Chemistry This Powerpoint is hosted on www worldofteaching

Chemistry This Powerpoint is hosted on www. worldofteaching. com Please 100’s more free More visit freefor powerpoints atpowerpoints www. worldofteaching. com

Matter What is Matter? Where is Matter made? Matter = any material substance with Mass, Density & Volume

Matter comes in 3 phases Solid Gas Liquid

Solid Definite Shape Definite Volume

Liquid Indefinite Shape – takes the shape of the container Definite Volume

Gas Indefinite Shape – takes the shape of the container Indefinite Volume – can expand be compressed

Elements one of the 100+ pure substances that make up everything in the universe

Examples of Elements C = Carbon Na = Sodium O = Oxygen Ca = Calcium H = Hydrogen K = Potassium N = Nitrogen I = Iodine Cl = Chlorine S = Sulfur P = Phosphorus

C. Elements 1. All matter is composed of elements 2. Substances that cannot be broken into simple substances by chemical means Most Common Elements in Earth’s Crust 46. 6% Oxygen (O) 27. 7% Silicon (Si) 8. 1% Aluminum (Al) 5. 0% Iron (Fe) 3. 6% Calcium (Ca) 2. 8% Sodium (Na) 2. 6% Potassium (K) 2. 1% Magnesium (Mg)

Atom the smallest particle making up elements How Small Is an Atom? ?

Bohr Model

Sub-atomic Particles Protons p+ - positive charge, in nucleus Neutrons n 0 – no charge, in nucleus Electrons - e- negative charge, orbiting nucleus

Periodic Table Cheat Sheet: • Atomic Number = # of protons • Atomic mass= # of protons & neutrons • Electrons= same # of protons (for stable elements)

Drawing an Atom of Carbon 6 C 12. 011 Atomic # = # of p+ and # of e. Carbon has 6 p+ and 6 e- Atomic Mass minus Atomic # = # of n 0 Carbon has 6 n 0

Drawing an Atom of Carbon eee- 6 p+ 6 n 0 ee- e-

E. Compounds - A substance made of atoms combined in a fixed proportion. Ex. H – O = water Ex. H 2 O + Na = Saltwater

Reading Chemical Compounds How many different elements? H 2 O How many total atoms? Na. Cl H 2 SO 4 Be(OH)2

Compounds - 2 or more elements chemically combined to form a new substance with new properties Properties – The way a chemical substance looks and behaves

Compounds – are made of 2 or more different atoms combined to form Molecules O H+O H 2 O = H H Chemical formula lists the number of different atoms in a single molecule Structural formula shows the arrangement of the atoms in a single molecule

Molecules Glucose Sugar H C C 6 H 12 O 6 H OH Chemical formula H C C H OH O H C C OH Structural formula H OH

Compounds Inorganic Compounds • usually don’t contain Carbon • generally come from the earth • generally simple molecules or Organic Compounds • always contain C & H and usually O, N, sometimes S&P • originate in organisms • generally complex molecules

Examples of Inorganic Compounds H + O = H 2 O = Water H + Cl = Hydrochloric Acid C + O = CO 2 = Carbon Dioxide Na + Cl = Na. Cl = Common Table Salt

Examples of Organic Compounds C, H + O Carbohydrates = Sugars, starches & cellulose Lipids = Fats & Oils C, H, O, N, & sometimes P + S Proteins C, H, O, N, + P Nucleic Acids – DNA & RNA

PT Interactive

D. Isotopes 1. Definition: Atoms of the same number of protons, different number of neutrons Ex. Carbon-12 & Carbon-14 2. Useful because they decay at a specific rate. -tells us the age of a rock or fossil

1. Atom attraction a. Atoms in their normal state have an equal # of protons & electrons. b. Said to be “stable” 2. Ion a. An atom that gains or loses one or more electrons becoming either more positively or negatively charged

3. Ionic Bonds- electrons are transferred 4. Covalent bonds-electrons are shared http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=yjge 1 W d. CFPs&feature=related

1. When an atom gains or loses an electron it is now called an ____. Ion

2. How many different elements are in the following compound? (CH 3)2 CO Answer- 3

3. How many total atoms are in the following compound? (CH 3)2 CO Answer- 10

4. The atomic number tells how many ______ are in the element. protons

5. What type of chemically bonding involves the sharing of electrons? Covalent

What is your stone?

Chemistry Diga, diga, that’s all folks!