AMERICAN HISTORY 1 ST SEMESTER FINAL STUDY GUIDE

AMERICAN HISTORY 1 ST SEMESTER FINAL STUDY GUIDE 12 -15 -14

1. The U. S. sent military forces to Bosnia in the 1990 s to prevent ethnic cleansing programs from resulting in broader political and economic instability. 2. This region has contributed the most to immigration to the U. S. in the 21 st Century- Latin America 3. The pursuit of this economic foreign policy objective cost President Clinton the support of labor unions and more extreme liberalsblocking immigration from poor countries 4. Bombing of the World Trade Center in 1993 was an example of the growth of this issue at the end of the 20 th century- terrorism 5. When a country spends more money than in makes, it is running a deficit

6. Most Americans are most closely associated with this political ideology. Moderate 7. This best exemplifies Globalization- A Mexican textile factory produces clothes using cotton grown in Egypt, and sells those close to Western markets. 8. The term “superpower” refers to the relationship between the U. S. and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. 9. The following scenarios best exemplifies a “bipartisan compromise” A Republican senator and a Democratic senator both agree to give part of what they hope for up, in order to get a bill passed more easily through the Senate. 10. The following is a conservative achievement of the Clinton administration Balanced the budget for the first time since 1835

11. The following would be considered stereotypically conservative- Pro. Life 12. The following would be considered stereotypically Liberal- More gun control laws 13. The following was a permanent result of the terrorist attacks on 9/11 The creation of the Department of Homeland Security 14. The result of the post-Cold War credit bubble popping- Ethnic cleansing movements in Southern Europe 15. The name of the act that extended the FBI’s powers of surveillance to prevent another terrorist’ attack- The Patriot Act

16. One effect of the building of the transcontinental railroad was to attract more migrants to the West 17. The Homestead Act attracted more Farmers to the Frontier- It offered free land to farmers who would improve it within five years. 18. The Dawes Act was designed to promote Indian Assimilation 19. The government policy of manifest destiny affected Native Americans living on the plains in the late 1800 s because the Native Americans were forced on to reservations while settlers took their land 20. Brought the first wave of settlers to the West- Mining

21. The following natural resources were found in abundance in the West during the mid-1800 s- Gold and Silver 22. The following provided an incentive for people to farm the Great Plains- The Homestead Act 23. The mining frontier played an important role in Attracting the first large white population to the West 24. The Homestead Act gave away public land in order to: Promote settlement of the Great Plains 25. The Dawes Act (1887) Divided reservations into 160 -acre family farms

26. The open range cattle industry came to an end for all of the following reasons EXCEPT Declining demand for beef in the East. 27. The buffalo were nearly exterminated through wholesale killing by white settlers and the army 28. The statement best describes mining throughout the West Mining required a large amount of technology that often destroyed the surrounding environment 29. The open range was closed to grazing with the use of Barbed Wire 30. The following was NOT a result of the discovery of gold, silver and other minerals on the frontier- The United States changed from an industrial nation to a farming nation

31. “Prices and wages should only be determined by the marketplace. ” The author of this statement would probably support Laissez-faire capitalism 32. According to theory of laissez-faire, the economy functions best when government Does not interfere with business 33. During the second half of the 19 th century, government commitment to laissez-faire capitalism contributed to Economic domination by business trusts 34. As the western railroads over supplied the West, demand for western travel fell. The result to the price of steel and stock in the rail industry was that Price fell 35. One factor that furthered industrialization in the United States between 1865 and 1900 was the Expansion of the railroads

36. New technologies of the 19 th century did all of the following EXCEPT no Decreased the number of large factories 37. One result of labor unrest about unsafe working conditions was The Haymarket Riot 38. The competing electrical distribution method was cheaper and more efficient was Alternating Current (AC) 39. Vertical Integration is when businesses increase their profits and their market share by Buying the raw materials that make one’s given finished product (eg. Iron Ore and Coal for Steel) 40. Instead of the government, laissez-faire relies on this to regulate prices and wages: ply and Demand

41. Horizontal Integration is when businesses increase their profits and their market share by Directly buying out competitors 42. During the late 1800 s, a major reason labor unions had difficulty achieving their goals was that Government favored capital over labor 43. Businesses formed trusts and pools mainly Increase profits and eliminate competition 44. The term Monopoly can best be described as A single company controls or dominates an entire industry 45. John D. Rockefeller revolutionized the oil industry by following the strategy of Horizontal integration

46. In their Reconstruction policies, both President Lincoln and President Johnson insisted upon Southern approval of the Thirteenth Amendment. 47. The Freedmen’s Bureau succeeded in Providing clothing, medical care, food, and education to many freed people 48. Southern state governments restricted the rights of former slaves by Passing black codes 49. The main goal of the Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction was Prevent African Americans from exercising their rights. 50. After Rutherford B. Hayes became President in 1877, he Removed federal troops from the South.

51. A characteristic of agriculture in the South after the Civil War An emphasis on growing of cash crops. 52. By the mid-1870 s, many Americans were tired of Reconstruction partly because Heavy taxation caused by Reconstruction policies 53. A major failure of Reconstruction was that War debts remained unpaid. 54. The Civil War left the South In ruins. 55. Many poor white southern laborers could no longer find work because of Competition from freedmen

56. The most visible new black organizations in the South were Churches 57. The Fourteenth Amendment was part of a series of laws that Ensured the civil rights of African Americans 58. In 1870, thanks to the Fifteenth Amendment, southern black men Voted for the first time. 59. Carpetbaggers were northern Republicans who Moved to the postwar South 60. Reconstruction succeeded in its goals of restoring the Union and helping to Repair the war-torn South.

61. The League of Nations and the United Nations were created to prevent future wars 62. During the late nineteenth century, many anti-imperialists worried that imperialism might threaten the United States’ democratic values by violating fundamental human rights 63. The effect did anti-immigration sentiment have on domestic policy in the early twentieth century The government placed quotas on immigration 64. The Pure Food and Drug Act changed the way government regulated business because The government required businesses to indicate the ingredients in their products in order to protect the consumer. 65. Reforms of the Progressive Movement • The purpose of these reforms was expanding participation in the political process

66. Large numbers of African Americans migrate to the North in the early Twentieth Century because Southern Jim Crow laws restricted their job opportunities. 67. US business interests favored overseas expansion in the late 1800 s to acquire new markets and sources of raw materials To protect its economic interests, the United States has long played an active role in Latin American affairs. The Panama Canal is the most concrete symbol of United States involvement in Latin America. 68. The foreign policy initiative did President Theodore Roosevelt strengthen to keep European countries from interfering in Latin American - Monroe Doctrine

69. The federal government's approach to regulating monopolies in the early 1900 s was to break up corporate trusts 70. The purchase of Alaska in 1867 important to the development of the United States economy because The land was rich in timber, gold, and oil 71. In the late 1800 s, the Great Plains region become closely associated with the Populist movement because A large portion of the population was farmers. 72. This statements does NOT describe an obstacle to the assimilation of immigrant groups in the United States in the late 1800 s- Chinese immigrants worked difficult jobs that many Americans did not want.

73. In the era after World War I and before the Great Depression, American suburbs began to grow rapidly because of Mass production of automobiles 74. BEST description of the German strategy for winning World War I was Attrition 75. The following was the most significant source of urban population growth from 1890 -1920 - Immigration