Bachelor of Information Technology Information Systems and Technology
Bachelor of Information Technology Information Systems and Technology - IT 1105 04. Organizations and Information Systems Part I 4. 1 Organizations Prabhajinie Jayabaalasundaram MBCS, MBA
Bachelor of Information Technology Information Systems & Technology IT 1105 04. Organizations and Information Systems 4. 1 Organizations - Part 1 Prabhajinie Jayabaalasundaram MBCS, MBA
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Intended Learning Outcomes After completing this session you should be able to; Define the term Organization
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Last Lesson Business Intelligence Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) Object-Relational Database Management Systems Visual, Audio and other system Evaluation of Database Structure database
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Outline Organizations Organizational Structures Traditional Organizational Structure Project and Team Organizational Structures Virtual Organizational Structure and Collaborative Work Organizational Culture and Change Organizational Culture
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Organizations An organization is a formal collection of people and other resources established to accomplish a set of goals. The primary goal of a for-profit organization is to maximize shareholder value. Nonprofit organizations do not have profit as their goal. The ability of an organization to achieve its goals is often a function of the organization's overall structure, culture and ability to change.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Organizations An organization is a system, which means that it has inputs, processing mechanisms, outputs, and feedback. An organization constantly uses money, people, materials, machines and other equipment, data, information, and decisions. Resources such as materials, people, and money serve as inputs to the organizational system from the environment. They go through a transformation mechanism and then outputs are produced to the environment. The outputs from the transformation mechanism are usually goods or services, which are of higher relative value than the inputs alone. Through adding value or worth organizations attempt to increase performance and achieve their goals.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Organizations High Strategic Management Decision Authority Tactical Management Impact on Corporate goals Operational Management Non-Management Employees Uniqueness of problems Low
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Organizational Structures Organizational structure refers to organizational subunits and the way they relate to the overall organization. An organization's structure depends on its goals and its approach to management. Organization structure can affect how a company views and uses information systems. The types of organizational structures typically include traditional, project, team and virtual.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Traditional Organizational Structure The traditional organizational structure, also called a "hierarchical structure, " is like a managerial pyramid where the hierarchy of decision making and authority flows from the strategic management at the top down to operational management and non-management employees. Compared to lower levels, the strategic level, including the president of the company and vice presidents, has a higher degree of decision authority, more impact on corporate goals and more unique problems to solve. The major departments are usually divided according to function and can include marketing, production, information systems, finance and accounting, research and development and so on.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Traditional Organizational Structure Today, the trend is to reduce the number of management levels or layers in the traditional organizational structure. This type of structure, often called a flat organizational structure, empowers employees at lower levels to make decisions and solve problems without needing permission from midlevel managers. Empowerment gives employees and their managers more responsibility and authority to make decisions, take action and have more control over their jobs.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Traditional Organizational Structure Information systems can be a key element in empowering employees because they provide the information employees need to make decisions. The employees might also be empowered to develop or use their own personal information systems, such as a simple forecasting model or spreadsheet.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Traditional Organizational Structure Staff Position VP Finance Legal Advisor VP Info. Sys President VP Marketing VP Production VP HR Line Positions Supervisor
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Project and Team Organizational Structures Project Organizational Structures A project organizational structure is centered on major products or services. Eg. : In a manufacturing firm that produces baby food and other baby products each line is produced by a separate unit. Traditional functions such as marketing, finance and production are positioned within these major units. Many project teams are temporary - when the project is completed, the members go on to new teams formed for another project.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Project Organizational Structures President Baby Products Senior V P Baby Food VP Finance Senior V P Baby Cloth VP Marketing VP Production Senior V P Baby Toys VP Sales
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Team Organizational Structures The team organizational structure is centered on work teams or groups. In some cases these teams are small. In others, they are very large. Typically, each team has a leader who reports to an upperlevel manager. Depending on its tasks, the team can be temporary or permanent. A healthcare company, for example, can form small teams to organize its administrators, physicians and others to work with individual patients.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question Which of the following organizational structures consists of several layers of management from top to bottom? (a) Matrix (b) Virtual (c) Hierarchical (d) Team (e) Project
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer Which of the following organizational structures consists of several layers of management from top to bottom? (a) Matrix (b) Virtual (c) Hierarchical (d) Team (e) Project
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question Which of the following is an/are organizational structure(s) centered on major products or services? (a) Matrix (b) Virtual (c) Hierarchical (d) Team (e) Project
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer Which of the following is an/are organizational structure(s) centered on major products or services? (a) Matrix (b) Virtual (c) Hierarchical (d) Team (e) Project
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Virtual Organizational Structure and Collaborative Work A virtual organizational structure uses individuals, groups, or complete business units in geographically dispersed areas. These groups can last for a few weeks or years, often requiring telecommunications and the Internet. Work can be done anywhere, anytime. Virtual teams help ensure the participation of the best available people to solve important organizational problems. A virtual organization structure can also reduce costs for an organization.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Virtual Organizational Structure Using this virtual structure was also good for employees, saving the time and costs of commuting. Improving performance and effectiveness is also important. Eg. : The authors and publishing team for your recommended book used a virtual team structure, consisting of over a dozen people from across United States who worked over a year to complete the textbook project. They used Internet to send chapter files and related documents to each other in developing the textbook and related materials.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Virtual Organizational Structure Successful virtual organizational structures share key characteristics. One strategy is to have in-house employees concentrate on the firm’s core businesses and use virtual employees, groups or business to do other business tasks. Even with sophisticated IS tools, teams still benefit from face-to-face meetings, especially at the beginning of new project.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Virtual Organizational Structure Some experts have proposed the following for virtual teams. • When possible, use virtual team members who know each other or use technology that helps virtual team members quickly get to know each other. • Use virtual team members who are already connected with other people and resources throughout the organization • Keep virtual team projects as independent as possible from other projects, so that a delay or problem with one team doesn't affect the progress or success of another virtual team
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Virtual Organizational Structure Some experts have proposed the following for virtual teams contd. • Develop Internet resources that help virtual teams communicate and collaborate on important projects, such as Teamspace (www. teamspace. com) and similar collaborative software. • Make sure that virtual team projects are challenging, meaningful and interesting.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Collaborative Work A virtual organizational structure allows collaborative work, in which managers and employees can effectively work in groups, even those composed of members from around the world. To stay connected, some virtual teams use smartphones and mobile devices that connect to the Internet. Sophisticated cell phones can be rented from companies to allow virtual teams to stay connected. In other cases, a social networking site such as Facebook can be used to help virtual teams work together.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Organizational Culture and Change Organizational Culture is a set of major understandings and assumptions shared by a group, such as within an ethnic group or a country. Organizational culture consists of the major understandings and assumptions for a business, corporation, or other organization. The understandings which can include common beliefs, values, and approaches to decision making, are often not stated or documented as goals or formal policies.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Organizational Culture As another example, employees might be expected to be clean-cut, wear smart casual outfits, and be courteous in dealing with all customers. Sometimes organizational culture is formed over years. In other cases, top-level managers can form it rapidly. Eg. : by starting a "casual Friday" dress policy. Organizational culture can also have a positive effect on the successful development of new information systems that support the organization's culture.
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question Which of the following is an organizational structure which employs individuals, groups or complete business units in geographically dispersed areas who may never meet face to face in the same room? (a) Hierarchical (b) Network (c) Matrix (d) Virtual (e) Project
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer Which of the following is an organizational structure which employs individuals, groups or complete business units in geographically dispersed areas who may never meet face to face in the same room? (a) Hierarchical (b) Network (c) Matrix (d) Virtual (e) Project
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question Read the following incomplete statements. (i) Organisational (A)…………. refers to how organisational sub units relate to the overall organization. (ii) Organisational (B)………… consists of major understandings, values and beliefs of an organisation. Identify the appropriate words to fill in above blanks (A) and (B) in the CORRECT order. (a) (A) - Structure (B) - Culture (b) (A) - Culture (B) - Structure (c) (A) - Systems (B) – Culture (d) (A) - Culture (B) - Systems (e) (A) - Structure (B) - Shared belief
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer Read the following incomplete statements. (i) Organisational (A)…………. refers to how organisational sub units relate to the overall organization. (ii) Organisational (B)………… consists of major understandings, values and beliefs of an organisation. Identify the appropriate words to fill in above blanks (A) and (B) in the CORRECT order. (a) (A) - Structure (B) - Culture (b) (A) - Culture (B) - Structure (c) (A) - Systems (B) – Culture (d) (A) - Culture (B) - Systems (e) (A) - Structure (B) - Shared belief
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Question The following statements are about organisational structures. (i) A “Project” organisational structure is centered on major products or services. (ii) A “Virtual” organisational structure allows members from around the world to work collaboratively. (iii)In a traditional “Hierarchical” organisational structure the top/strategic level management has a high level of authority than lower level employees Identify the CORRECT statement/s. (a) Only (i) (b) Only (i) and (ii) (c) Only (i) and (iii) (d) Only (ii) (e) (i), (ii) and (iii)
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Answer The following statements are about organisational structures. (i) A “Project” organisational structure is centered on major products or services. (ii) A “Virtual” organisational structure allows members from around the world to work collaboratively. (iii)In a traditional “Hierarchical” organisational structure the top/strategic level management has a high level of authority than lower level employees Identify the CORRECT statement/s. (a) Only (i) (b) Only (i) and (ii) (c) Only (i) and (iii) (d) Only (ii) (e) (i), (ii) and (iii)
IT 1105 Information Systems and Technology Summery Organizations Organizational Structures Traditional Organizational Structure Project and Team Organizational Structures Virtual Organizational Structure and Collaborative Work Organizational Culture and Change Organizational Culture
Bachelor of Information Technology Information Systems & Technology IT 1105 04. Organizations and Information Systems 4. 1 Organizations - Part 1 Prabhajinie Jayabaalasundaram MBCS, MBA
Bachelor of Information Technology Information Systems and Technology - IT 1105 04. Organizations and Information Systems Part I 4. 1 Organizations Prabhajinie Jayabaalasundaram MBCS, MBA
- Slides: 37