New English Course Reading 10 Prereading Activities Text

New English Course (Reading) 黄 贵 赵伟兴 肖 薇

10 Pre-reading Activities Text Analysis Supplementary Exercises Part A: Companionship of Books New English Course (Book One) Writing Practice Cultural Readings

10 New English Course (Book One) Background Information Pre-reading Activities Warm-up Questions Part A: Companionship of Books

10 words & expressions New English Course (Book One) analysis of text New Words Listening Phrases Language study Outline Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) Summary filling Exercises Vocabulary & structure Translation Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) Writing tips Writing practice Writing exercise Model essay Part A: Companionship of Books

New English Course (Book One) 10 Reading skills Reading practice Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) Background Information Sometimes I have sense, sometimes I have none; Sometimes I offend, then you bid me begone; Sometimes I am merry, sometimes I am sad; Sometimes I am good, sometimes very bad; However, to make me, I cost many brains, Much labor, much thought, and a great deal of pains. Back Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) Warm-up Questions 1. Do you like reading? 2. What kind of books do you like? 3. What can you get through reading? 4. Do you consider books to be your good friends? Why? Back Part A: Companionship of Books

New English Course (Book One) 10 companion distress kindness amuse admiration wisdom union bond survive poet slide n. n. n. v. Part A: Companionship of Books accompany temptation mercy germ inspire possess temple decay account vivid hence vt. n. n. n. vt. n. n. /v. vi. /n. a. ad. Back

New English Course (Book One) 10 to keep…company 　陪伴，交往 in the company of 　和…一起；在…面前 to sympathize with 　同意，表示同情 to wind into the heart 深入人心 to think out 　想出，想到；仔细考虑 by far 　及其 of no account 　不重要得，可忽略得 in a measure 　一定程度上，有几分 Part A: Companionship of Books Back

10 New English Course (Book One) A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men. A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness, amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age. Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) Men often discover their affinity to each other by the love they have each for a book—just as two persons sometimes discover a friend by the admiration which both have for a third. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog. ” But there is more wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book. ” the book is a truer and higher bond of union. Men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favorite author. They live in him together, and he in them. Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) “Books, ” said Hazlitt, “wind into the heart; the poet’s verse slides in the current of our blood. We read them when young, we remember them when old. We read there of what has happened to others, we feel that it has happened to ourselves. They are to be had very cheap and good. We breathe but the air of books. A good book is often the best urn of a life enshrining the best that could think out; for the world of a man’s life is, for the most part, but the world of his thoughts. Thus the best books are treasuries of Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) good words, the golden thoughts, which, remembered and cherished, become our constant companions and comforters. “They are never alone, ” said Sir Philip Sidney, “that are accompanied by noble thoughts. ” The good and true thought may in times of temptation be as an angel of mercy purifying and guarding the soul. It also enshrines the germs of action, for good words almost always inspire to good works. Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues decay, but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their authors’ minds, ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from he printed page. The only effect of time has been to sift out the bad products; for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good. Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) Books introduce us into the best society; they bring us into the presence of the greatest minds that have ever lived. We hear what they said and did; we see them as if they were alive; we sympathize with them, enjoy with them, grieve with them; their experience becomes ours, and we feel as if we were in a measure actors with them in the scenes which they describe. Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) The great and good do not die even in this world. Embalmed in books, their spirits walk abroad. The book is a living voice. It is an intellect to which one still listens. Hence we ever remain under the influence of the great men of old. The imperial intellects of the world are as much alive now as they were ages ago. Back Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) be known by Phrases be known for 以…而闻名 be known to sb. 为某人所知 be known as 以…身份知名，借…为人所知 Part A: Companionship of Books

New English Course (Book One) 10 for conj. for, a coordinate conjunction, which means ”because”, but is weaker than “because” Example He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyes were failing. 他发现自己读书越来越困难，因 为他的视力正在下降。 Part A: Companionship of Books

New English Course (Book One) 10 Sentence paraphrasing whether it be of books or of men. How to paraphrase this sentence? key whether it is a companionship of books or of people Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) be in formal English, an infinitive can be used in adverbial clauses introduced by if, whatever, though, whether, etc. , indicating possibility, guess, concession, etc Example Even if that be the official view, it cannot be accepted. 即使是官方的意见，人们也无法 接受。 Part A: Companionship of Books

New English Course (Book One) 10 companion n. a person you spend a lot of time with because you are friends or traveling fellows Example Mike has been my faithful companion forty years. 麦克和我是 40多年的老朋友了。 Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) companionship n the relationship of companions, fellowship Example I enjoy the companionship of books. 我喜欢以书为伴。 Part A: Companionship of Books

New English Course (Book One) 10 Sentence paraphrasing It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. How to paraphrase this sentence? key A good book will never abandon us when we are in trouble. Part A: Companionship of Books

New English Course (Book One) 10 Sentence paraphrasing It always receives us with the same kindness, amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age How to paraphrase this sentence? key Books always treat us kindly. They provide us with amusements and instructions when we are young and give us comfort and enjoyment when we get old. Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) Note on Usage Each: before a noun takes a singular verb; use it when you are thinking of the members of a group separately, or one at a time. Example Each student was given a different task. Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) Note on Usage every: use it when thinking of a whole group, or making general statements. Example Every child likes to get presents. Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) admire vt. to appreciate, to regard with pleasure and satisfaction Example The Americans admire President Lincoln very much 美国人都很钦佩林肯总统。 Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) admiration n. the feeling of delight or satisfaction; the object which is admired Example His skill at games made him the admiration of CS fans 他高超的游戏技能赢得了CS爱好者 的赞美。 Part A: Companionship of Books

10 admirable a. worthy of admiration, excellent Example Your proposal that the money should be used to build a nursery school is admirable. 你这个把钱用于建造一 个托儿所的建议很好（ 值得赞美）。 Part A: Companionship of Books New English Course (Book One)

New English Course (Book One) 10 Sentence paraphrasing the book is a truer and higher bond of union. Men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favorite author. They live in him together, and he in them. How to paraphrase this sentence? key A book is like a bond connecting the author and his readers. People can think, feel and sympathize with each other because they love to read the same author’s works. They share the same thoughts with the author and the author influences them individually. Part A: Companionship of Books

10 sympathize v. to understand, to support Example We have long sympathized with the aims of the green Party. 我们长期以来一直支持绿 党保护生态环境的目标 Part A: Companionship of Books New English Course (Book One)

10 New English Course (Book One) sympathetic a. understanding, concerned; agreeing, supporting Example Jerry give her a sympathetic glance. 杰瑞同情的瞥了她一眼。 Part A: Companionship of Books

New English Course (Book One) 10 slide v. Example 孩子们正在滑冰，玩得正欢。 The children were slipping happily on the ice. The children were sliding happily on the ice. Part A: Companionship of Books

New English Course (Book One) 10 Sentence paraphrasing They are to be had very cheap and good How to paraphrase this sentence? key Books can be found cheap and good. Notes to be had: a passive voice is used as a predictive, a typical 19 th- century way of writing. Part A: Companionship of Books

New English Course (Book One) 10 Sentence paraphrasing We breathe but the air of books. How to paraphrase this sentence? key We breathe only the air of book. Notes but ad. only, just only Other examples in this passage: but the word of his thoughts (L 26) Part A: Companionship of Books

New English Course (Book One) 10 for the most part Synonyms Part A: Companionship of Books in most cases mostly; generally; by and large; all in all; on the average

New English Course (Book One) 10 Sentence paraphrasing “They are never alone, ” said Sir Philip Sidney, “that are accompanied by noble thoughts. ” How to paraphrase this sentence? key People who possess noble thoughts will never feel alone. Part A: Companionship of Books

New English Course (Book One) 10 Sentence paraphrasing The good and true thought may in times of temptation be as an angel of mercy purifying and guarding the soul How to paraphrase this sentence? key Being like an angel, the noble thoughts of a book can purify our soul, protecting it from the influence of any evil temptation. Part A: Companionship of Books

New English Course (Book One) 10 Sentence paraphrasing It also enshrines the germs of action, for good words almost always inspire to good works. How to paraphrase this sentence? key The good thought contains good seeds of action, and good words almost always lead to good works. Part A: Companionship of Books

10 inspire vt. to arouse, cause (a feeling) Example His noble example inspired the rest of us to greater efforts. 他那高尚的榜样激发我们大家更 加努力。 Part A: Companionship of Books New English Course (Book One)

10 possess vt. to own, to have Example For hundreds of years London possessed only one bridge. 几百年来，伦敦只有一 座桥。 Part A: Companionship of Books New English Course (Book One)

10 New English Course (Book One) by far ( with comparative or superlative) by a large amount of or degree Example It is quicker by far to go by air. 乘飞机要快的多 Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) account n. 1) a statement, an explanation; 2) a bill; a record of money dealing; 3) importance Phrases 1. on account: because of, for the reason 2. to take into account/take account of: to consider Part A: Companionship of Books

New English Course (Book One) 10 Sentence paraphrasing What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from he printed page How to paraphrase this sentence? key What is talked about in a book is still speaking to us now as vividly as it was many years ago when the book was printed. Part A: Companionship of Books

New English Course (Book One) 10 Sentence paraphrasing The only effect of time has been to sift out the bad products; for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good. How to paraphrase this sentence? key Time is not important to books. The only effect of time on books is that bad works are abandoned with the passing years and only really good works of literature can survive. Part A: Companionship of Books

10 presence 　　 n the state or fact of being present Example Your presence is requested at he shareholder's meeting. 敬请您出席股东会议。 Part A: Companionship of Books New English Course (Book One)

New English Course (Book One) 10 Sentence paraphrasing It is an intellect to which one still listens. How to paraphrase this sentence? key People always consider a good book as a person of intellect. They listen to him and act as he says. Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) individual n. a single being or member of a group Example He plans to get money for the long journey from private individuals. 他计划从其他人手里筹钱， 以进行他的长途旅行。 Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) individual a. specially for one person or thing; characteristic of a single person, animal, plant, etc. Example The model has an individual way of dressing. 这个模特着装很有自己的 风格 Part A: Companionship of Books

New English Course (Book One) 10 Sentence paraphrasing Is the principal cause of these disorders overpopulation? How to paraphrase this sentence? key Is overpopulation the main cause of these disorders? Part A: Companionship of Books

New English Course (Book One) 10 Sentence paraphrasing In any case, social scientists and city planners have been influenced by the results of this series of experiments. How to paraphrase this sentence? key Anyway, the results of this series of experiments have influenced people who are concerned with the study of people in society and people who plan the way in which cities are to develop. Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) in any case whatever happens or may have happened Example In any case, catch the train tomorrow. 无论如何，都要赶 上明天的火车 Part A: Companionship of Books

New English Course (Book One) 10 Outline of the text 1. Books are people’s faithful companions. 2. Books are truer and higher bonds connecting authors and readers. 3. Books wind into people’s hearts. 4. Books are treasure houses of life. 5. Books are immortal. Back Part A: Companionship of Books

New English Course (Book One) 10 Summary filling Direction: The following passage is the summary of the text, put the missing words in the blanks according your understanding of the text. compares books to good companions of people. The author _____ Being faithful friends, books stay with us whether we are happy or sad. They give us pleasure and joy, knowledge and instruction. People can make friends through their favorite author. A book is a treasure house of life where there are golden inspire thoughts which always _____ people to good deeds. immortal They won’t decay as temples, statues and Books are ____. other constructions do. What it described truthfully in a book is fresh and vivid no matter when or where it happens. Through reading books, we can listen to the world’s greatest _____ intellects and creative thinkers who have survived throughout history. Through books, they influence us and direct our actions. intellects Part A: Companionship of Books Back

10 New English Course (Book One) the other parts of the rat population, non-dominant males were affected by the overpopulation ____. as well They also exhibited strange social behavior. Some of them _______ withdrew completely while others were too active. The behavior of people living in overcrowded places is parallelto that of the rats in the experiments. The _______ suggest that results of this series of experiments _______ overpopulation might be the principal cause of social disorders. Back Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) Vocabulary & structure Directions: Use the appropriate forms of the words listed to fill the blanks of the following sentences. 1. company, companionship, to accompany companions a. My fellow travelers were good _____. company till the train comes. b. I’ll keep you ______ companied by four cassettes. c. The course books are _____ d. I lived on my own for a while but I missed the companionship _______. Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) 2. to admire, admiration, admirable, admiring, admirer admiration of the beautiful view. a. The tourist paused in _____ b. I think you showed _____ admirable self-control in your answer. admired for their discipline. c. The military were _____ d. The movie star has many _____. admirers Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) 3. to amuse, amusement, amused, amusingly a. Mr. Williams played the piano just for his own _____. amusement amused b. Children are able to keep themselves _____. amusing story in the paper this morning. c. There is an _____ amusingly of the exam he d. Henry talked lightly and _____ passed. Back Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) Translation 1. 不要与那种在朋友有困难时离朋友而去的人结交。 Don’t keep company with those who turn their back upon their friends when they are in difficulty. 2. 无论汤姆是否愿意他都得陪妹妹去上学。 Tom had to accompany his sister to school whether he wanted or not. 3. 这位有经验的特 人员终于想出了摆脱德国间谍的方法。 The experienced agent eventually thought out a way to get rid of the German spy. Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) 4. 为了还债，有些学生只好放弃休假，推迟研究生学习 并改变自己的专业。 To repay debts, some students have to give up vacations, postpone graduate studies as well as change their specialties. 5. 魔术师靠的是自己的技巧和心理学的知识。 What a magician depends on are his hands skills and knowledge of psychology Back Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) Writing exercise Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Population Control. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1 人口增� 的原因和� 状。 2 人口增�� 社会� 来的危害。 3 怎� 解决人口�� 。 Back Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) Model essay Population Control The rapid development in science and technology and the improvement of living conditions have led to the fast growth of the world population. Modern medicine, for example, has made it possible for babies to grow up healthily and for people to live longer. With improved living conditions, particularly in the countryside, people tend to have larger families. As a result, the world population has increased so rapidly that it has now exceeded 6 billion. Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) Meanwhile the overgrowth of population presents a threat to the existence of human society. A large population demands a great amount of food supply and shelter space. However, limited productivity and scarce world resources can hardly meet the needs of the ever-increasing population. Thus, in the long run, the overgrowth of the world population will only do harm to the mankind. To make sure of the steady development of human society, mankind must realize the serious consequences caused by fast population growth and carry out a family planning program. Only by taking effective measures can human society develop steadily and have a bright future. Back Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) Reading skills Using a dictionary (2) In consulting a dictionary, you may have difficulties with idioms and phrases. First, you may not be aware that it is an idiom or a set phrase. Secondly, when you know that it is a phrase, you cannot decide which word you should look up in the dictionary. An idiom or a set phrase is a group of words which means something different from the meanings of the separate words. When you find some words used together in a sentence whose meaning cannot be understood from the ordinary meanings of the words in it, these words probably form an idiom or a phrase. To be “hard up” is an idiom meaning to lack money. Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) Here is some advice on finding the main word in a phrase. a. Usually a noun is the main word in a phrase, e. g. “to make one’s way”, “on the other hand”. b. When there is no noun, but there is a verb in a phrase, the verb is usually the main word in the phrase, e. g. , “to turn up”, “to switch on”. c. An adjective, is the main word in a phrase introduced by an adjective. e. g. , “capable of”, “available for”. d. An adverb can also be the main word in a phrase, e. g. “up to”, “as soon as”. Back Part A: Companionship of Books

New English Course (Book One) 10 Reading practice A Payment Greater than Money When I was 14, I earned money in the summer by mowing lawns, and I got to know people by the flowers I had to remember not to cut down, by the things stuck in the ground on purpose or by the things lost in the grass. I also learned something about my neighbors in Louisville, KY, by their preferred method of payment: by the job, the month—or not at all. Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) Mr. Ballou fell into the last category, and he always had a reason. One day he had nothing smaller than a fifty. On another he was flat out of checks; on another he was simply not home when I knocked on his door. Still, except for the money, he was a nice enough old guy, always waving or tipping his hat when he’d see me from a distance. I figured him for a thin retirement check, maybe an injury that kept him from doing his own yard-work. I kept a running total, but didn't worry about the amount too much. Grass was grass, and the little that was Mr. Ballou’s didn't take long to trim. Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) Then, one late afternoon in mid-July, I was walking by his house, and he asked to come inside. The hall was cool, dark, and it took my eyes a minute to adjust to the weak light. “ I owe you, ” Mr. Ballou began, “ but …” I thought I’d save him the trouble of thinking up a new excuse. “ No problem. Don’t worry about it. ” Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) “The bank made a mistake in my account, ” he continued, ignoring my words. “It will be cleared up in a day or two. In the meantime, I thought perhaps you could choose one or two books for a down payment. ” He gestured toward the walls, and I saw books piled everywhere. It was like a library, except with no order to the arrangement. ” Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) “Take your time, ” Mr. Ballou encouraged, “Read, borrow, keep. Find something you like. What do you read? ” “I don’t know. ” And I didn't. I generally read what I could get from the shelf at the drugstore or what I found at home—magazines, backs of food boxes, comics. The idea of consciously seeking out a special title was new to me, but not without appealing—so I browsed through the piles of the books and asked, “You actually read all of these? ” Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) Mr. Ballou nodded. “This is just what I’v kept, the ones worth looking at a second time. ” “Pick for me then. ” He raised his eyebrows and head, looked at me at though measuring me for a suit. After a moment, he searched through a pile and handed me a darkred book, fairly thick. “The Last of the Just, ” I read. “By Andrey Schwarz-Bart. What’s it about? ” “You tell me, ” he said. “Next week. ” Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) I started after supper, sitting outdoors on an uncomfortable kitchen chair. Within a few pages, the yard, the summer, disappeared, and I was plunged into the aching tragedy of the Holocaust, the extraordinary clash of good, represented by one decent man and evil. The language was elegant, simple and overwhelming. When the evening light finally failed, I moved inside and read all through the night. Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) To this day, 35 years later, I vividly remember the experience. I was shocked by the unusual power a novel could contain. I lacked the vocabulary to translate my feelings into words, so the next week, when Mr. Ballou asked, “Well? ” I replied, “It was good. ” “Keep it then, ” he said. “Shall I suggest another? ” I nodded, and was presented with Margaret Mead’s classic study in anthology, Coming of Age in Samoa. Part A: Companionship of Books

10 New English Course (Book One) To make two long stories short, Mr. Ballou never paid me a dime for cutting his grass that year or the next, but, eventually, I would teach anthropology at Dartmouth College. And I discovered that a book, if it arrives at the right moment, in the proper season, will change the course of all that follows. 这篇文章，你看 明白了没有哇？ 那么，下页的题 看你能做对多少 ？ Part A: Companionship of Books

New English Course (Book One) 10 Complete the following statements 1. Michael Dorris is a professor of Dartmouth college ________at _________, anthropology 60 and he was about ____ when he wrote this passage. 2. Michael had learned something about his mowing lawns for them during neighbors by __________ summer when he was 14. Part A: Companionship of Books

New English Course (Book One) 10 Complete the following statements kind old man 3. Michael figured that Mr. Ballou was a______ retirement check. with a thin _____ 4. Each time Mr. Ballou say Michael, he would find a paying money to the boy for his work reason for not ________________. Part A: Companionship of Books

New English Course (Book One) 10 The end Thank You! Part A: Companionship of Books