Physical Science Chapter 4 Sec 2 Atomic Structure

Physical Science Chapter 4, Sec. 2 Atomic Structure & Atomic Structure Calculations

Physical Science: Chapter 4: Atomic Structures & Calcs Atomic Structure n Atoms of the same element have the same number of _____. n Hydrogen has ___ n Helium has ___ n Lithium has ___, etc.

Physical Science: Chapter 4: Atomic Structures & Calcs Atomic Number (Z) n The _________(Z) is the number of _______in the _______of an atom. n Atoms of the same _______have _______ the same _________

Physical Science: Chapter 4: Atomic Structures & Calcs Atomic Structure n Neutral atoms of elements _______________ of protons and electrons, so these atoms alone have ______.

Physical Science: Chapter 4: Atomic Structures & Calcs Mass Number (A) n The ______(A) is the total number of _______plus ______in the nucleus. = _______ + ________

Physical Science: Chapter 4: Atomic Structures & Calcs Mini-Quiz #3 1). Name three sub-atomic particles and their charges. 2). How do you calculate the mass number of an atom? 3). How do you determine the atomic number for an element?

Physical Science: Chapter 4: Atomic Structures & Calcs Mini-Quiz #3 4). What is the atomic number (Z) and mass number (A) for the atom shown on the right?

Physical Science: Chapter 4: Atomic Structures & Calcs Isotopes n Atoms of the SAME element (___________) CAN have ___________: carbon-12 (mass = 12. 00000 amu) n carbon-13 (mass = 13. 00335 amu) n carbon-14 (mass = 14. 003241 amu) n

Physical Science: Chapter 4: Atomic Structures & Calcs Isotopes n They must have ______ numbers of _______! n Atoms of the same element with different numbers of _____are called ____.

Physical Science: Chapter 4: Atomic Structures & Calcs “Naming” Isotopes n Nuclear Symbol Notation: mass number _______ the element symbol atomic number ______ the element symbol.

Physical Science: Chapter 4: Atomic Structures & Calcs n Nuclear symbol method: What is the nuclear symbol for an isotope of nitrogen with 8 neutrons?

Physical Science: Chapter 4: Atomic Structures & Calcs n Hyphen Notation Name of element – mass number. _____ n said or ______ as “carbon twelve”

Isotopes n You can “calculate” the structure of isotopes. n For each isotope you will know the atomic number (or be able to look it up on the Periodic Table) and you will know its mass number. For U-235 Mass Number (A) = _______ Minus Atomic Number (Z) = - _______ Number of neutrons = _______

Physical Science: Chapter 4: Atomic Structures & Calcs Mini-Quiz #4 1). How are isotopes of the same element different? 2). Using hyphen notation write the symbol for nitrogen with 7 n 0 (you may use a Periodic Table) 3). Using nuclear symbol notation, write the symbol for chlorine with 18 neutrons.

Physical Science: Chapter 4: Atomic Structures & Calcs Mini-Quiz #4 4). How many neutrons are in an atom of tritium 31 H? 5). How many protons and neutrons are in an atom of sulfur-33?

Physical Science: Chapter 4: Atomic Structures & Calcs Atomic Mass Unit ● So the ___________(_____) was created. ● 1 amu = 1/12 th mass of a carbon-12 atom, (no powers/exponents) ● For ________, masses on the Periodic Table are in _____units.

Physical Science: Chapter 4: Atomic Structures & Calcs Average Atomic Mass of an Element n n Remember, many elements have _____. Example: q n carbon-12, carbon-13 & carbon-14 The mass for each isotope is slightly different, so the _____on the Periodic Table are __________of the masses of the ________.

Avogadro’s Number • _________(symbol ____) is the number of atoms in 12. 01 grams of carbon. • Its numerical value is _________. • Therefore, a 12. 01 g sample of carbon contains ____________carbon atoms. • The unit Mole comes from the word molecule, from the German word “Molekül” first used by Wilhelm Ostald of Germany in 1902. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8

Mole Calculations I • The ______(mol) is a unit of measure for an amount of a chemical substance. • It is a basically just a ______term for large numbers of things; think of a dozen, a score, a gross, etc. • A mole is Avogadro’s number of particles, which is ________particles. __mol = _____number = _____units • We can use the _____relationship to convert between the _____of ______and the _____of © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. a substance. Chapter 8

Moles and Molecules Later © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8

Mole Calculations I- Show all work! 1. How many carbon atoms are in 0. 240 mol C? 2. How many moles of aluminum are in 3. 42 x 1021 atoms Al? 3. Calculate the number of sodium atoms in 0. 120 mol Na. 4. Calculate the number of molecules in 0. 0763 mol of chlorine gas, Cl 2. 5. Calculate the number of moles of potassium in 1. 25 × 1021 atoms K. 6. Calculate the number of moles of iodine in 5. 34 × 1025 molecules of I 2. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8

Mole Calculations II • Now we will use the ________of an element/compound to convert between ____ of a substance and _______or _____of a substance. – _____particles = __ mol = _____(g) • If we want to convert particles to mass, we must first convert particles to moles, and then we can convert moles to mass. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8

Mole–Mass Calculation- Show all work! 1. What is the mass of 1. 33 moles of titanium, Ti? 2. What is the mass (g) of 3. 50 moles of copper? 3. How many moles are in 11. 9 g of aluminum? 4. What is the mass of 2. 55 x 1023 atoms of lead? Mini-Quiz #5 5. How many grams of helium are there in 27. 5 moles of helium? 6. How many moles of silicon are there in 487. 75 g of silicon? © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8

Physical Science: Chapter 4: Atomic Structures & Calcs CHAPTER REVIEW QUIZ 1). What is the DEFINITION of a mole? 2). What is Avogadro’s Number? 3). How many grams of helium are there in 27. 65 moles of helium? (SHOW your work) 4). How many moles of silicon are there in 487. 75 g of silicon? (SHOW work)