Bachelor of Information Technology Information Systems Technology IT
Bachelor of Information Technology Information Systems & Technology IT 1105 06. System Development 6. 2 Different approaches to Systems Development Part - 2 Prabhajinie Jayabaalasundaram MBCS, MBA
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Intended Learning Outcomes After completing this session you should be able to Identify different approaches to system development
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Last Lesson Systems Development Life Cycle – SLDC The Traditional Systems Development Life Cycle Prototyping
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Outline Rapid Application Development, Agile Development and Other Systems Development Approaches Outsourcing and On-Demand Computing
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Rapid Application Development, Agile Development and Other Systems Development Approaches Rapid application development (RAD) RAD employs tools, techniques and methodologies designed to speed application development. These tools can also be used to make systems development projects more flexible and agile to be able to rapidly change with changing conditions and environments. RAD should not be used on every software development project. In general, it is best suited for DSSs and MISs and less suited for TPSs.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Rapid application development (RAD) Advantages For appropriate projects, this approach puts an application into production sooner than any other approach. Documentation is produced as a by-product of completing project tasks. Disadvantages This intense SDLC can burn out systems developers and other project participants This approach requires systems analysts and users to be skilled in RAD systems development tools and RAD techniques
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Rapid application development (RAD) Advantages Disadvantages RAD forces teamwork and lots RAD requires a larger of interaction between users percentage of and stakeholders Stakeholders’ and users’ time than other approaches
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Agile Development Other approaches to rapid development, such as agile development or extreme programming (XP), allow the systems to change as they are being developed. Agile development requires cooperation and frequent face-toface meetings with all participants, including systems developers and users. Organizations are using agile development to a greater extent today to improve the results of systems development, including global systems development projects requiring IS resources distributed in different locations.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Agile Development Agile development can be a good approach when the requirements of a new or modified system aren't completely known in advance. Agile development is also called Dynamic Systems Development Method, Crystal, Agile Modelling, and several other names.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Extreme programming (XP) uses pairs of programmers who work together to design, test and code parts of the systems they develop. The iterative nature of XP helps companies develop robust systems with fewer errors.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Other Agile Development Tools Adaptive Software Development (ASD) grew out of rapid application development techniques and stresses an iterative process that involves analysis, design and implementation at each cycle or iteration. Lean Software Development. The approach comes from lean manufacturing practices used by Toyota and stresses continuous learning, just-in-time decision making, empowering systems development teams and the elimination of waste.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Other Agile Development Tools Rational Unified Process (RUP). Rational Unified Process is an iterative systems development approach and includes a number of tools and techniques that are typically tailored to fit the needs of a specific company or organization. RUP uses an iterative approach to software development that stresses quality as the software is changed and updated over time.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Other Agile Development Tools Feature-Driven Development (FDD). Feature-Driven Development is an iterative systems development approach that stresses the features of the new or modified system and involves developing an overall model. Crystal Methodologies is a family of systems development approaches that concentrates on effective teamwork and the reduction of paperwork and bureaucracy to make development projects faster and more efficient.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question RAD stands for (a) Requirement Analysis and Design. (b) Rapid Access Development. (c) Rapid Application Development. (d) Random Application Development. (e) Requirement Analysis Development.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer RAD stands for (a) Requirement Analysis and Design. (b) Rapid Access Development. (c) Rapid Application Development. (d) Random Application Development. (e) Requirement Analysis Development.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question The following statements are related to systems development. Identify the CORRECT statement(s). (a) Development of a system begins with requirement analysis. (b) Achieving the business goals is an objective of systems development. (c) Development of systems by end users is also possible. (d) RAD emphasizes participative development among users. (e) DFD is a tool that shows the flow of data through a system.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer The following statements are related to systems development. Identify the CORRECT statement(s). (a) Development of a system begins with requirement analysis. (b) Achieving the business goals is an objective of systems development. (c) Development of systems by end users is also possible. (d) RAD emphasizes participative development among users. (e) DFD is a tool that shows the flow of data through a system.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Outsourcing and On-Demand Computing Many companies hire an outside consulting firm or computer company that specializes in systems development to take over some or all of its development and operations activities. Eg. : Vodafone used outsourcing to help it innovate and find creative solutions in providing wireless services.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Outsourcing and On-Demand Computing Reason Example When a company believes Pacifi. Care outsourced its IS operations it can cut costs with the hope that the outsourcing will save it about $400 million over ten years. When a firm has limited Kodak outsourced its IS operations. opportunity to distinguish Kodak kept application development itself competitively through and support in-house because it a particular IS operation or thought that these activities had application competitive value.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Outsourcing and On-Demand Computing Reason When outsourcing does not strip the company of technical know-how required for future IS innovation When the firm's existing IS capabilities are limited, ineffective or technically inferior Example Firms must ensure that their IS staffs remain technically up-to-date and have the expertise to develop future applications. A company might use outsourcing to help it make the transition from a centralized mainframe environment to a distributed client/server environment.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Outsourcing and On-Demand Computing Reason When a firm is downsizing Example First Fidelity, a major bank, used outsourcing as part of a program to reduce the number of employees by 1, 600 and slash expenses by $85 million.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Outsourcing and On-Demand Computing • Reducing costs • obtaining state-of-the-art technology • eliminating staffing and personnel problems • increasing technological flexibility are reasons that companies have used the outsourcing and on-demand computing approaches.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Outsourcing and On-Demand Computing A number of companies and non-profit organizations offer outsourcing and on-demand computing services-from general systems development to specialized services. • IBM’s global Services -full service outsourcing and consulting services. • Electronic Data Systems (EDS) -specializes in consulting and outsourcing. • Accenture - specializes in consulting and outsourcing. • Wipro Technologies is another outsourcing company. • Amazon - offer on-demand computing to individuals and other companies of all sizes.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Outsourcing and On-Demand Computing Outsourcing has some disadvantages, however. • the company fail to deliver expected improvements. • Internal expertise can be lost and loyalty can suffer under an outsourcing arrangement. • internal employees leave their experience and expertise is lost. • it can be difficult to achieve a competitive advantage • when the outsourcing is done offshore some people raise security concerns. • the outsourcing company can be involved in illegal activities • fail to deliver the products and services it promised
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question Which of the following statements is/are related to Rapid Application Development (RAD)? (a) Software is developed only by end users. (b) Considerable system documentation is created by the formal review at the end of each phase. (c) RAD uses tools, techniques and methodologies designed to speed application development. (d) RAD is not a suitable methodology to be used on every software development project. (e) In appropriate projects, this approach enables to develop software quickly than other approaches.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer Which of the following statements is/are related to Rapid Application Development (RAD)? (a) Software is developed only by end users. (b) Considerable system documentation is created by the formal review at the end of each phase. (c) RAD uses tools, techniques and methodologies designed to speed application development. (d) RAD is not a suitable methodology to be used on every software development project. (e) In appropriate projects, this approach enables to develop software quickly than other approaches.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question Which of the following is a /are software development method/s more appropriate to be used when the user requirements are not clear/specific? (a) Traditional waterfall method (b) Prototyping (c) Outsourcing (d) End user computing (e) On demand computing
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer Which of the following is a /are software development method/s more appropriate to be used when the user requirements are not clear/specific? (a) Traditional waterfall method (b) Prototyping (c) Outsourcing (d) End user computing (e) On demand computing
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Summary Rapid Application Development, Agile Development and Other Systems Development Approaches Outsourcing and On-Demand Computing
Bachelor of Information Technology Information Systems & Technology IT 1105 06. System Development 6. 2 Different approaches to Systems Development Part - 2 Prabhajinie Jayabaalasundaram MBCS, MBA
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