Bachelor of Information Technology Information Systems Technology IT
Bachelor of Information Technology Information Systems & Technology IT 1105 05. Business Information Systems 5. 4 Other Specialized Information Systems - Part - 4 Prabhajinie Jayabaalasundaram MBCS, MBA
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Last Lesson Major Branches of Artificial Intelligence Expert systems Robotics Vision systems Natural language processing Learning systems and Neural networks Other Artificial Intelligence Applications
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Outline An overview of Expert Systems Components of Expert Systems Participants in Developing and Using Expert Systems
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology overview of Expert Systems An expert system behaves similarly to a human expert in a particular field. Like human experts, computerized expert systems use heuristics, or rules of thumb, to arrive at conclusions or make suggestions.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology overview of Expert Systems When to Use Expert Systems? • Provide a high potential payoff or significantly reduce downside risk • Capture and preserve irreplaceable human experts • Solve a problem that is not easily solved using traditional programming techniques • Develop a system more consistent than human experts • Provide expertise needed at a number of locations at the same time • Provide expertise that is expensive or rare • Develop a solution faster than human experts can • Provide expertise needed for training and development
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology mponents of Expert Systems An expert system consists of a collection of integrated and related components, including • a knowledge base • an inference engine • an explanation facility • a knowledge base acquisition facility • a user interface.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology mponents of Expert Systems Explanation facility Knowledge base Inference engine Knowledge base Acquisition facility Experts User interface Users
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology he Knowledge Base The knowledge base stores all relevant information. A knowledge base is a natural extension of a database and an information and decision support. A knowledge base must be developed for each unique application. Information and Knowledge base Database decision support patterns and Raw facts information Increasing understanding relationships
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology he Knowledge Base Using rules. A rule is a conditional statement that links conditions to actions or outcomes. In many instances, these rules are stored as IF-THEN statements, which are rules that suggest certain conclusions, For example: "If a certain set of network conditions exist, then a certain network problem diagnosis is appropriate. “ In an expert system for weather forecasting operation, for example, the rules could state that if certain temperature patterns exist with a given barometric pressure and certain previous weather patterns over the last 24 hours, then a specific forecast will be made, including temperatures, cloud coverage, and wind-chill factor.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology overview of Expert Systems Mortgage Application for Loans from $100, 000 to $200, 000 If there are no previous credit problems and If monthly net income is greater than 4 times monthly loan payment and If down payment is 15% of the total value of the property and If net assets of borrower are greater than $25, 000 and If employment is greater than three years at the same company Then accept loan application Else check other credit rules
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology he Knowledge Base Using cases. An expert system can use cases in developing a solution to a current problem or situation. This process involves 1) finding cases stored in the knowledge base that are similar to the problem or situation at hand, and 2) modifying the solutions to the cases to fit or accommodate the current problem or situation. For example, a company might use an expert system to determine the best location for a new service facility in the Province.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology he Inference Engine The overall purpose of an inference engine is to seek information and relationships from the knowledge base and to provide answers, predictions and suggestions similar to the way a human expert would. In other words, the inference engine is the component that delivers the expert advice. Consider the expert system that forecasts future sales for a product.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology he Explanation Facility An important part of an expert system is the explanation facility, which allows a decision maker to understand how the expert system arrived at certain conclusions or results. A medical expert system, for example, might reach the conclusion that a patient has a defective heart valve given certain symptoms and the results of tests on the patient.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question Which of the following systems may be used to provide medical diagnosis of different symptoms? (a) Decision Support System (b) Management Information System (c) Expert System (d) Transaction Processing System (e) Executive Information System
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer Which of the following systems may be used to provide medical diagnosis of different symptoms? (a) Decision Support System (b) Management Information System (c) Expert System (d) Transaction Processing System (e) Executive Information System
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question An expert system a) is expert in all the fields b) capable of doing anything c) duplicate the functions of the human brain d) behaves similarly to a human expert in a particular field e) is expert in computer science
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer An expert system a) is expert in all the fields b) capable of doing anything c) duplicate the functions of the human brain d) behaves similarly to a human expert in a particular field e) is expert in computer science
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Knowledge Acquisition Facility In the past, when more traditional programming languages were used, developing a knowledge base was tedious and time consuming, each fact, relationship and rule had to be programmed into the knowledge base. In most cases, an experienced programmer had to create and update the knowledge base. Today, specialized software allows users and decision makers to create and modify their own knowledge bases through the knowledge acquisition facility.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Knowledge Acquisition Facility The purpose of the knowledge acquisition facility is to provide a convenient and efficient means of capturing and storing all components of the knowledge base. Knowledge acquisition software can present users and decision makers with easy-to-use menus. After entering the appropriate attributes, the knowledge acquisition facility correctly stores information and relationships in the knowledge base, making the knowledge base easier and less expensive to set up and maintain.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Knowledge Acquisition Facility Knowledge base Acquisition Facility
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology he User Interface The main purpose of the user interface is to make an expert system easier for users and decision makers to develop and use. At one time, skilled computer personnel created and operated most expert systems. Today, the user interface permits decision makers to develop and use their own expert systems. A typical user interface between a user and the expert system for the credit application shown is as follows.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology he User Interface Expert System: Are there any previous credit problems? User: No. Expert System: Is the applicant's net income greater than four times the monthly loan payment? User: Yes. Expert System: Is the down payment greater than 15% of the property value User: Yes.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology he User Interface Expert System. Are the net assets of the borrower greater than $25, 000? User: Yes. Expert System: Has the borrower worked more than three years at the same company User: Yes. Expert System: Accept the loan application
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology nts in Developing and Using Expert Systems
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology nts in Developing and Using Expert Systems There a number of participants in the development and use of an expert system. • The domain expert - person or group with the expertise or knowledge the expert system is trying to capture (domain). • A knowledge engineer - person who has training or experience in the design, development, implementation and maintenance of an expert. • The knowledge user - person or group who uses and benefits from the expert system.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question The purpose of the knowledge acquisition facility includes a) producing the relevant knowledge b) storing the knowledge c) provide a convenient means of capturing knowledge d) storing all components of the knowledge base e) provide an efficient means of capturing knowledge
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer The purpose of the knowledge acquisition facility includes a) producing the relevant knowledge b) storing the knowledge c) provide a convenient means of capturing knowledge d) storing all components of the knowledge base e) provide an efficient means of capturing knowledge
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question An expert system contain different components that include a) a knowledge base b) an inference engine c) an explanation facility d) a knowledge base acquisition facility e) a user interface
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer An expert system contain different components that include a) a knowledge base b) an inference engine c) an explanation facility d) a knowledge base acquisition facility e) a user interface
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Summary An overview of Expert Systems Components of Expert Systems Participants in Developing and Using Expert Systems
Bachelor of Information Technology Information Systems & Technology IT 1105 05. Business Information Systems 5. 4 Other Specialized Information Systems - Part - 4 Prabhajinie Jayabaalasundaram MBCS, MBA
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