Design Fires for Smoke Control Dr John H

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Design Fires for Smoke Control Dr. John H. Klote PE Fire and Smoke Consulting

Design Fires for Smoke Control Dr. John H. Klote PE Fire and Smoke Consulting john@Smoke. Control. Expert. com www. smokecontrolexpert. com

Learning Objectives • Provide an understanding of fire growth, flashover, fully developed fire and

Learning Objectives • Provide an understanding of fire growth, flashover, fully developed fire and fire decay. • Provide an overview of the basic concepts of developing design fires for smoke control systems.

• Extensive Treatment of All Aspects of Smoke Control • For more information

• Extensive Treatment of All Aspects of Smoke Control • For more information about design fires, see Chapter 5 “Fire Physics & Design Fires”

Design Fires • Used for Atrium Smoke Control and Tenability Systems • IBC –

Design Fires • Used for Atrium Smoke Control and Tenability Systems • IBC – No Prescribed Design Fires – Requires Analysis of Design Fires • Many Engineers – New to Design Fires • This Talk: – Overview of Analysis of Design Fires – Focus on Highlights

UK Information on Design Fires • Industrial & Warehouse (not high racked) -1990 Smoke

UK Information on Design Fires • Industrial & Warehouse (not high racked) -1990 Smoke Ventilation Association Guide: – Sprinklered Steady Fires - 3 m x 3 m to 9 m x 9 m. – Unsprinkleres Steady Fires – 2 Times as Big • Steady Fires in Car Parks – BS 7346 -7 • Guidance for Offices & Hotels – BS 7346 -4 and 5 and in BR 368 • General Information on Specific Objects: – BS 7974 (UK fire engineering standard) – BRE design fires database CD

Design Fires • Normally Most Important Property - Heat Release Rate (HRR) • Other

Design Fires • Normally Most Important Property - Heat Release Rate (HRR) • Other Properties (toxic gases, reduced visibility, etc. ) - Tenability Systems • For simplicity - Only Discuss HRR • HRR of a Design Fire: – Steady – Unsteady • Steady HRR – Peak of Unsteady HRR

Fully Developed Fire • Called “Ventilation Controlled Fire” • Room with One Opening –

Fully Developed Fire • Called “Ventilation Controlled Fire” • Room with One Opening – HRR Controlled by Opening Size – HRR Equation

HRR Measurement • Oxygen Consumption Calorimeters – HRR per unit O 2 Consumed –

HRR Measurement • Oxygen Consumption Calorimeters – HRR per unit O 2 Consumed – Almost Constant (13. 1 MJ per kg of oxygen + 6%) – Open Air Calorimeter – Room Calorimeter

Design Fires • Normal Fuels - Objects Planned for Space • Transient Fuels -

Design Fires • Normal Fuels - Objects Planned for Space • Transient Fuels - In a Space Temporarily – Examples: Trash, Stacked Wood Pallets, Furniture After Delivery, etc. • Atrium Fires – Normal & Transient Fuels – No Benefit of Sprinklers (Ceilings > 35 – 45 ft) – Transient Fuels: Suggest Min. 2000 Btu/s • Non-Atrium Fires – Normal & Transient Fuels – Fires w/ Axisymmetric Plume – CFAST – Shielded Fires (NIST & NRCC Models)

Questions? Dr. John H. Klote PE john@Smoke. Control. Expert. com www. smokecontrolexpert. com

Questions? Dr. John H. Klote PE john@Smoke. Control. Expert. com www. smokecontrolexpert. com

Design Fires for Smoke Control Dr John HDesign Fires for Smoke Control Dr John H
Design Fires for Smoke Control Dr John HDesign Fires for Smoke Control Dr John H
Design Fires for Smoke Control Dr John HDesign Fires for Smoke Control Dr John H
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