on Saturdays… job e) get a different job 5) steady job 6) to be out of a f) the enjoyment that you get from doing your job 7) apply for a job g) a job you do for only part of the day

1) pant-time / fill-time job - g) a job you do for only park of the day or week or all the day or week 2) job satisfaction - f) the enjoyment that you get from doing your job 3) change jobs - e) get a different job 4) Saturday / summer holiday job - d) a job that you only do on Saturdays… 5) steady job - c) a job that is likely to continue 6) to be out of a job - b) not have a job 7) apply for a job - a) try to get a job

№ The questions: Possible answers 1 Why do people work? Man works to earn his living 2 The work that a man does to earn his living is called by various names: Occupation, vocation, business, job, trade, service, ministry. 3 What is essential in any occupation? Working with others and doing your best is essential in any occupation. 4 What may happen if the task you perform do not make profit for your employer? The employer will not have money to pay or increase wages or do need research for improved products, to make building repairs; you won’t have opportunities there. 5 What elements of work should be present for an action to be considered work? The most common elements of work are: effort, energy, goal, physical and mental activities, initiative, productivity, profit. 6 What is work? Work is any effort put forth to complete a particular goal. 7 What motivates a person to select a particular vocation? It is money, position, benefits, interest, companionship, a desire to serve others or a sense of identity.

• • • Factors which are taken into account when we choose a job Job satisfaction Money Personal qualities and abilities Position (Status) Benefits Companionship Desire to serve others Promotional prospects Travel The influence of other people

Put the verbs into the correct form (past perfect progressive). 1. 2. We (sleep) for 12 hours when he woke us up. They (wait) at the station for 90 minutes when the train finally arrived. 3. We (look for) her ring for two hours and then we found it in the bathroom. 4. I (not / walk) for a long time, when it suddenly began to rain. 5. How long (learn / she) English before she went to London? 6. Frank Sinatra caught the flu because he (sing) in the rain too long. 7. He (drive) less than an hour when he ran out of petrol. 8. They were very tired in the evening because they (help) on the farm all day. 9. I (not / work) all day; so I wasn't tired and went to the disco at night. 10. They (cycle) all day so their legs were sore in the evening.

Use Past Simple or Past Perfect. 1) When Lisa _______ (arrive) at the airport she ______ (discover) she _____ (forget) her passport. 2) After visiting the library Nelly _____ (buy) some milk and _____ (go) home. 3)Zoe ______ (open) her handbag and ______ (find) out that she _____ (forget) her credit card. They ______ (get) home to find that somebody _____ (break) into their house. Lisa ______ (know) her husband for two years when they ______ (get) married. Jillian ____ (be) very pleased to see that Jack ____(clean) the kitchen. When Neil ______(arrive) at the party he _____ (learn) that Judith ______ (just / leave). Bill ______ (feel) sick last night because he _____ (eat) too many cakes at the party. First I _____ (tidy) the flat, then I _____ (sit) down and _____ (have) a cup of tea.

Correct the mistakes 1)My sister Molly lived in London before she had Moved to New Zealand. 2)After Nick ate the sandwiches, he drank some juice. 3)Nick had eaten all the sandwiches, had drunk all the juice and had gone to work. 4)As Neil had missed the bus, he walked home. 5) Sandy just started to watch TV when the phone rang

Keys 1) My sister Molly had lived in London before she moved to New Zealand. 2)After Nick had eaten the sandwiches, he drank some juice. 3)Nick ate all the sandwiches, drank all the juice and went to work. 4)As Neil had missed the bus, he walked home. -> correct 5)Sandy had just started to watch TV when the phone rang.

Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в Past Perfect Continuous. 1. Sally ______ (type) this text for 3 hours before Mark came. 2. Anthony _____ (wait) for his airplane for 3 hours when its delay was announced. 3. I saw many huge puddles. ______ it_______ (rain) hard? 4. Sam did not even realize what a hard time Molly ______ (have). 5. Rita _______ (train) for a year and she was very fit when her ex-boyfriend met her. 6. Rachel’s husband _____ (fix) the car since early morning. 7. How long ______ you_____ (watch) TV before you decided to go to bed? 8. Steven felt tired as he _____ (sail) for several hours. 9. Zina _____ (try) to find her mother for years but she failed.

Past Simple или Past Perfect Continuous 1. It (to rain) for half an hour when they (to leave) home. 2. James (to feel exhausted) as he (to play) soccer for several hours. 3. The little girl (to sleep) for 10 minutes when the doorbell (to ring). 4. His family (to live) in the village for two weeks when the war (to break out). 5. I (to work) for a long time when my PA (to call) me. 6. Alice (have to go) to the doctor since she (to feel / not) well for some time. 7. They (to dive) for 15 minutes when a shark (to approach) them. 8. The room (to be) untidy as the boys (to fight) for a few minutes. 9. We (to study) for 2 hours when our parents (to come). 10. He (to sing) for about twenty minutes when the lady in red (to leave)

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets 1 I was late for my first day at work because my alarm clock ______(not go) off. 2 By the time I took my exam, I ____ (learn) Spanish for five years. 3 Where have you been? I ____ (wait) for half an hour. 4 Mum ____ (already cook) dinner when I ____ (get) home. 5 I ____ (not pass) the test because I ____ (not study) hard enough. 6 Lucy ____ (work) as a nurse for five years when she ____ (decide) to retrain as a doctor. 7 They got soaked in the rain because they ____ (forgot) to bring their umbrellas with them.

Mass Media News is not what happens – it is what you see, listen or read in Mass Media.

Mass Media • Newspapers • Television • The Internet • Radio

• • • • newspapers friends dictionaries reference books teachers TV radio Internet magazines videos books school textbooks parents encyclopedias

• • • mass media source reliable quotation marks to make a reference plagiarism tough to be available in time to borrow • • • to lend headline condensed celebrity crime to focus intriguing weather forecast financial tabloid broadsheet

Match the words and their definitions Television Newspaper Tabloid The Internet Radio 1. a paper printed and sold usually daily or weekly with news, advertisements etc. ; 2. the process of sending and receiving messages through the air; broadcasting programmes for people to listen to; 3. broadcasting programmes (the news, plays, advertisements, shows, etc. ) for people to watch on their television sets; 4. a newspaper with rather small pages, many pictures and little serious news; 5. a way to communicate with your partner who might be a thousand miles away using the computer (e-mails).

1. Television helps us to learn more about the world and to know and see many new things. 2. Television can make us passive. We don’t have to think and our brains become lazy. 3. It has increased the popularity of sports and arts. 4. It takes time away from activities such s reading, conversation, and games. 5. It is an enjoyable way to relax. 6. It encourages us to buy things that we don’t need, and can make us unhappy with our own lives. 7. It has made us aware of our global responsibilities. In 1985, for example, 1. 5 billion people in 147 countries watched TV pop concert and helped to collect more than $100 million for people in Africa. 8. It gives a false picture of society. A study in 1994 showed that people who watch a lot of television are more afraid of crime. They also think that there is a lot more crime than there really is.

Rewrite the sentences in passive voice. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. John collects money. - Anna opened the window. - I will ask a question. - He can cut out the picture. - The sheep ate a lot. - We do not clean our rooms. - William will not repair the car. - Did Sue draw this circle? - Could you feed the dog?

Rewrite the sentences in passive voice. 1. Sheila is drinking a cup of tea. - 2. My father is washing the car. - 3. Farmer Joe is milking the cows. - 4. She is taking a picture of him. - 5. I am writing a poem. - 6. We are not playing football. - 7. He is not wearing a tie. - 8. Is she preparing the party? - 9. Are they talking about the meeting? - 10. Is she watering the flowers? -

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Match different kinds of TV programmes with their descriptions. documentary the news chat show soap opera nature programme weather forecast commercial a) actual film about animals and plants b)informal talk, usually with famous people c) the latest events in the world and in your country d)non-fiction film based on real events e)drama, usually about family life; often weekly f)advertisement g) information about temperature, wind, rain, sun and so on

Choose the correct word in each sentence. 0 I’ll just turn / log on the computer. Give me a minute. 1 What DVD shall we put / take on? 2 Jake doesn’t seem to be getting / making on well with Bob, does he? 3 They can’t bring / carry on living like that. 4 At first I didn’t like the series, but it’s coming / growing on me.

Complete each pair of sentences with the correct form of the word in bold. 1 chocolate a Would you like one of these _____? They’re delicious. b Would you like some _____? It’s from France. 2 hair a You had such nice long _____. Why did you have it all cut off? b Your dog has left white _____ all over my black sofa. 3 wood a Those shelves are nice. What kind of _____ are they made of? b Tom has taken his dog for a walk in the _____. 4 sheep a How many _____ does your dad have on his farm? b We had to call the vet because one of our _____ was sick.

0 The news is being broadcast all over the world by . A satellite B telephone C electricity D wire 1 The ______ on that game show has just been given a thousand euros for answering one easy question! A presenter B viewer C cameraman D contestant 2 Oh, no! Not another ______ show! I’m bored with seeing real people living real lives! A documentary B sitcom C reality D soap 3 Live ______ can now be seen globally, thanks to satellite. A images B cable C headlines D soap 4 You can’t go into the studio, they’re ______ at the moment. A logging on B on air C front-page news D carrying on

• • • CLOUDY WINDY SNOWY CHILLY STORMY FOGGY FROSTY RAINY MISTY SUNNY • • • WET WARM HUMID DRY DAMP HOT FINE COLD COOL

Blizzard, hail, raindrops, frost, puddles, clear 1. I love catching _____ on my tongue. 2. Children love to splash in ____ when they are wearing rubber boots. 3. The airplane couldn't take-off because of the _______. 4. On a _______ night you can see a lot of stars. 5. Some flowers are so strong they can withstand _______. 6. There was so much _______ that some of the trailer homes were destroyed.

KEYS 1. I love catching raindrops on my tongue. 2. Children love to splash in puddles when they are wearing rubber boots. 3. The airplane couldn't take-off because of the blizzard. 4. On a clear night you can see a lot of stars. 5. Some flowers are so strong they can withstand frost. 6. There was so much hail that some of the trailer homes were destroyed.

1. Long periods of time without rain causing a lack of water in the area Drought 2. A prediction of how the weather will be on a certain day Forecast 3. A flash of light in the sky during a storm. Lightning 4. A small pool of water on the ground, usually after rain Puddle

5. An arch of colors in the sky formed when the sun shines through rain Rainbow 6. A cloud of pollution hanging over a city Smog 7. The rumbling sound in the clouds that happens after lightning Thunder

Weather Idioms • As right as rain: to feel fine and healthy. Don't worry about me, I'm as right as rain after my knee operation. • Be a breeze: to be very easy to do. Our English exam was a breeze. I'm sure I'll get top marks. • Break the ice: to say or do something to make someone feel relaxed or at ease in a social setting. He offered to get her a drink to help break the ice.

• Calm before the storm: the quiet, peaceful period before a moment of great activity or mayhem. The in-laws were about to arrive with their kids so she sat on the sofa with a cup of coffee enjoying the calm before the storm. • Chase rainbows: when someone tries to do something that they will not achieve I think she's chasing rainbows if she thinks she can get into Oxford with her bad grades. • Come rain or shine: you can depend on someone to be there no matter what or whatever the weather. I'll be there to help you move house come rain or shine. • Every cloud has a silver lining: There is always something positive to come out of an unpleasant or difficult situation. I got laid off from work yesterday, but every cloud has a silver lining and now I can spend more time writing my book.

Найдите противоположные по значению слова 1. Dry 2. Hot 3. Lovely 4. Bright 5. Changeable 6. Warm a) chilly b) settled c) cloudy d) awful e) cold f) humid

1 -f, 2 -e, 3 -d, 4 -c, 5 -b, 6 -a

Complete the sentences using an appropriate word. The first letter is given. 0 They say it’s going to be p o u r i n g with rain tomorrow. 1 Don’t walk in the p _ _ _ or your feet will get soaked. 2 It was snowing so heavily that he couldn’t see far in front of him in the b _ _ _ _. 3 I don’t mind how h_ _ _ it’s raining as long as I’ve got waterproof clothes. 4 The weather’s very m _ _ _ for the time of year. It’s usually freezing by now. 5 Did you know that every f _ _ of snow is different? 6 Wow! Did you see that f _ _ of lightning?

Choose the correct answer. 0 You can’t always predict the weather although / so you can prepare for it. 1 I enjoyed the trip in spite / despite of the rain. 2 Despite / However it being freezing cold outside, our sleeping bags kept us warm. 3 We got wet so / since we didn’t have an umbrella. 4 I know you like sunbathing. However / Although, you should wear a hat. 5 We wanted to keep cool so / in spite of we stayed in the water. 6 Since / Although English summers can be rainy, there are many outdoor events.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 0 The forecast says that tomorrow the whole country is going to have storms and high winds all day. (have) 1 You’re mad! I ____ your homework for you! (not do) 2 Be careful with that knife; you ____ yourself if you don’t watch out. (cut) 3 Shall we ____ a video tonight? (watch) 4 I can’t come shopping with you tomorrow, I ____. (work) 5 I’m sure she ____ her test. Look how hard she’s been working. (pass) 6 The sky’s going really yellow. I think it ____. (snow)