TRIGEMINAL NERVE DR GALLATZ KATALIN Nuclei of the

TRIGEMINAL NERVE DR. GALLATZ KATALIN

Nuclei of the trigeminal nerve SOMATOSENSORY nucleus of spinal trigeminal tract prothopathic principal sensory nucleus epicritic mesencephalic nucleus proprioceptív SPECIAL VISCEROMOTOR OR BRANCHIALMOTOR motor nucleus of V. nerve

superior cerebellar peduncle LC MLF middle cerebellar peduncle TST CTT LM TST corticospinal et corticonuclear tracts corticopontine tracts (Arnold, Türk) pontocerebellar tract

Trigeminal nerve innervates with sensory fibers with motor fibers V/3 the skin of the scalp and frontal region, V/1 the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, V/2 the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, V/1, V/2 and paranasal sinuses, V/1, V/2 the eye, V/1 the teeth and gingiva, V/2, V/3 the dura mater, V/1, V/2, V/3 the anterior wall of the ext. acustic meatus, V/3 the anterior part of the tympanic membrane, V/3 the temporomandibular joint, V/3 the salivary glands and lacrimal gland, V/1, V/2, V/3 the anterior 2/3 of the tongue V/3 the muscles of mastication, the tensor veli palatini, the tensor tympani, the anterior belly of digastric, the mylohyoid m.

Quality of the nerve fibers in the trigeminal nerve 1. General somatosensory (or GSA) (pressure, vibration, discriminative sensation, pain, heat sensation) 2. Branchiomotor or special visceromotor (SVM, SVE) (innervation of the masticatory muscles) „Guest fibres”: 3. General visceromotor (GVM or GVE) / parasympathetic, secretomotor 4. Special viscerosensory (or SVA) Taste Superior (VII. ) and inferior salivatory nucleus (IX. ) Nucleus of solitary tract (VII. )

CUTANEOUS INNERVATION OF THE HEAD

TRIGEMINAL NERVE – OPHTHALMIC NERVE V/2

tentorial branch – tentorium cerebelli frontal nerve - the skin of the scalp and frontal region supratrochlear n. medial supraorbital n. lateral supraorbital n. lacrimal nerve communicating branch with zygomatic nerve nasociliary nerve infratrochlear n. anterior ethmoidal n. posterior ethmoidal n. long ciliary n.

TRIGEMINAL NERVE – MAXILLARY NERVE V/2

V/2 maxillary nerve

Maxillary nerve innervates the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, the post. part of mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, with somatosensory fibers and paranasal sinuses (except the sphenoid) the upper teeth and gingiva, the dura mater, the nasal and palatine glands the inferior eyelid the external surface of the nose the superior lip. V/3

Branches of the maxillary nerve - Meningeal branch (1) - Zygomatic nerve (6) - Pterygopalatine nerves - Infraorbital nerve (17)

Infraorbital nerve - sup. , post. alveolar nerves - sup. , middle alveolar nerves - sup. , ant. alveolar nerves Terminal branches - inf. palpebral branch - external nasal branch - superior labial branch

Zygomatic nerve - Communicating branch with the lacrimal nerve - Zygomaticofacial nerve - Zygomaticotemporal nerve

Pterygopalatine nerves - post. , sup. nasal nerves medial rami lateral rami - post. , inf. nasal nerves - greater palatine nerve - lesser palatine nerves

- post. , sup. nasal nerves NASOPALATINE (SCARPA’s nerve)

MANDIBULAR NERVE (V/3)

BRANCHES OF THE MANDIBULAR NERVE 1. meningeal branch 2. MOTOR ROOT masseteric nerve deep temporal nerves lateral pterygoid nerve medial pterygoid nerve for tensor tympani nerve for tensor veli palatini buccal nerve (only sensory branch of the motor root) 1

BRANCHES OF THE MANDIBULAR NERVE

3. SENSORY ROOT Auriculotemporal nerve - anterior auricular branch - external acustic branch - branch for the tympanic membr. - articular branches (to TMJ) - parotid branches

Lingual nerve - lingual branches - sublingual branches - ganglionar branches - branches for the isthmus of the fauces

Lingual nerve

Inferior alveolar nerve - mylohyoid nerve - dental and gingival branches - mental nerve

MANDIBULAR NERVE Inferior alveolar nerve

MANDIBULAR NERVE MOTOR ROOT SENSORY ROOT

from Dr. Kozsurek menigeal f Mandibular nerve (V/3. ) br. ggl. trigeminale foramen spinosum vale no ame for MOTOR ROOT rr. buccales (!) auriculotemporal n Motor root masseteric br. lin gua deep temporal br. ln med. pterygoid br. lat. pterygoideus br. for tensor tympani m. Br. for tensor veli palatini Buccal branch (!) INFERIOR ALVEOLAR N. Mylo hy oid n . (!) mylohyoid m. ant. belly of digastric

IMPORTANT! TRIGEMINAL NERVE PROVIDES THE SENSORY INNERVATION of the big salivary glands (submandibular, sublingual, parotid) , the palatine, the nasal glands and the glands of the tongue, but IT HAS NO PARASYMPATHETIC NUCLEUS, therefore it gets parasympathetic fibers from the VII. and IX. nerves. THE POSTGANGLIONIC FIBERS OF THESE NERVES JOIN TO THE SENSORY BRANCHES OF THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE

Branches of trigeminal nerve Facial nerve Superior salivatory nucl. Pterygopalatine ggl. Greater petrosal n. Zygomatic nerve Communicating branch Lacrimal nerve (lacrimal gland) Preganglionic fiber Postganglionic fibers Post. nasal nerves. Nasopalatine n. , Greater and lesser palatine nerves (mucous glands of the nasal cavity and hard and soft palate)

Branches of trigeminal nerve n. facialis nucl. saliv. sup Pterygopalatine ggl. Zygomatic n. /lacrimal n. Lacrimal gland Post. nasal nerves, nasopalatine n. , greater and lesser palatine nerves Greater petrosal n. Submandibular ggl. Palatine and nasal glands Lingual n. submandibular, sublingual and anterior lingual gl. chorda tympani Glossopharyngeal n. inf. salivatory n. Otic ggl tympanic n. /lesser petrosal n. auriculotemporal n. Parotid gland

meningeal br. Mandibular nerve ggl. trigeminale foramen spinosum vale n. petrosus minor no ame ex n. IX. for parotid gl. chorda tympani ex n. VII. ggl. oticum Auriculotemporal n. n. l ing submandibular gl. taste buds ual is Sublingual gl. ggl. submandibulare mylo hy inferior alveolar n. oid n. m. mylohyoideus m. digastricus venter ant.

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