WATER RESOURCES UNIT Stakeholders Workshop to Implement a
- Slides: 18
WATER RESOURCES UNIT Stakeholders Workshop to Implement a Pilot Project on Impact-based Forecasting and Risk-based Warnings 26 -30 October 2015 Presentation on: “Coping with hazards that affect day-to-day operations and activities at the Water Resources Unit” by M. K. Bissessur Civil Engineer at Water Resources Unit
Overview of Presentation w Water Resources Sector in Mauritius w Hazards/Challenges w Adaptation Measures w Long Term Plan
INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT WMA CWA WRU CEB IA Water Resources Unit Responsible for the Assessment, Mobilisation, Control, Development, Management and Conservation of Water Resources in Mauritius
WATER BALANCE FOR MAURITIUS Area of Mauritius Annual average rainfall Annual volume of raw water Estimated water utilizable potential (33%) : 1865 km 2 : 2100 mm : 3900 Mm 3 : 1300 Mm 3
Annual Rainfall Average 2100 mm Varies from a max of 4000 mm in the higher elevation in the Centre to 800 mm in the West 1200 mm in the North
Observation Network of Water Resources in Mauritius Gauging stations on Rivers No: 150
Boreholes Observation wells No. : 260
Hazards/Challenges w Ageing Infrastructure • Dams and Reservoirs • Feeder Canals w Reservoirs and Feeder Canals Operations w Surface and Underground Water w Water Supply Quality
Hazards/Challenges w Ageing Infrastructure • Dams and Reservoir Infrastructures – Safety Analysis of Dams in Mauritius 1999 – Rehabilitation Programme in place (Mare aux Vacoas, Municipal Dike, La Nicoliere Reservoir already rehabilitated) – Control of Development Upstream and Downstream of Dam – Dam Safety Inspection • Daily Monitoring of Reservoir Level, Inflows and Outflows • Piezometric Level • Survey Pillars Level • Seepage Monitoring • Visual Inspection Upstream and Downstream Embankment • Spillway Channel • Upstream/Periphery of Reservoir- Landslide Survey • Post Disaster Monitoring
Hazards/Challenges w Ageing Infrastructure • Feeder Canals – Consultancy services for the assessment and upgrading of existing feeder canals in Mauritius – Trianon Grosses Roches Feeder Canal & La Nicoliere Feeder Canal already rehabilitated
Hazards/Challenges w Reservoirs and Feeder Canals Operations • Main Reservoirs – Spill Channel Monitoring – Regulating of outflows prior to spilling – Storm runoff basin during heavy rainfall (buffer 3 -4%) • Feeder Canals – Ongoing Canal Inspection Programme • Siltation • Obstruction by debris • Overflow of canal-Raising of Canal Wall at critical places • Valve Operation-Emergency Drawdown – Daily Monitoring of canal flows – Daily Monitoring & Regulating Flows in Diversion Channel – Immediate Closure of Canal during heavy rainfall and cyclones – Ongoing Maintenance works of infrastructures
Midlands Reservoir -La Nicolière Reservoir Water Transfer System
Flow Measuring Stations on Diversion and Feeder Canals
Hazards/Challenges w Surface and Underground Water w Ground Water Recharge Rate o Increase surface runoff o Recharge time of aquifer w Urbanization o Change in landform pattern and final discharge points o Successive Peak Flows causing flooding w Water Rights o Less agricultural development and new urbanization development o Transition of existing irrigation ponds into storm water impounding characteristics for residential development
Hazards/Challenges w Water Supply Quality-Urbanization w Siltation in Reservoir o More land erosion and frequent accumulation of silts w Clogging of Filters o Illegal discharges and impact on raw water quality w Accumulation of Debris o Solid wastes and floating debris
Adaptation Measures w Safety Analysis of Dams in Mauritius – Rehabilitation of La Ferme reservoir w Rehabilitation Programme of Dams and Feeder canals – Rehabilitation of La Fenetre Feeder Canal w Connectivity between Reservoirs – Midlands to Piton du Millieu, Mare Longue to Mare aux Vacoas w Dam Break Analysis for new Dams w New Dam Designs as per ICOLD recommendations w Emergency Preparedness Plans
Long Term Plan w Legislative Framework – Reinforcing existing legislations – Enactment of new laws w Capacity Building – Training and logistics w Up to date Technology – Rainfall Data Capture – River Flow Gauging – Early Warning w Hydrological Catchment Preservation Plans w Construction of new dams w Control of development and setback distances from rivers and dams w Rehabilitation of dam – Holistic approach (urbanization)
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