Bachelor of Information Technology Information Systems Technology IT

Bachelor of Information Technology Information Systems & Technology IT 1105 06. System Development 6. 1 An Overview of Systems Development - Part - 2 Prabhajinie Jayabaalasundaram MBCS, MBA

IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Intended Learning Outcomes After completing this session you should be able to Define the term information systems planning

IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Last Lesson Over view of System Development Participants in Systems Development Initiating Systems Development

IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Outline Information Systems Planning and Aligning Corporate and IS Goals Steps of IS Planning Developing a Competitive Advantage Establishing Objectives for Systems Development Performance Objectives Cost Objectives

IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Information Systems Planning and Aligning Corporate and IS Goals Information systems planning and aligning corporate and IS goals are important aspects of any systems development project. Achieving a competitive advantage is often the overall objective of systems development.

IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Information Systems Planning The term information systems planning refers to translating strategic and organisational goals into systems development initiatives. Proper IS planning ensures that specific systems development objectives support organizational goals. Long range planning can also be important and can result in getting the most from a system development effort. It can also align IS goals with corporate goals and culture.

IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Information Systems Planning Strategic Plan IS Planning System Development Initiative Information systems planning transforms organisational goals outlined in the strategic plans into specific system development activities

IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Aligning Corporate and IS Goals Aligning organizational goals and IS goals is critical for any successful systems development effort. Because information systems support other business activities. IS staff and people in other departments need to understand each other's responsibilities and tasks. Most corporations have as primary goals increasing their profits and their return on investment (ROI)

IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Aligning Corporate and IS Goals Specific systems development initiatives can spring from the IS plan, but the IS plan must also provide a broad framework for future success. The IS plan should guide development of the IS infrastructure over time. Another benefit of IS planning is that it ensures better use of IS resources-including funds, personnel, and time for scheduling specific projects. The steps of IS planning are shown next.

IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Steps of IS Planning Previously unplanned systems projects Strategic Plan Developing overall objectives Identify IS projects Set priorities & select projects Analyse resource requirements Set schedules & deadlines Develop IS Planning Document

IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question The functionalities of a system are described by the. . . . of the system. Select the suitable phrase(s) to complete the above statement. (a) clients (b) intangibles (c) requirements (d) sponsors (e) tangibles

IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer The functionalities of a system are described by the. . . . of the system. Select the suitable phrase(s) to complete the above statement. (a) clients (b) intangibles (c) requirements (d) sponsors (e) tangibles

IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question The following diagram relates to ‘IS Planning’. It depicts the relationship between ‘Systems Development Initiative’, ‘Strategic Plan’ and ‘IS Planning’. Identify the CORRECT order. P Q R (a) P – IS Planning Q – Strategic Plan, R – Systems Development Initiative (b) P – Strategic Plan Q – IS Planning, R – Systems Development Initiative (c) P – IS Planning Q – Systems Development Initiative, R – Strategic Plan (d) P – Strategic Plan Q – Systems Development Initiative, R – IS Planning (e) P – Systems Development Initiative Q – IS Planning, R – Strategic Plan

IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer The following diagram relates to ‘IS Planning’. It depicts the relationship between ‘Systems Development Initiative’, ‘Strategic Plan’ and ‘IS Planning’. Identify the CORRECT order. P Q R (a) P – IS Planning Q – Strategic Plan, R – Systems Development Initiative (b) P – Strategic Plan Q – IS Planning, R – Systems Development Initiative (c) P – IS Planning Q – Systems Development Initiative, R – Strategic Plan (d) P – Strategic Plan Q – Systems Development Initiative, R – IS Planning (e) P – Systems Development Initiative Q – IS Planning, R – Strategic Plan

IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Developing a Competitive Advantage Creative analysis involves investigating new approaches to existing problems. By looking at problems in new or different ways and by introducing innovative methods to solve them, many firms have gained a competitive advantage. Typically, these new solutions are inspired by people and events not directly related to the problem.

IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Developing a Competitive Advantage Critical analysis requires unbiased and careful questioning of whether system elements are related in the most effective ways. It involves considering the establishment of new or different relationships among system elements and perhaps introducing new elements into the system.

IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Developing a Competitive Advantage Critical analysis in systems development involves the following actions: ØQuestioning statements and assumptions. Questioning users about their needs and clarifying their initial responses can result in better systems and more accurate predictions. ØIdentifying and resolving objectives and orientations that conflict. Each department in an organization can have different objectives and orientations.

IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Establishing Objectives for Systems Development The overall objective of systems development is to achieve business goals by delivering the right information to the right person at the right time. The impact a particular system has on an organization's ability to meet its goals determines the true value of that system to the organization. Although all systems should support business goals, some systems are more pivotal in continued operations and goal attainment than others. These systems are called mission-critical systems.

IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Establishing Objectives for Systems Development The goals defined for an organization also define the objectives that are set for a system. Critical success factors (CSFs) are factors that are essential to the success of certain functional areas of an organization. Regardless of the particular systems development effort, the development process should define a system with specific performance and cost objectives. The success or failure of the systems development effort will be measured against these objectives.

IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Performance Objectives The extent to which a system performs as desired can be measured through its performance objectives. System performance is usually determined by following factors • The quality or usefulness of the output. • The accuracy of the output. • The speed at which output is generated. • The flexibility of the system. • The ease of use of the application. • The scalability of the resulting system. • The risk of the system.

IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Cost Objectives The benefits of achieving performance goals should be balanced with all costs associated with the system, including the following • Development costs. All costs required to get the system up and running should be included. • Costs related to the uniqueness of the system application. A system's uniqueness has a profound effect on its cost • Fixed investments in hardware and related equipment. • Ongoing operating costs of the system.

IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Cost Objectives Operating costs include costs for • Personnel • Software • supplies and resources For many IS operations, ongoing operating costs are much higher than development acquisitions soon.

IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question Which of the following practices can lead to a successful systems development project? (a) Using project management software (b) Improved communication between different stakeholders of the project (c) Lack of understanding of the real problem/issue to be solved (d) Support from top management (e) Use of inappropriate data collection techniques

IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer Which of the following practices can lead to a successful systems development project? (a) Using project management software (b) Improved communication between different stakeholders of the project (c) Lack of understanding of the real problem/issue to be solved (d) Support from top management (e) Use of inappropriate data collection techniques

IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question Consider the following descriptions related to Information Systems Planning (i) helps to convert strategic and organizational goals into systems development initiatives. (ii) enables organisations to perform well in their businesses. (iii) only considers how information systems review should be carried out. Identify the CORRECT statement(s). (a) Only (i) (b) Only (iii) (c) All (d) Only (ii) (e) Only (i) and (ii)

IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer Consider the following descriptions related to Information Systems Planning (i) helps to convert strategic and organizational goals into systems development initiatives. (ii) enables organisations to perform well in their businesses. (iii) only considers how information systems review should be carried out. Identify the CORRECT statement(s). (a) Only (i) (b) Only (iii) (c) All (d) Only (ii) (e) Only (i) and (ii)

IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Summary Information Systems Planning and Aligning Corporate and IS Goals Steps of IS Planning Developing a Competitive Advantage Establishing Objectives for Systems Development Performance Objectives Cost Objectives

Bachelor of Information Technology Information Systems & Technology IT 1105 06. System Development 6. 1 An Overview of Systems Development - Part - 2 Prabhajinie Jayabaalasundaram MBCS, MBA