Water Chapter 11 Section One Water Resources Water

Water Chapter 11

Section One Water Resources

Water Do you know where the water that you: Drink Shower In Wash your dishes and clothes in Came From?

Water Cycle

Global Water Distribution 71% of the Earth is covered by water 97% of the water covering Earth is salt water 3% of the Earth’s water is fresh 77% of fresh water is frozen in the polar caps That leaves humans only. 7% fresh water to use!

Surface Water Fresh water on Earth’s land surface Found in: lakes rivers streams wetlands

River Systems A flowing network of water consisting of streams and rivers as they move across the land The Amazon River is the largest

Watersheds The area of land that is drained by a river Pollution dumped into a watershed can spread into the river

Pollution Phosphates in laundry detergent is a form of artificial eutrophication A Leaking gasoline tank is a pointsource pollution

Groundwater is water stored beneath the Earth’s surface in sediment and rock formation Water table - a water level where the rocks and soil are saturated with water

Aquifers An underground formation that contains groundwater

Porosity/Permeability Porosity - the amount of space between the particles that makeup a rock Permeability - The ability of rock or soil to allow water to flow through Materials are permeable or impermeable

The Recharge Zone * Recharge Zone - The area of the Earth’s surface where water percolates down into the aquifer Recharge Zone needs permeable soil Parking lots block water Area above an aquifer

Wells If you dig a hole anywhere on Earth, you will eventually find water Wells are drilled below the water table to help when seasons lower water level

Section Two Water Use and Management

Residential Water Use Daily Water Use

Water Treatment Water is treated to make it potable Potable is safe to drink Bottled water is potable Water treatment destroys pathogens Pathogens are organisms that create illness or disease Bacteria is a pathogen

1972 Clean Water Act Law designed to improve water quality

Industrial Water Use Accounts for 19% of water use in world Most of the water is used to cool power- plants

Agricultural Water Use One ear of corn requires 300 L (80 gallons) That’s as much as a person in the US uses each day 67% of the Earth’s water is used for agriculture A plant only uses 80% of the water it takes in

Irrigation Techniques

Water Management Projects People like to live in areas where fresh water isn’t adequate Damns and Water Diversion Canals are used to divert water These techniques can also bring areas electricity

Hoover Dam

Water Diversion Projects Rivers have been diverted so much to provide dry areas with water that they are drying up before they can reach the ocean

Dams and Reservoirs Dam - a structure built across a river to control the river’s flow Reservoir - An artificial lake created behind a dam Dams block soils from traveling to the fields below and gets trapped in reservoirs

Water Conservation In Agriculture In Industry At Home

Water Conservation in Agriculture Water is lost from evaporation, seepage, and runoff Drip Irrigation helps to stop this

Water Conservation in Industry Industries are now recycling wastewater instead of using fresh cool water

Water Conservation at Home Shorter Showers Turn water off while brushing teeth Fill sink basin to wash your face or shave Wash only full laundry loads Low-flow toilets Low-flow shower heads

Desalination The process of removing salt from salt water to obtain fresh water They heat salt water and obtain fresh water in evaporation

Transporting Water Almost half of the US water comes from Alaska What about the 76% water frozen in the ice caps Should we tow icebergs to areas needing water?

Where does most of the pollutants in the ocean come from? Activities on Land

The 1990 Oil Pollution Act required that: Tankers in the U. S. waterways be double hulled by the year 2015

The largest watershed in the United States is the: Mississippi River

During the water treatment process, what is the purpose of adding chlorine to water? To kill or limit bacteria growth

How is fresh water used in industry? In manufacturing process In the disposal of waste products To generate power

Many areas of the world that do not have adequate fresh water have become habitable because: Water management projects have diverted water to the area

Fresh water is a limited resource because Most surface water contains salt

Which of the following is one way a person can conserve water? Use a low-flow shower head to take short showers

Which of the following is a source of nonpoint-pollution? Runoff from agriculture feedlots

Parasitic worms would be classified as which type of water pollution? Pathogen