Bachelor of Information Technology Information Systems Technology IT
Bachelor of Information Technology Information Systems & Technology IT 1105 02. Hardware and Software of Computer based Information Systems (CBIS) – Part IV 2. 1 Overview of hardware of a computer system Prabhajinie Jayabaalasundaram MBCS, MBA
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Intended Learning Outcomes After completing this module students should be able to; Identify the role of the CPU and memory in a computer system Identify secondary storage devices Identify different input/output devices and their use Describe how application software can support personal, workgroup and enterprise business objectives
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Intended Learning Outcomes After completing this module students should be able to; Describe the pros and cons of proprietary (bespoke) software and offthe-shelf software Identify the basic role of system software Identify key issues and trends of software that have an impact on organisations and individuals
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Last Lesson Identify secondary storage devices
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Outline Overview of hardware of a computer system Input and Output devices Input Devices
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Input and Output devices: The gateway to Computer system First experience with computers is usually through input and output devices. These devices are the gateways to the computer system-we use them to provide data and instructions to the computer and receive results from it. Input and output devices are part of a computer's user interface, which includes other hardware devices and software that allow you to interact with a computer system.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Characteristics and Functionality Businesses want input devices to enter data into a computer system, and they want output devices to produce timely results. When selecting input and output devices, business also need to consider the • form of the output they want • the nature of the data required to generate this output and
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Characteristics and Functionality The speed and accuracy they need for both. Some organizations have very specific needs for output and input, requiring devices that perform specific functions. The more specialized the application, the more specialized the associated system input and output devices.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Characteristics and Functionality The speed and functions of input and output devices should be balanced with their • cost • control and • complexity. More specialized devices might make it easier to enter data or output information, but they are generally • more costly • less flexible and • more susceptible to malfunction.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology The Nature of Data Computer-input-often requires transferring human-readable data into the computer system. "Human-readable" - data that people can read and understand. In contrast, machine-readable data can be read by computer devices and is typically stored as bits or bytes. Some data can be read by people and machines People begin the input process by organizing human-readable data and transforming it into machine-readable data. Every keystroke on a keyboard turns a letter symbol of a human language into a digital code that the machine can manipulate.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Data Entry and Input Getting data into the computer system is a two-stage process. 1) the human-readable data is converted into a machinereadable form through data entry. 2) transferring the machine-readable data into the system. This is data input.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Data Entry and Input Today, many companies are using online data entry and input. They communicate and transfer data to computer devices directly connected to the computer system. Online data entry and input places data into the computer system in a matter of seconds. Organizations in many industries require the instantaneous updating offered by this approach.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Source Data Automation Regardless of how data gets into the computer, it should be captured and edited as its source. Source data automation involves • capturing and • editing data where it is originally created and in the form that can be directly input to a computer, thus ensuring accuracy and timeliness.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Input Devices Data entry and input devices come in many forms. They range from special-purpose devices that capture specific types of data to more general-purpose input devices. Focus on devices used to enter and input general types of data, including text, audio, images, and videos for personal computers.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Personal Computer Input Devices Keyboard and a computer mouse are the most common devices used for entry and input of data and basic commands. Some companies are developing key-boards that are more comfortable, more easily adjusted, and faster to use than standard keyboards.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Keyboards These ergonomic keyboards are designed to avoid wrist and hand injuries. Other keyboards include touchpads - let you enter sketches on the touchpad while still using keys to enter text. Another innovation is wireless mice and keyboards, which keep a physical desktop free from clutter.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Computer mouse We use a computer mouse to point to and click symbols, icons, menus, and commands on the screen. The computer takes a number of actions in response, such as placing data into the computer system.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Speech-Recognition Technology Using speech-recognition technology, a computer equipped with a source of speech input such as a microphone, can interpret human speech as an alternative means of providing data or instructions to the computer. More advanced system can recognize continuous speech without requiring you to break your speech into discrete words. Interactive voice response (IVR) systems allow a computer to recognize both voice and keypad inputs.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Interactive voice response (IVR) systems
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Digital Cameras Digital cameras record and store images or video in digital form. When pictures are taken, the images are electronically stored in the camera. You can download the images, store, edit and print them, send them or paste them into another application. Digital cameras have eclipsed film cameras used by professional photographers for photo quality and special features. With the right software, you can add sound and hand writing to the photo.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question Which of the following can be considered as an input device of a computer based information system? (a) Mouse (b) Joy stick (c) Scanner (d) Digital camera (e) Plotter
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer Which of the following can be considered as an input device of a computer based information system? (a) Mouse (b) Joy stick (c) Scanner (d) Digital camera (e) Plotter
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT about input and output devices? (a) Bar-code scanners are used to enter codes into a computer system. (b) Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) consist of a small keyboard which enables users to input data. (c) The mouse is a device which is useful to enter characters into a computer system. (d) Using a scanner, we can save an image of a document on the computer. (e) The printer is used to produce various reports.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT about input and output devices? (a) Bar-code scanners are used to enter codes into a computer system. (b) Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) consist of a small keyboard which enables users to input data. (c) The mouse is a device which is useful to enter characters into a computer system. (d) Using a scanner, we can save an image of a document on the computer. (e) The printer is used to produce various reports.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Terminals Inexpensive and easy to use, terminals are simply input and display devices that have no processing capability of their own. They must transmit data input to a computer to handle the data processing and storage. The computer system processes the data it receives and returns a response to the terminal. For such applications, terminals can greatly reduce the cost of owning and maintaining a computer system, and they provide a high degree of security because no data is stored on the terminal.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Scanning devices capture image and character data. A page scanner is like a copy machine. You can either insert a page into the scanner or place it face down on the glass plate of the scanner, and then scan it. With a handheld scanner, you manually move or roll the scanning device over the image you want to scan. Both page and handheld scanners can convert monochrome or color pictures, forms, text, and other images into machinereadable digits.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Optical Data Readers Use a special scanning device called an optical data reader to scan documents. The two categories of optical data readers are • Optical mark recognition (OMR) and • Optical character recognition (OCR). OMR readers for grading tests and other purposes. With this technology, pencils are used to fill in bubbles or check boxes on OMR paper which is also called a "mark sense form. "
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Optical Data Readers Most OCR readers use reflected light to recognize and scan various machine-generated characters. OCR readers can also convert handwritten or typed documents into digital data. After being entered, this data can be • shared • modified and • distributed over computer networks to hundreds or thousands of people.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) Devices Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR), a system for reading banking data quickly. With MICR, data is placed on the bottom of a cheque or other form using a special magnetic ink. Using a special character set, data printed with this ink is readable by people and computers.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Magnetic Stripe Cards A magnetic stripe card stores a limited amount of data by modifying the magnetism of tiny iron-based particles contained in a band on the card. The magnetic stripe is read by physically swiping the card at a terminal. For this reason, such cards are called a contact card.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Chip-and-PIN Cards Chip-and-PIN card uses "smart card" technology. This technology employs a computer chip that communicates with a card reader using radio frequencies. The cards do not need to be swiped at a terminal. Chip-and-PIN cards require different terminals from those used for magnetic stripe cards. Contactless Cards A contactless card has an embedded chip that only needs to be held close to a terminal to transfer its data No PIN number needs to be entered.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Point-of-sale (POS) devices are terminals used to capture data for data entry. They are frequently used in retail operations to enter sales information into the computer system. The POS device then computes the total charges, including tax. With network-enabled POS equipment, medical professionals can instantly get an update on the patient's condition, from anywhere at any time via a network or Internet. POS devices use various types of input and output devices.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Automated Teller Machine (ATM) Devices It is a special purpose input/output device. The automated teller machine (ATM), is a terminal that bank customers use to perform transactions with their bank accounts. Companies use various ATM devices, sometimes called kiosks, to support their business processes.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Pen Input Devices By touching the screen with a pen input device, you can activate a command or cause the computer to perform a task. Pen input requires special software and hardware. Handwriting recognition software can convert handwriting on the screen into text. Can transform handwriting into typed text and store the "digital ink" just the way a person writes it. If perfected, this interface is likely to become widely used. Pen input is especially attractive if you are uncomfortable using a keyboard.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Touch-Sensitive Screens The success of pen input depends on how accurately and at what cost handwriting can be read and translated into digital form. Advances in screen technology allow display screens to function as input as well as output devices. By touching certain parts of a touch-sensitive screen, you can start a program or trigger other types of action. Touch-sensitive screens can remove the need for a keyboard, which conserves space and increases portability.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Bar-Code Scanners A bar-code scanner employs a laser scanner to read a barcoded label and pass the data to a computer. The bar-code reader may be stationary or handheld to support a wide variety of uses. This form of input is used widely in store checkouts and warehouse inventory control.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology that employs a microchip with an antenna to broadcast its unique identifier and location to receivers. The purpose of an RFID system is to transmit data by a mobile device, called a tag, which is read by an RFID reader and processed according to the needs of an IS program.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question Which of the following pairs of devices are useful to input characters and draw objects respectively? (a) Mouse, Keyboard (b) Keyboard, Joystick (c) Keyboard, Mouse (d) Touch Screen, Light Pen (e) Scanner, Mouse
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer Which of the following pairs of devices are useful to input characters and draw objects respectively? (a) Mouse, Keyboard (b) Keyboard, Joystick (c) Keyboard, Mouse (d) Touch Screen, Light Pen (e) Scanner, Mouse
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about hardware of a computer system? (a) A hard disk, compared to memory is a non-volatile storage medium. (b) Storage mediums with a sequential access method enables faster access to data.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question (c) USB flash drives are typically removable and rewritable, and physically much smaller than optical discs and are commonly used as a portable storage medium. (d) Voice recognition systems can be used on a factory floor to allow equipment operators to give basic commands to machines while they are using their hands to perform other operations. (e) Light pens can be used to activate commands and place drawings on the screen.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about hardware of a computer system? (a) A hard disk, compared to memory is a non-volatile storage medium. (b) Storage mediums with a sequential access method enables faster access to data.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer (c) USB flash drives are typically removable and rewritable, and physically much smaller than optical discs and are commonly used as a portable storage medium. (d) Voice recognition systems can be used on a factory floor to allow equipment operators to give basic commands to machines while they are using their hands to perform other operations. (e) Light pens can be used to activate commands and place drawings on the screen.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Summary Overview of hardware of a computer system Secondary storage devices Input and output devices Input devices
Bachelor of Information Technology Information Systems & Technology IT 1105 02. Hardware and Software of Computer based Information Systems (CBIS) – Part IV 2. 1 Overview of hardware of a computer system Prabhajinie Jayabaalasundaram MBCS, MBA
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