Micromegas 2me partie expriences P Colas Saclay CNSTN

Micromegas 2ème partie : expériences P. Colas, Saclay CNSTN, Tunis 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 1

PLAN DE L’EXPOSE 1ère PARTIE Propriétés et fonctionnement TPC, dérive et amplification Principe de fonctionnement de Micromegas Propriétés de Micromegas Stabilité et uniformité du gain, gap optimal Résolution en énergie Efficacité de collection et transparence aux électrons Réduction naturelle du retour des ions Fabrication de Micromegas microgrille et plots In. Grid La technologie “bulk” Micromegas à anode résistive Détecteur digital 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 2

PLAN 2ème PARTIE – Expériences Micromegas COMPASS CAST Le spectromètre de faisceau KABES La TPC T 2 K ND-280 Le Large Prototype pour l’ILC Détecteurs Micromegas de neutrons TPC pour la matière noire et les neutrinos 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 3

COMPASS • MIP detection for measuring the nucleon spin structure • High particle flow : 105 k. Hz/cm 2 • Sparks give less than 1 per mil dead time • Space resolution < 70 mm with 350 mm strips • The largest Micromegas so far (40 x 40 cm 2) • In operation at CERN since 2002 efficiency>97% Going to hadrons and new non-magnetic cathodes in 2008 (with a new magnet) 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 4

CERN Axion Solar Telescope CAST • Solar Axion detection : con- version of solar axions in a LHC magnet -> observe low-energy X-rays • 2 D with overlayed crossed strips • In operation at CERN since 2003 • Improvements in progress (energy resolution, shielding, new detector, golden cathode to avoid copper fluorescence, new optics) ti ie cf se er y ra r X tecto de 27 mars 2008 X v ns a Tr y ra e gn a m ld ) (B ns io ax L Micromegas : expériences 5

CAST y • Low threshold : 600 e. V ! • Low background (fluorescence) 6. 5 ke. V g Low energy spectrum from Micromegas in CAST C u X Cu Fe esca pe Fe escap e Ar 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 6

KAon BEam Spectrometer NA 48/KABES Tdrift 2 Micromegas TPC for CP violation expt in operation at CERN from summer 2003 to end of 2004. Extension for K+ -> nn project (25 micron gap)? Micromegas Gap 50 μm Tdrif Time resolution: 0. 6 ns t 1 Tagged K track Space resolution from drift time measurement: 70 μm (T 0)KABES- (T 0)DCH Spectrometer (ns) Tagging with reconstructed 27 mars 2008 K± ± + - XStation 1 or 2 - XStation 3 (cm) Micromegas : expériences 7

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Neutron detection • Use a converter to extract alphas • Numerous applications: neutron tomography, neutron detection in hostile environments 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 9

• Numerous applications: neutron tomography, neutron detection in hostile environments 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 10

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X-ray Radiography (Roentgen 1895) : see bones through skin and meat Neutron Radiography : see gas (H 2) through glass and metal Very useful for rocket engine studies 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 12

T 2 K : Tokai to Kamiokande • • • 27 mars 2008 Long Base Line neutrino experiment with an intense beam (0. 75 MW) Aiming at q 13 , and “atmospheric oscillation” measurements. 2 detectors: far (SK) and near at 280 m from target Off-axis beam JPARC currently under construction first beam 2009 Micromegas : expériences 13

T 2 K Physics Goals P(νμ→ νμ)≈1 - cos 4 θ 13 sin 2 2θ 23 sin 2 (1. 27 Δm 223 L/Eν) • disappearance • Need flux and spectrum measurement at ND 280 detector • 5000 ev/year SK, 105 ev/year ND 280 P(νμ→ νe)≈sin 2 2θ 13 sin 2 (1. 27 Δm 213 L/Eν) 1 -sin 2(2θ 23) Δ(m 23)2 Eν(Me. V) • 100 ev/5 years for sin 2(2θ 13)=0. 1, BKG 15 • Need νe contamination at ND 280 and study of other backgrounds 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 14

Purpose of ND 280 • Measure the neutrino spectrum before oscillation. • Measure the intrinsic e beam contamination from and kaon decays. • Measure the 0 production in Neutral Current with neutrino flux close to the one at SK. • Measure the exclusive cross-sections at the relevant energies (< 1 Gev). • Measure nuclear effects that are relevant at these energies: – Proton and pion rescattering and charge exchange. B = 0. 2 T 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 15

T 2 K 3 TPC stations 2. 5 m y z x 2. 5 m 1 m Detector module Started in December 2004, should take data end 2009 • 3 TPCs stations; each with 2 planes of detector modules → From the beginning, think wide operating ranges, flexible hardware modular architecture, design staging 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 16

Detector A The T 2 K TPC Réseau DAQ control 3 TPC Outside magnet Gigabit Ethernet TCP/IP 12 duplex Inside magnet 1 m 5 Optical fibres Global trigger VME/PCI backplane bus 6 DCCs 2, 5 m 2, m Detector B 1 of 6 TPC planes (12 -modules) x 6 1 of 6 Data Concentrator Card PC Linux 1 of 72 modules 1728 pad Micromegas plane 288 channel Front End Card (FEC) 1 of 1728 Front-End ASIC “AFTER” Slow control network Front End Mezzanine Card (FEM) Power bar Optical fiber to/from DCC Low voltage Power supply 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 72 channel x 511 time buckets Switched capacitor array 17

AFTER Technology: AMS CMOS 0. 35 mm Number of transistors: 400, 000 Area: 7546 mm x 7139 mm SCA: 76 x 511 Cells Package: LQFP 160 pins; 30 x 1. 4 mm pitch: 0. 65 mm Submission: 24 April 2006 Delivery: end of July 2006 Characterization: October 2006 – March 2007 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 18

Connectors to detector plane Passive Components ~12 cm ASIC 4 channel ADC ASIC 288 channel FE card Digital output ~25 cm → Foresee FEC PRR in ~Q 1 -2008 and production in ~Q 2 -Q 3 2008 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 19

Front-End Mezzanine → Foresee FEM Production Readiness Review in ~Q 3 -2008 and production in ~Q 4 2008 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 20

Detector Module Read-out Electronics 288 -channel analog Front-End Card (FEC) 1728 -pad detector plane 80 -pin connector 72 -channel ASIC Slow-control Network - CANbus Quad-channel ADC digital Front-end Mezzanine card (FEM) FPGA Fiber to DCC Optical Transceiver Low voltage power 84 modules in total Data taking at CERN on Harp setup in Sept. 07 • electronics was very stable during the 10 -day period of data taking 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 21

Production and Test Bench at CERN University of Geneva, Barcelona 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 22

CERN Read-out board Coverlay lamination 27 mars 2008 Rui de Oliveira Detector developed cured tested Micromegas : expériences TS-DEM 23

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Bulk detectors are now very stable. Gains up to 60000 But run at 700 -800 Ar CF 4 Isobutane 95: 3: 2 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 26

36 x 34 cm 2 1728 pads Pad pitch 6. 9 x 9 mm 2 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 27

Gain about 800 ! 1 ‘spark’ (100 n. A) per 10 hours without beam. 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 28

Cluster space point resolution in T 2 K § Improved space point for 2 -pad clusters B=0. 2 T 2005 1 -pad clusters s < 700 m @ 1 m 2 -pad clusters B=0. 2 T § Larger fraction of > 1 -pad clusters (low-noise FEE) § Preliminary values of d. E/dx resolution for ~ 35 cm long tracks (E=160 V/cm): - 12. 4% B=0. 2 T - 11. 1% B=0. 4 T should fulfill requested 2007 s < 600 m @ 1 m 2 -pad clusters 1 -pad clusters resolutions of 10% for ~70 cm long tracks on both P @ 1 Ge. V/c and d. E/dx 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 29

Micromegas Panels for Large Prototype • Resistive anode from the start -> resistive “bulk” • Use of T 2 K electronics • Several solutions for the resistive layer and the mesh under study 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 30

AFTER-chip based readout • The most compact at present: 72 channels • Very flexible : 10 to 100 MHz sampling, shaping: peaking time from 90 to 800 ns, can be switched off, zero suppression. • Production decided last October 12. Will take place in Q 3 2008 (140 000 channels for T 2 K, 14000 for LC-TPC LP) 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 31

MICROMEGAS + RESIST. FOIL PANEL 24 rows x 72 pads HV Resistive layer grounding Av. Pad pitch 3. 2 x 7 mm 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 32

connector side Detector side 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 33

Time. Pix multi-chip panel Daisy-chained chips to be equipped with In. Grids 2 x 4 matrix Si. Prot+Ingrid Pad ~ 2, 8 x 6, 8 mm² 1 MUROS 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 34

ATLAS muon chambers for SLHC average single count rates for L=1034 cm-2 s-1 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 35

ATLAS Micromegas R&D Collaboration Evaluate possible use of micromegas for ATLAS muon chamber upgrade programme • Eo. I submitted in February 2007 to ATLAS Upgrade Office • Proposal submitted in June 2007 • Expect approval by ATLAS EB in the near future. . . • 15 participating Institutes so far; with growing interest. . . • Regular weekly meetings at CERN since February • TWiki page https: //twiki. cern. ch/twiki/bin/view/Atlas/Muon. Micromegas 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 36

Goals § Phase I: Build and evaluate small prototype(s) based on micromegas technology to – – get familiar with technology demonstrate required performance Decide on – – § Operating parameters (gas, gas gain, HV, etc. . . ) Readout pattern & electronics Phase II: Develop techniques for the construction of large-size detectors (1 m x 2 m) 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 37

The mesh(es) Mesh–readout electrode distance: 128 µm Prototype 1 (P 1) Prototype 2 (P 2) Homogeneous stainless steel mesh Unidirectional stainless steel/plastic mesh 325 lines/inch = 78 µm pitch 200 lines/inch = 127 µm pitch wire diameter: 20– 25 µm wire diameter: 40– 45 µm 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 38

Prototype assembling Al frame on both sides Cathode mounting Assembled chamber M/d/y 27 mars 2008 39 Micromegas : expériences 39

Dark matter search • Look for recoiling nuclei (few 100 ke. V) • Directionality : see the ‘wind of wimps’ : 24 h-modulation of the direction • Many projects, many of them use Micromegas • Negative ion TPC : take an attaching gas (CS 2, CH 3 NO 3), drift negative ions, they are stripped in the amplification region. Very slow drift, but very low diffusion More neutrino physics Neutrinoless double-beta decay in 27 mars 2008 136 Xe Micromegas : expériences 40

CONCLUSION Micromegas est un détecteur très versatile, capable de détecter les particules chargées, les neutrons, les photons, à haut flux, avec une haute résolution (E, t, x), peu de matière, en grandes surfaces, à bas coût, facile à faire fonctionner, robuste, doté de bonnes propriétés de vieillissement, etc… Le matériel pour ces talks vient principalement de: • IEEE/MPGD workshops, San Diego, October 29, 2006 and Honolulu, October 28, 2007, CERN, September 11, 2008 • 3 rd Symposium on Large TPCs for Low Energy Rare Events, Paris, December 11 -12, 2006 • Travaux récents à Aachen, DESY, KEK, CERN, Carleton, Saclay… 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 41

Remerciements • A tous mes collègues à qui j’ai emprunté des transparents ou des plots: I. Giomataris, B. Peyaud, T. Lux, E. Mazzucato, M. Zito, D. Calvet, J. Wotschak, R. de Oliveira, S. Andriamonje, M. Dixit, M. Riallot, A. Delbart, D. Attié, M. Chefdeville, S. Biagi, J. Martoff • Pour les animations : Gilles Barouch, Dan Burke, D. Attié • Questions/remarques: paul. colas@cea. fr Le matériel pour ces talks vient principalement de: • IEEE/MPGD workshops, San Diego, October 29, 2006 and Honolulu, October 28, 2007, CERN, September 11, 2008 • 3 rd Symposium on Large TPCs for Low Energy Rare Events, Paris, December 11 -12, 2006 • Travaux récents à Aachen, DESY, KEK, CERN, Carleton, Saclay… 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 42

Information • RD 51 workshop April 16 -18 in Amsterdam – http: //www. nikhef. nl/pub/conferences/rd 51/ • IEEE/NSS in Dresden October 19 -25 – http: //www. nss-mic. org/2008/NSSMain. asp • Large TPCs for Low Energy Rare Events (Paris, December 18 -19) 27 mars 2008 Micromegas : expériences 43