Bachelor of Information Technology Information Systems and Technology
Bachelor of Information Technology Information Systems and Technology - IT 1105 03. Organizing Data and Information Part III 3. 1 Data Management Prabhajinie Jayabaalasundaram MBCS, MBA
Bachelor of Information Technology Information Systems & Technology IT 1105 03. Organizing Data and Information 3. 1 Data Management - Part III Prabhajinie Jayabaalasundaram MBCS, MBA
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Intended Learning Outcomes After completing this session you should be able to; Identify different database models
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Last Lesson Data modeling Types of Data bases Operational databases Distributed databases External databases Hypermedia databases Traditional File processing Problems of file processing
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Outline Database Management Software Database development Database interrogation Database maintenance Database structures Hierarchical structure Network structure
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Database Management Software The database management approach consolidates data records formerly in separate files into databases that can be accessed by many different application programs. A database management system (DBMS) serves as a software interface between users and databases. Thus, database management involves the use of database management software to control how databases are created, interrogated, and maintained to provide information needed by end users.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Database Management Software
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Database Management Software A database management system (DBMS) is the main software tool of the database management approach, since it controls the creation, maintenance, and use of the databases of an organization and its end users. Microcomputer database management packages allow you to set up and manage databases on your PC, network server, or the World Wide Web. In mainframe and server computer systems, the database management system is an important system software package that controls the development, use, and maintenance of the databases of computer-using organizations.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Database Management Software The three major functions of a database management system are (1) to create new databases and database applications (2) to maintain the quality of the data in an organization's databases (3) to use the databases of an organization to provide the information needed by its end users.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Database Development Database development involves defining and organizing the content, relationships and structure of the data needed to build a database. Database application development involves using a DBMS to develop prototypes of queries, forms, reports, and Web pages for a proposed business application. Database maintenance involves using transaction processing systems and other tools to add, delete, update, and correct the data in a database. The primary use of database by end users involves employing the database interrogation capabilities of a DBMS to access the data in a database to selectively retrieve and display information and produce reports, forms, and other documents.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Database Interrogation A database interrogation capability is a major benefit of the database management approach. End users can use a DBMS by asking for information from a database using a query feature or a report generator: They can receive an immediate response in the form of video displays or printed reports. The query language feature lets you easily obtain immediate responses to ad hoc data requests: you merely key in a few short inquiries. The report generator feature allows you to quickly specify a report format for information you want presented as a report.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology SQL Queries SQL, or Structured Query Language, is an international standard query language found in many DBMS packages. The basic form of an SQL query is: SELECT………FROM………WHERE ……… SELECT - list the data fields you want FROM - list the files or tables from which the data must be retrieved. WHERE - specify conditions that limit the search to only those data records in which you are interested.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Common Software Components and Functions of a Database Management System Common DBMS Software Components Language and graphical tools to define Database definition entities, relationships, integrity constraints and authorization rights Nonprocedural access Language and graphical tools to access data without complicated coding Graphical tools to develop menus, data Application entry forms, and reports development
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Common Software Components and Functions of a Database Management System cont… Common DBMS Software Components Language that combines nonprocedural access Procedural language interface with full capabilities of a programming language Control mechanisms to prevent interference Transaction from simultaneous users and recover lost data processing after a failure Tools to monitor and improve database Database tuning performance
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Graphical and Natural Queries Many end users (and IS professionals) have difficulty in correctly phrasing SQL and other database language queries. So most end user database management packages offer GUI (graphical user interface) point-andclick methods, which are easier to use and are translated by the software into SQL commands.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Database Maintenance The database maintenance process is accomplished by transaction processing systems and other end user applications, with the support of the DBMS. End users and information specialists can also employ various utilities provided by a DBMS for database maintenance. The databases of an organization need to be updated continually to reflect new business transactions and other events. Other miscellaneous changes must also be made to update and correct data to ensure accuracy of the data in the databases.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Application Development DBMS packages also play a major role in application development. End users, systems analysts, and other application developers can use the internal 4 GL programming language and built in software development tools provided by many DBMS packages to develop custom application programs. A DBMS is also makes the job of application software development easier, since they do not have to develop detailed data handling procedures using conventional programming languages every time they write a program. Instead, they can include features such as data manipulation language (DML) statements in their software that call on the DBMS to perform necessary data-handling activities
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question Complete the following sentences. Database Management Systems……… (a) support non redundancy of data. (b) help to manipulate data based on user requirements. (c) reduce integrity of data. (d) enable the definition of access rights to different users. (e) do not ensure that standards are followed in the representation of data.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer Complete the following sentences. Database Management Systems……. (a) support non redundancy of data. (b) help to manipulate data based on user requirements. (c) reduce integrity of data. (d) enable the definition of access rights to different users. (e) do not ensure that standards are followed in the representation of data.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question Database Management Systems (DBMS) (a) help to manipulate the data stored in the database. (b) can be expensive to implement and maintain. (c) provide an interface between the database and the users of the database. (d) provide an interface between the hardware and software of the computer. (e) help to enter data into a system without making errors.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer Database Management Systems (DBMS) (a) help to manipulate the data stored in the database. (b) can be expensive to implement and maintain. (c) provide an interface between the database and the users of the database. (d) provide an interface between the hardware and software of the computer. (e) help to enter data into a system without making errors.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Database Structures The relationships among the many individual data elements stored in databases are based on one of several logical data structures, or models. Database management system packages are designed to use a specific data structure to provide end users with quick, easy access to information stored in databases. Five fundamental database structures are the hierarchical, network, relational, object-oriented, and multidimensional models.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Hierarchical Structure In the Hierarchical structure the relationships between records form a hierarchy or treelike structure. In the traditional hierarchical model, all records are dependent and arranged in multilevel structures, consisting of one root record any number of subordinate levels. Thus, all of the relationships among records are one-to many since each data element is related to only one element above it. The data element or record at the highest level of the hierarchy is called the root element. Any data element can be accessed by moving progressively downward from a root and along the branches of the tree until the desired record is located.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Hierarchical Structure
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Network Structure The network structure can represent more complex logical relationships and is still used by some mainframe DBMS packages. It allows many-to-many relationships among records; that is, the network model can access a data element by following one of several paths, because any data element or record can be related to any number of other data elements.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Network Structure
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question Network structure A) can represent more complex logical relationships B) It allows many-to-many relationships among records C) any data element or record can be related to any number of other data elements. D) it will have only one-to-one relationship E) It doesn't support many-to-many relationships
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer Network structure A) can represent more complex logical relationships B) It allows many-to-many relationships among records C) any data element or record can be related to any number of other data elements. D) it will have only one-to-one relationship E) It doesn't support many-to-many relationships
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question Hierarchical structure A) the relationships between records form a hierarchy or treelike structure. B) all records are dependent and arranged in multilevel structures, consisting of one root record any number of subordinate levels. C) all of the relationships among records are one-to many D)The data element or record at the highest level of the hierarchy is called the root element. E) data is stored in tables
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer Hierarchical structure A) the relationships between records form a hierarchy or treelike structure. B) all records are dependent and arranged in multilevel structures, consisting of one root record any number of subordinate levels. C) all of the relationships among records are one-to many D) the data element or record at the highest level of the hierarchy is called the root element. E) data is stored in tables
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Summery Database Management Software Database development Database interrogation Database maintenance Database structures Hierarchical structure Network structure
Bachelor of Information Technology Information Systems & Technology IT 1105 03. Organizing Data and Information 3. 1 Data Management - Part III Prabhajinie Jayabaalasundaram MBCS, MBA
Bachelor of Information Technology Information Systems and Technology - IT 1105 03. Organizing Data and Information Part III 3. 1 Data Management Prabhajinie Jayabaalasundaram MBCS, MBA
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