Bachelor of Information Technology Information Systems and Technology
Bachelor of Information Technology Information Systems and Technology - IT 1105 03. Organizing Data and Information Part X 3. 2 Database Management Systems and Applications Prabhajinie Jayabaalasundaram MBCS, MBA
Bachelor of Information Technology Information Systems & Technology IT 1105 03. Organizing Data and Information 3. 2 Database Management Systems and Applications – Part 5 Prabhajinie Jayabaalasundaram MBCS, MBA
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Last Lesson Data Marts Data Mining Business Intelligence Distributed Databases
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Outline Business Intelligence Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) Object-Relational Database Management Systems Visual, Audio and other database system Evaluation of Database Structure
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) All you have to do is ask where a certain product is selling well, for example, and a colorful table showing sales performance by region, product type, and time frame appears on the screen. Called online analytical processing (OLAP), these programs are now being used to store and deliver data warehouse information efficiently. Big companies use OLAP to allow its analysts, managers, and executives to quickly view and understand large sets of complex data.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) The value of data ultimately lies in the decisions it enables. Powerful information-analysis tools in areas such as OLAP and data mining, when incorporated into a data warehousing architecture, bring market conditions into sharper focus and help organizations deliver greater competitive value. OLAP provides top-down, query-driven data analysis; data mining provides bottom-up, discovery-driven analysis.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) OLAP requires repetitive testing of user originated theories; data mining requires no assumptions and instead identifies facts and conclusions based on patters discovered. OLAP, or multidimensional analysis, requires a great deal of human ingenuity and interaction with the database to find information in the database. A user of data mining tool does not need to figure out what questions to ask, instead the approach is, "Here's the data, tell me what interesting patterns emerge. “
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Comparison of OLAP and data mining Characteristics OLAP Data mining Purpose Supports data analysis and decision making Type of analysis supported Top-down, query-driven data analysis Bottom-up, discovery-driven data analysis Skills required of user Must be very knowledgeable of the data and its business Must trust in data-mining tools to uncover valid and worthwhile hypotheses
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Object-Relational DBMS An object-oriented database uses the same overall approach of objected-oriented programing. With this approach, both the data and the process instructions are stored in the database. Eg. : an object-oriented database could store monthly expenses and the instructions needed to compute a monthly budget from those expenses. A traditional DBMS might only store the monthly expenses.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Object-Relational DBMS The popular Internet phone service Skype has been pleased with its object-oriented database from Postgre. SQL. The object-oriented nature of the database allowed Skype to develop the database as the company grew and evolved. Object-oriented databases are useful when a database contains complex data that needs to be processed quickly and efficiently.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Object-Relational DBMS In an object-oriented database, a method is a procedure or action. A sales tax method, could be the procedure to compute the appropriate sales tax for an order or sale. Eg. : Multiplying the total amount of an order by 15 % if they are registered for the VAT. A message is a request to execute or run a method. Eg. : A sales clerk could issue a message to the object-oriented database to compute sales tax for a new order. Many object-oriented databases have their own query language, called object query language which is similar to SQL.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Object-Relational DBMS An object-oriented database uses an object-oriented database management system (OODBMS) to provide a user interface and connections to other programs. Many organizations are selecting object-oriented databases for their processing power. Versant's OODBMS, for example, is being used by companies in the telecommunications, defense, online gaming, and healthcare industries and by government agencies. The Object Data Standard is a design standard created by the Object Database Management Group for developing objectoriented database systems.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Object-Relational DBMS An object-relational database management system (ORDBMS) provides a complete set of relational database capabilities plus the ability for third parties to add new data types and operations to the database. These new data types can be audio, images, unstructured text, spatial, or time series data that require new indexing, optimization, and retrieval features.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Object-Relational DBMS Each of the vendors offering ORDBMS facilities provides a set of application programming interfaces to allow users to attach external data definitions and methods associated with those definitions to the database system. They are essentially offering a standard socket into which users can plug special instructions.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question Which of the following statements is/are correct in relation to data, information and databases? (a) Information can be defined as known primary facts or objects which have meaning in the user’s environment for recording. (b) A database is designed, built and populated with data or information for a specific purpose. (c) A list of students who have scored more than fifty can be recognised as a set of data. (d) A data dictionary allows database designers and users to understand what data exist, what the data means and its limitations. (e) A sales person may include in his database, photographic images of customers and video clips of discussions he has had with the customer.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer Which of the following statements is/are correct in relation to data, information and databases? (a) Information can be defined as known primary facts or objects which have meaning in the user’s environment for recording. (b) A database is designed, built and populated with data or information for a specific purpose. (c) A list of students who have scored more than fifty can be recognised as a set of data. (d) A data dictionary allows database designers and users to understand what data exist, what the data means and its limitations. (e) A sales person may include in his database, photographic images of customers and video clips of discussions he has had with the customer.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question The following statements are about databases. (i) Object oriented databases let users link complicated data structures more easily than most other database types. (ii) Oracle, My. SQL are examples of open-source database management systems. (iii) In the hierarchical model, each child or member can have more than one parent (or owner). Identify the CORRECT statement(s). (a) Only (i) (b) Only (ii) and (iii) (c) Only (ii) (d) Only (iii) (e) All
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer The following statements are about databases. (i) Object oriented databases let users link complicated data structures more easily than most other database types. (ii) Oracle, My. SQL are examples of open-source database management systems. (iii) In the hierarchical model, each child or member can have more than one parent (or owner). Identify the CORRECT statement(s). (a) Only (i) (b) Only (ii) and (iii) (c) Only (ii) (d) Only (iii) (e) All
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Hierarchical structure
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology , Audio and other Database System In addition to raw data, organizations are finding a need to store large amounts of visual and audio signal in an organized fashion. Eg. : Credit card companies enter pictures of charge slips into an image database using a scanner. The images can be stored in the database and later sorted by customer name, printed, and sent to customers along with their monthly statements. Image databases are also used by physicians to store X-rays and transmit them to clinics away from the main hospital.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology , Audio and other Database System Financial services, insurance companies, and government branches are using image databases to store vital records and replace paper documents. Drug companies often need to analyze many visual images from laboratories. Visual databases can be stored in some object-relational databases or special-purpose database systems. Many relational databases can also store images.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology , Audio and other Database System Combining and analyzing data from different databases is an increasingly important challenge. Global businesses sometimes need to analyze sales and accounting data stored around the world in different database systems. Companies such as IBM have developed virtual database systems to allow different databases to work together as a unified database system. The joining of separate databases into one is sometimes referred to as a federated database system.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology , Audio and other Database System In addition to visual, audio, and virtual databases, other specialpurpose database systems meet particular business needs. Spatial data technology involves using a database to store and access data according to the locations it describes and to permit spatial queries and analysis It also can be used to assist law enforcement agencies and emergency response teams to prepare for emergencies and provide community protection in an efficient manner.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology , Audio and other Database System The software provides information about local competition, populations, and traffic patterns to predict how a business will fare in a particular location. Builders and insurance companies use spatial data to make decisions related to natural hazards. Spatial data can even be used to improve financial risk management with information stored by investment type, currency type, interest rates, and time. Spatial data technology is a powerful tool that geographic information systems (GIS) use to plot information on a map.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Evaluation of Database Structure The hierarchical data structure was a natural model for the databases used for the structured, routine types of transaction processing that was a characteristic of many business operations. Data for these operations can easily be represented by groups of records in a hierarchical relationship. However, there are many cases where information is needed about records that do not have hierarchical relationships. For example, it is obvious that, in some organizations, employees from more than one department can work on more than one project.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Evaluation of Database Structure A network data structure could easily handle this many-to-many relationship. It is thus more flexible than the hierarchical structure in support of databases for many types of business operations. However, like the hierarchical structure, because its relationships must be specified in advance, the network model cannot easily handle ad hoc requests for information Relational databases, on the other hand, allow an end user to easily receive information in response to ad hoc requests.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Evaluation of Database Structure That's because not all of the relationships between the data elements in a relationally-organized database need to be specified when the database is created. Database management software creates new tables of data relationships using parts of the data from several tables. Thus, relational databases are easier for programmers to work with and easier to maintain than the hierarchical and network models. The major limitation of the relational model is that relational database management systems cannot process large amounts of business transactions as quickly and efficiently as those based on the hierarchical and network models, or complex high-volume applications as well as the object-oriented model.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Evaluation of Database Structure This performance gap has narrowed with the development of advanced relational DBMS software with object-oriented extensions. The use of database management software based on the objectoriented and multidimensional models is growing steadily, as these technologies are playing a greater role for OLAP and web-based applications.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question The following statements are related to data management/data manipulation. Identify the TRUE statement/s. (a) Data Mart is a technique used to discover patterns and relationships among data in a data warehouse. (b) Business Intelligence applications are used to improve communication among the internal employees of an organization only. (c) Projecting is manipulating data to eliminate rows in a table according to certain criteria. (d) A data warehouse does not contain historical data of an organization. (e) Joining is manipulating data to combine two or more tables.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer The following statements are related to data management/data manipulation. Identify the TRUE statement/s. (a) Data Mart is a technique used to discover patterns and relationships among data in a data warehouse. (b) Business Intelligence applications are used to improve communication among the internal employees of an organization only. (c) Projecting is manipulating data to eliminate rows in a table according to certain criteria. (d) A data warehouse does not contain historical data of an organization. (e) Joining is manipulating data to combine two or more tables.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question Spatial data technology a) involves using a database for the locations it describes b) permit spatial queries and analysis c) powerful tool that geographic information systems use to plot information on a map. d) stores data in tables e) stores data as objects
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer Spatial data technology a) involves using a database for the locations it describes b) permit spatial queries and analysis c) powerful tool that geographic information systems use to plot information on a map. d) stores data in tables e) stores data as objects
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Summery Business Intelligence Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) Object-Relational Database Management Systems Visual, Audio and other database system Evaluation of Database Structure
Bachelor of Information Technology Information Systems & Technology IT 1105 03. Organizing Data and Information - Part X 3. 2 Database Management Systems and Applications Prabhajinie Jayabaalasundaram MBCS, MBA
Bachelor of Information Technology Information Systems and Technology - IT 1105 03. Organizing Data and Information Part X 3. 2 Database Management Systems and Applications Prabhajinie Jayabaalasundaram MBCS, MBA
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