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The UK’s European university STUDENT LEARNING ADVISORY SERVICE Kasia Senyszyn Student Learning Advisor Referencing and citation To do: - Call Mum - Laundry - Check out SLAS

Welcome § What is plagiarism? § Examples of plagiarism § Referencing exercises § Top tips

The purpose of writing assignments § Show you can extend your knowledge through reading/research § Understand use this knowledge to present clear, plausible arguments § Demonstrate that you can use academic conventions (eg. referencing) Research is key to this process

What is plagiarism? ‘Academic misconduct’ Presenting other people’s work as your own (intentionally or unintentionally) Penalties: For further information, see: www. kent. ac. uk/ai/academicpolicies. html

Examples of plagiarism • Copying ideas and words from books, journals, websites, etc. and presenting them as your own • Failing to reference facts, ideas, images, paraphrased material, correctly • Resubmitting your own work • Submitting work produced by others

How to avoid plagiarism Comprehensive referencing (In the right style) https: //www. kent. ac. uk/ai/styleguides. html Supported by good paraphrasing skills If you’re not sure, include it anyway Remember: whatever style you use, be consistent

What is Turnitin? Text-matching software Used electronically through Moodle Checks ‘originality’ – generates report www. kent. ac. uk/ai/using-turnitin. html https: //moodle. kent. ac. uk/2019/course/view. php? id=6482

Why do I need to reference? To avoid the problem of Plagiarism But also… To set yourself up as an authority To demonstrate your reading/research To allow tutors to check details To let the reader know where the facts and ideas have come from To show good academic practice

What do I need to reference? Every concept, fact, theory, opinion, snippet Whatever the source. . . - Books, Journals, websites, CDs/DVDs, Youtube, Moodle, essays Even personal emails must be referenced However presented. . . - Whether quoted, paraphrased, summarised

Styles of referencing Author – Date - APA, Harvard, MLA Footnotes - MHRA, OSCOLA, Chicago Numbered - IEEE, Vancouver https: //www. kent. ac. uk/ai/styleguides. html

Elements of referencing Whatever style you use, you will always need to give information about: - Author - Date of publication - Title of publication (italics) - Place of publication - Name of publisher Tip: Record ongoing reference details as you research and take notes

Referencing using Harvard In-text citation: The police detained many labour leaders, and in May 1988 Cosatu was banned from engaging in political activities (Baskin, 1991, p. 5). In reference list: Baskin, J. (1991) Striking Back: A History of Cosatu. London: Ravan Press.

In-text citations – two basic formats If author’s name occurs in the main sentence: Cottrell (1999, p. 23) claims that students work best to deadlines. If the author’s name does not occur in the main sentence: Students work best to deadlines (Cottrell, 1999, p. 23).

How to present the work of others Quoting: Repeating the exact wording - Usually short, to emphasise a point, as evidence, a definition Paraphrasing: Presenting the original in your own words - To avoid direct quotes - To demonstrate your understanding of an issue Summarising: Giving a shortened version of the original

Quote “You couldn’t organise a booze-up at a brewery. Fred – you’re fired!” (Sugar 2016) Paraphrase Fred’s lack of effective project management and organisational skills rendered him unsuitable for the advertised post (Sugar 2016). Paraphrase (explicit source) According to Sugar (2016), Fred’s lack of project management…

Short or long quotations? Short quotations (1 -2 lines) Smith (1999, p. 23) described the idea as ‘quoting a few words’ to emphasise an important point however, occasionally, you may use. . . Long quotations (more than 40 words) Here is your own text and it is double line spaced: “A very long quote, which goes on for at least 3 or 4 lines needs to be separated out into an indented paragraph which is single line spaced and 1 pt size smaller. It does not need quotation marks”. (Smith 1999, p. 9) And here your text continues. . .

Paraphrasing Read - expert’s original text Understand - jot down key points of text Rewrite - in your own words with a fresh: - Vocabulary - Sentence structure Whilst retaining the meaning (and still referencing the original source)

Example of paraphrasing Before: Paraphrasing means reading something written by another person, understanding it, then writing it down in your own words. After: Demonstrating that you understand someone else’s words by rewriting them in a different way is called paraphrasing. Phrases you can’t change (eg. definitions) stay within “quote marks”.

Paraphrasing exercise As they read and take down their notes, students must make sure that they keep an accurate record of all their sources. (Paraphrase the above sentence. )

Paraphrasing exercise As they read and take down their notes, students must make sure that they keep an accurate record of all their sources. (22) Students should record their sources accurately whilst reading and note-taking. (10)

Summarising § Brief outline of main points of article/book § Details omitted (unlike paraphrasing) Example: One report (Smith, 2016) examines the conflict between the two theories applied across the private, public and commercial spheres, concluding that neither. . .

https: //www-citethemrightonline-com. chain. kent. ac. uk/Home

Exercise - paraphrasing and referencing § Paraphrase the extract provided (on the next slide) § Include an in-text citation to acknowledge the source (use source information provided) § Underneath, provide the full reference details for your writing (use source information provided)

Exercise - paraphrasing and referencing Text to paraphrase A good diet is vital for the health of children. Food provides up to 90% of the nutrients they need for healthy growth, with numerous studies showing a link between those with a highly nutritional diet and, for example, resistance to childhood diseases. Additionally, data suggests that a good childhood diet can help establish a person’s health pattern for life, making it a lifelong investment. Source information The extract above is taken from page 17 of a book called ‘Children and Nutrition’ by William Brown. The book was published in 2016 by Penguin Books, which is based in London. Example in-text citation Baskin (1991, p. 5) tells us that the police detained many labour leaders, and that in May 1988 Cosatu was prohibited from engaging in political activities. Example reference (Harvard style): Baskin, J. (1991) Striking Back: A History of Cosatu. Johannesburg: Ravan Press.

Exercise – possible paraphrase Brown (2016, p. 17) states that as much as nine-tenths of the nutrients children need to grow healthily can be found in the food they consume. According to his research, healthy dietary habits can offer increased protection from disease during childhood, and improved health throughout adult life. What children eat is, therefore, a significant long-term health matter. Brown, W. (2016, p. 17) Children and Nutrition. London: Penguin Books.

Using Word reference management

Using Word reference management

Using Word reference management

Using Word reference management

Your turn Exercise: use the Word reference management tool to do the following • Add two references • Write one quote from one of the references and cite it properly in text • Paraphrase a section from the other reference and cite it properly in text • Add a bibliography Remember: if it’s a direct quote, include page number(s)

Other reference management tools Ref. Works Endnote Mendeley Zotero

Top tips • Keep a record of your reading and add references to your RMS as you go (future you will thank you!) • If you’re not sure how to cite a reference, check (don’t chance) • Only use direct quotes when you have to – good for definitions or personal experiences • Think about your reader’s experience – does using this quote add to or disrupt the flow? • If you’re unsure – reference it • Be consistent

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