Physical Science EOC review nd 2 semester Nature

Physical Science EOC review nd 2 semester

Nature of science questions

Kerry made a simple flashlight. She recorded the following statements in her lab book. Which statement is an inference? • The wire was 35 cm long. • The flashlight contained a battery • The plastic switch was better than the metal switch. • The bulb was lit for 20 minutes before it burned out.

The diagrams below show five different tests Linda carried out using steel balls of three different sizes and masses. She used the same ramp for all trials. What is a question that Linda could test if she used these materials? • Do balls of different metals roll down the ramp faster? • Would increasing the friction on the ramp decrease the speed? • Would increasing the length of the ramp change the speed of the ball? • Does the size of the steel ball affect the time it takes to reach the bottom of the ramp?

The diagrams below show five different tests Linda carried out using steel balls of three different sizes and masses. She used the same ramp for all trials. Which of these trials would not be valid in her experiment? Why?

The graph below was presented to a science class. An accurate analysis of the data in the graph could be used to support a hypothesis that the United States has • become increasingly dependent on imported petroleum. • become more efficient in the conservation of petroleum. • regulated production by prohibiting companies from producing petroleum. • increased its reserves while consuming imported petroleum.

A student places four identically sized metal blocks on a hot plate at 80°C. Then the student places an identical piece of wax on top of each block, as shown in the diagram below. The student measures the time it takes for the piece of wax on each block to melt. Which of the following questions is being studied in this experiment? • • What is the melting point of the wax? What is the melting point of each metal? Which metal radiates heat the best? Which metal conducts heat the best?

Matter questions

Which of the following is NOT an example of a chemical change? • A log burning • A nail rusting • An ice cube melting • An apple rotting

Paint applied to an iron surface prevents the iron from rusting. Which one of the following provides the best reason? • It prevents nitrogen from coming in contact with the iron. • It reacts chemically with the iron. • It makes the surface of the iron smoother. • It prevents oxygen and moisture from coming in contact with the iron.

Colored alcohol is used in some glass thermometers. When placed in air of different temperatures, the column of alcohol rises or falls in the glass thermometer. Which of the following best explains why the height of the alcohol column changes? • The glass contracts when heated. • The alcohol contracts when heated • The glass expands more than the alcohol when heated. • The alcohol expands more than the glass when heated.

Which of the following properties of a substance is conserved during thermal expansion? • mass • volume • shape • distance between particles

When a sample of a gas is heated at constant pressure, the average kinetic energy of its molecules • decreases, and the volume of the gas increases • decreases, and the volume of the gas decreases • increases, and the volume of the gas increases • increases, and the volume of the gas decreases

Which diagram best represents a gas in a closed container?

The temperature of a sample of matter is a measure of the • average kinetic energy of its particles • average potential energy of its particles • total kinetic energy of its particles • total potential energy of its particles

Four different gases are all observed to have the same temperature. Which of the following conclusions is supported by this observation? • All four gases must have the same mass. • All four gases must have the same pressure. • All four gases must have equal numbers of particles. • All four gases must have equal average kinetic energies.

Which of the following helps explain why honey dissolves more rapidly in hot water than in cold water? • The honey and hot water form more covalent bonds. • The hot water is more chemically reactive with the honey. • The honey breaks down into free atoms more quickly in the hot water. • The greater motion of hot water molecules disperses the honey more quickly.

What happens to metal railroad tracks during the heat of a summer day? • Decrease in weight • increase in weight • decrease in length • increase in length

Chemistry questions

When Magnesium (Mg) metal is burned in the presence of Oxygen (O 2), Magnesium oxide (Mg. O) is produced. The properties of Magnesium oxide are different than the individual properties of Magnesium and Oxygen because Magnesium oxide is • a solution. • a mixture. • a compound. • an element.

Copper (Cu) reacts with Oxygen (O) to form Copper oxide (Cu. O). The properties of Cu. O are most likely • different from copper or oxygen. • similar to both copper and oxygen. • similar only to copper. • similar only to oxygen.

Why is Cobalt (Co) placed before Nickel (Ni) on the periodic table of the elements even though it has a higher average atomic mass than nickel? • Nickel has one more proton. • Cobalt was discovered first. • Nickel has fewer electrons. • Cobalt has a lower density.

Iodine would have chemical properties most like • Manganese (Mn) • Tellurium (Te). • Chlorine (Cl). • Xenon (Xe).

The chemical properties of an element are determined by its • atomic mass. • proton number. • electron arrangement. • atomic size.

Different elements are most likely to react in similar ways when they • are members of the same period. • are members of the same group. • have nearly the same atomic mass.

Which of the following is best classified as a compound? • Helium (He), because it contains only one type of atom • Oxygen (O 2), because it contains two of the same type of atoms • Carbon dioxide (CO 2), because it contains two different types of atoms • Manganese (Mn), because it contains a metal and a nonmetal

Oxygen has an atomic number of 8. Which of the following elements would you expect to be most similar to oxygen in terms of its chemical properties? • Nitrogen (N) • Fluorine (F) • Sulfur (S) • Chlorine (Cl)

The two beakers below contain pure water. Which of the following properties is the same for both of these samples? • mass • Weight • volume • boiling point

Which of the following explains why saltwater is considered a mixture? • It is composed of one element. • It is composed of one compound. • It is composed of two or more substances and has new chemical properties. • It is composed of two or more substances that retain their own chemical properties.

What is the smallest unit of a chemical compound that still has the properties of that compound? • a nucleus • a molecule • an element • an atom

A question on Jamal's homework assignment asked him to explain why air is matter. Which of the following statements should Jamal write to answer the question correctly? • Air is invisible. • Air takes up space and has mass. • Air is needed for breathing. • Air takes the shape of its container.

Anita has a small sample of an unknown element that she is trying to identify. Anita divides the mass of the sample by its volume. Which property of matter is Anita using to identify the element? • Weight • Density • Texture • Freezing point

Which of the following describes a particle that contains 36 electrons, 49 neutrons, and 38 protons? • an ion with a charge of 2+ • an atom with a mass of 38 amu • an atom with a mass of 49 amu

Which of the following comparisons correctly describes subatomic particles? • An electron has a negative charge and a mass larger than the mass of a proton • A neutron has a negative charge and a mass smaller than the mass of a proton. • A neutron has a neutral charge and a mass larger than the mass of an electron. • A proton has a positive charge and a mass smaller than the mass of an electron.

The nucleus of a nitrogen atom consists of which of the following particles? • electrons only • protons and neutrons • electrons and protons • Protons, electrons and neutrons

How do the atoms of Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 differ? • atomic number • number of electrons • number of protons • number of neutrons

A glass of ice water is placed on a table. After 10 minutes, there are drops of water on the outside surface of the glass. Which change in phase caused the drops of water? • Liquid water in the air evaporated into a gas. • Liquid water in the air condensed into a solid. • Water vapor from the air evaporated into a liquid. • Water vapor from the air condensed into a liquid.

Study the table. Which atom has a net positive charge?

The Periodic Table of the Elements is shown below Cesium (Cs), the circled element, is a highly reactive metal. Which elements have a reactivity similar to cesium? • Barium (Ba) and Radon (Rn) • Silver (Ag) and Cadmium (Cd) • Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) • Strontium (Sr) and Radium (Ra)

When sodium metal reacts with chlorine gas, Sodium chloride (table salt) forms. The data table below shows information about sodium, chlorine, and Sodium chloride. Which statement best describes the properties of sodium, chlorine, and sodium chloride? • All have similar chemical and physical properties. • All have different chemical and physical properties. • All have similar physical properties but different chemical properties. • All have similar chemical properties but different physical properties.

Use the information below to answer the following question(s). Silver nitrate (Ag. NO 3) a colorless powder, consists of the metallic element silver (Ag) and two non-metallic elements, nitrogen and oxygen (N and O). Silver nitrate mixed with water (H 2 O) forms a clear solution. When a piece of copper wire (Cu) is put into a silver nitrate solution, the clear solution turns blue. A silvery white substance forms on the wire and falls to the bottom of the solution. • Silver nitrate contains Which statement best explains why silver nitrate (Ag. NO 3) is a metal. classified as a compound? • Silver nitrate chemically reacts with copper. • Silver nitrate forms when three elements chemically combine. • Silver nitrate forms a solution when mixed with water.

Alex placed a small beaker of cold water on a hot plate and heated it for 10 minutes. He took the temperature of the water several times during those 10 minutes and recorded his data. Alex claims that the graph below shows the relationship between temperature and time when water is heated. Which statement best explains why the temperature leveled off in section 2 of the graph? • Alex turned off the hot plate so the water did not get any warmer. • The water reached the boiling point, so the temperature no longer increased. • An experimental error caused the graph to level off, because the water temperature should keep increasing over time. • Cold water heats faster than warm water, so once the cold water was room temperature, it took more than 10 minutes to make it hot.

A scientist uses an instrument to observe the pattern of molecules in a substance. The picture below shows what the scientist sees. • What state of matter is the scientist most likely observing?

Which of the following graphs shows how the rate of evaporation changes with changes in water temperature?

When water changes from solid to liquid to gas, which statement is true? • The mass (amount) stays the same. • The temperature goes down. • The temperature stays the same. • The mass (amount) is greater.

A pond is pictured below in two different season. • Which of the following has caused the changes in the pond from A to B? • The pond water has lost heat energy. • The pond water temperature has increased. • Warm water has risen to the top of the pond. • All of the water has evaporated from the pond.

The chart represents the melting points and boiling points of some substances. • Which substance is a gas at 45°C?

Generally, how do atomic masses vary throughout the periodic table of the elements? • They increase from left to right and top to bottom. • They increase from left to right and bottom to top. • They increase from right to left and top to bottom. • They increase from right to left and bottom to top.

The atomic number of iron is 26, and the atomic mass is 55. 847. What do these numbers mean in regard to protons, electrons and neutrons? • There are 26 each of protons and neutrons, and the rest of the mass is the result of electrons. • There are 26 protons and 26 electrons. Some atoms of iron have 29 neutrons; the. 847 shows that there is more than one isotope of iron. • There are 26 protons and 29 neutrons. Each particle has an atomic mass of 1 • There are 26 protons and 26 neutrons. Since neutrons have slightly more mass than protons, the mass is greater than 52.

The Periodic Table of the Elements classifies all of the known elements into categories based on their physical and chemical properties. Repeating pattern within the table are useful in predicting how elements combine to form every kind of matter. In order to be identified as the element carbon (C), an atom must have ____. • 6 protons • 6 neutrons • 12 electrons • 6 electrons

• Below are four ball-and-stick models representing compounds. Which of these models best represents ammonia (NH 3)?

Which of the following is formed when two elements combine chemically? • an atom • a compound • an electron • a mixture

The graph represents the amount of energy in the reactants and products of a chemical reaction. • If total energy is conserved, which statement explains why the energy of the reactants does not equal the energy of the products? • The reaction is exothermic. • The reaction is endothermic. • The reaction requires a catalyst. • The reaction has a low activation energy.

The law of conservation of mass can be demonstrated by a chemical reaction. Which of the following models of a chemical reaction best represents the law of conservation of mass?

Elements X and Y react to form compound XY. How is compound XY different from elements X and Y? • The mass of compound XY is greater than the combined masses of elements X and Y. • The volume of compound XY is less than the combined volumes of elements X and Y • The physical properties of compound XY have changed from those of elements X and Y. • The reaction of compound XY is greater than the reactivity of elements X and Y.

Jessi is completing an investigation. She could conclude a chemical change is taking place if which of the following occurs? • The size gets smaller. • A new substance forms. • The state of matter changes. • The shape becomes different.

The reaction of Ca. O and water is exothermic. A student mixes the two chemicals in a test tube and touches the side of the test tube. Which statement describes the student's observation? • The test tube becomes hot as heat is released. • The test tube becomes hot as heat is absorbed. • The test tube becomes cold as heat is released. • The test tube becomes cold as heat is absorbed.