Information Systems Dr John Sum Institute of Technology

Information Systems Dr. John Sum Institute of Technology Management National Chung Hsing University 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 1

Information & Data n Laudon & Laudon (2006), Management Information Systems, 9 th Ed. Prentice Hall. n Information is a set of data that have been shaped into a form that is meaningful and useful to human beings. n Data is a stream of raw facts representing events occurring in organization (e. g. company, university, hospital, department, person) before they have been organized and arranged into a form that people can understand use. 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 2

Information & Data n Information q q n Mary loves John very much but she also loves David and other 3 gentlemen. Peter is a good manager in business but he is a bad boyfriend. Data q q q Mary, John, Peter, David, good, bad and etc. a, v, D, g, t, 3, etc. Your girlfriend/boyfriend’s mobile phone number. 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 3

Information & Data 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 4

Information and Data n (P. 69 in Laudon & Laudon 2006) An organization is a stable, formal social structure that takes resources from the environment and processes them to produce outputs. n In the microeconomic definition of organizations, capital and labor are transformed by the firm through the production process into products and services. 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 5

Information & Data 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 6

Information & Data n Remarks q q q It is difficult to differentiate ! Raw fact can be itself a piece of information. DON’T pay too much attention trying to identify what is information and what is data. No single definition for information and data. FOCUS: Information = what the organization wants to know about, i. e. relevant information. 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 7

Information & Data n Relevant (useful) information q q Information must be selected in a way that is useful to an organization. Subscribing telecom services n n n q Customer name Gender Residential address Credit card number Personal ID Not relevant to telecom services subscription n n 2012 FALL Name of parents Particulars of your family members Introduction to Computer Science 8

Information & Data q University registration n n q Student name Gender Residential address Personal ID Name of your parents and contact numbers Not relevant to telecom services subscription n n 2012 FALL Credit card number Particulars of your family members Introduction to Computer Science 9

Information & Data n Too much information/data are generated everyday (information overflow) n Not able to collect and process every information and data due to computation power, network bandwidth and memory n What kind of data must be collected is depended on what kind of information that the organization is needed. 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 10

Information & Data n Many other definitions q (Wikipedia) The word data is the plural of datum, meaning a piece of information. Types of data include numbers, words, and images. 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 11

Information Management n Many definitions (interpretation) for information management. q http: //www. google. com/search? hl=en&lr=&oi=defmore&q=defin e: Information+Management+(IM) 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 12

Information Management q q An imprecise term covering the various stages of information processing from production to storage and retrieval to dissemination towards the better working of an organization; information can be from internal and external sources and in any format. The skillful handling of knowledge in order to produce the desired results. 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 13

Information Management q q (Wikipedia) Information management is the handling of knowledge acquired by one or many disparate sources in a way that optimizes access by all who have a share in that knowledge or a right to that knowledge What is your definition ? 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 14

Information Systems n The system that can facilitate information management is an information system. 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 15

Information Systems n K. Laudon and J. Laudon, Management Information Systems, 4 th ed. , Prentice Hall, 1996 Definition: An information system is a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization. 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 16

Information Systems n K. Laudon and J. Laudon, Management Information Systems, 8 th ed. , Prentice Hall, 2004 Definition: An information system is a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making, coordinate, control, analysis, and visualization in an organization. 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 17

Information Systems n K. Laudon and J. Laudon, Management Information Systems, 9 th ed. , Prentice Hall, 2006 Definition: An information system is a set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization. 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 18

Information Systems n B. C. Mc. Nurlin and R. H. Sprague Jr. , Information Systems Management in Practice (7 th ed. ), Prentice Hall, 2006. Definition: The mission of an information system is to improve the performance of people in organizations through the use of information technology. 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 19

Information Systems n Functions and design are inter-depended on q Organizations n n q Technology n n q Company Suppliers Customers Partner Window/Linux Wireless/Wired Management n n n 2012 FALL Business operations Practice, ISO 9000 Western/Eastern culture Introduction to Computer Science 20

Information Systems n Important Note (FYI) q Recall that to have a complete understand of information management, one needs to learn a lot of different knowledge, n n n 2012 FALL business management (#); organization behavior; information technologies (#); management information systems (#) and industrial experience. Introduction to Computer Science 21

Information Systems n Important Note (FYI) q q q Each of them is itself a big area. So it is not likely for a student to learn everything in this introductory course. I can only share with you my industrial experience as much as I can. You need to be known that information management is a big and ever changing topic. So you should be prepared to face these challenges. 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 22

Information Systems INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT FEEDBACK 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 23

Information Systems 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 24

Information Systems n Remark: Information system can be a system without using any IT like Internet, Web or PC. n Technically, information system is simply a system that allows data/information being stored, processed and flowed from one place (person) to another. 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 25

Information Technologies n Definition: Information technologies provide the infrastructure and support to build an information system. Business Operations Information Systems Information Technologies 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 26

2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 27

Information Technologies n Software technologies q q n Including operating systems and DBMS MS Words improves the quality of management reports Window XP controls operation of a computer JDK provides platform for developing web application Hardware technologies q q q Mobile phone support mobile data transfer 802. 11 provides the standard for wireless local area networks USB flash memory provides an alternative way to store information 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 28

Information Technologies n System development q q q n Object-oriented development Component-based development Unified modeling language Other technologies q q q Artificial Intelligence Parallel processing architecture Optimization algorithm 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 29

Information Technologies n n n n Bar code scanner (IO) Overhead project (IO) Camera (IO) Telephone (IO, Com. ) FAX machine (IO, Com. ) Computer (Terminal) Calculator (Calculation) Palm/PDA (IO, DB) 2012 FALL n n n n Mobile phone (Com. ) Optic fibers (Com. ) Virtual private network (Com. ) Internet (Com) Web technology (System) Mobile agent (System) Rational Rose UML (Development) Introduction to Computer Science 30

Information Technologies n Prog. Lang. q q q Assembly C/C++ Java n n n q q n Operating Systems q q q Java. Script Java Servlet/Applet Java Network Programming Visual Basic/VBScript Perl n Database System q q q 2012 FALL MS Window Unix Linux IBM DB 2 MS Access Oracle Sybase My. SQL Introduction to Computer Science 31

Information Technologies n The world is moving. So, many new technologies are coming. q q q n Mobile computing Grid computing P 2 P networks (BT, Gnutella, SKYPE) Chinese computing Biometric Autonomic computing Search IBM. COM for more 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 32

Information Technologies n Mobile Computing q q n A type of computing model in which the computers can be networked together even the computers are moving anywhere. How to connect? How to share resource? Autonomic computing q A type of computing model in which the system is self-healing, self-configured, self-protected and self-managed. 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 33

Information Technologies n Each technology has its own limitation q q q Security problems Programming difficulties Training – programmer or user Version problem – Window 95/98/2000/XP User account support Transparency – Window versus Linux 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 34

Types of Information Systems n By management level (Conventional Approach) q q Transaction processing system (operational) Management information system Decision support system Executive information system (Strategic) 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 35

Types of Information Systems 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 36

Types of Information Systems n By business function q q Financial information system Manufacturing information system Sales and marketing information system Human resource management information system 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 37

Types of Information Systems 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 38

Types of Information Systems 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 39

Types of Information Systems 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 40

Types of Information Systems n Remarks: There a lot more different types of definitions and classifications for information systems. q q n B 2 B versus B 2 C. By Function (Horizontal) versus By Industry (Vertical) By industry q q q Health service administration system Education administration system Car manufacturing 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 41

Changes in Information Management n Factors leading to the changes q q Business environment Management Practice (Business operations) Technologies Disaster 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 42

Changes in Information Management n Business environment q q n Moving towards Asia Globalization Management q q q Total quality management Customer satisfaction Cost-effective 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 43

Changes in Information Management n Technologies q q n Wired to wireless Powerful PC, notebook, mobile phone, PDA Disaster q q q 911 Attack Earthquake Tsunami 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 44

Changes in Information Management n Implications q Change in the information requirement n n q Change in culture and habit of using computer n n q q Hourly data versus daily data Multiple languages Hardcopy document versus web document Fixed line telephone versus Internet phone (Skype) Change in the volume/speed of information flow Change in the cost and profit of a company 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 45

Business Environment 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 46

Business Environment (80’s – 90’s) 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 47

Business Environment (00’s – 10’s) 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 48

Technologies: Internet n 1960 s q q n n 15 nodes 1973 q n ARPANET Project Start http: //som. csudh. edu/cis/ lpress/history/arpamaps/ 1971 q 35 nodes 1977 q 2012 FALL n 1983 q q n 4, 000 nodes ISO OSI model finalized 1983 -90 q q E-mail Telnet, FTP Newsgroup Gopher 111 nodes Introduction to Computer Science 49

Technologies: Internet n 1991 q n q q q Mosaic (NCSA, UIUC) VRML q q 2012 FALL n HTML Netscape Navigator XML Wireless Access Protocol 200 x q q 1996 q 1998 q 1994 q n HTTP 1992 q n n q . Net IP Phone Napster Gnutella P 2 P 802. 11, Wireless LAN 80, 000 domains Secure Electronic Transaction protocol Internet Explorer Introduction to Computer Science 50

Intelligent Agents n Information system is already part of the business operation replacing various human works q q q q Auto-reply Frequent Ask Questions (FAQ) Customer service Product search Bargaining Product recommendation Meta-search e. g. http: //www. profusion. com/ 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 51

Intelligent Agents 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 52

Intelligent Agents 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 53

Intelligent Agents 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 54

Intelligent Agents 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 55

Intelligent Agents 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 56

Scope of Information Systems n In the past (< 80 s), those systems are usually standalone systems, government or big company could own one. n Around 80 s, personal computers are invented. As the price was much cheaper and the size was much smaller, many companies can own a computerized information system. 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 57

Scope of Information Systems n In the 80 s, systems were then networked via the LAN/VPN but the accessibility was still weak. n Since 90 s, systems are not just networked together. They can be accessed anywhere and anytime via the Internet and web server. . 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 58

Scope of Information Systems n After 2000, mobile devices become part of an information system. 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 59

Scope of Information Systems n Since 90 s, the network of systems has been becoming complicated q q n Office -> Branch -> Company + Vendors + Suppliers + Customers + Competitors’ intelligence (secure information) becomes important 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 60

Scope of Information Systems 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 61

Enterprise Information Systems n n n n Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System Supply-Chain Management (SCM) System Customer Relationship Management (CRM) System Procurement, E-marketplace (PEM) Internet Payment System Knowledge Management System Contract Life-cycle Management System Competitive Intelligence System 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 62

Enterprise Information Systems n Customer relationship management (CRM) system q q n Supply chain management (SCM) system q q n Support both B 2 B and B 2 C business environment Support dynamic supply chain Support B 2 B business environment Support dynamic supply chain Procurement and E-Marketplace (PEM) q q 2012 FALL Support both B 2 B and B 2 C business environment Support dynamic pricing and combinatorial auction Introduction to Computer Science 63

Enterprise Information Systems n Workflow management system (Wf. MS) q q n Web-based wizard guiding the operation and management of each business process Emulate business operations and evaluate their performance before deploy Knowledge management system (KMS) q q q 2012 FALL Document management system as the platform On-line system for self learning Aim at upgrading the knowledge of the staff Introduction to Computer Science 64

Enterprise Information Systems n Competitive Intelligence System (CIS) q n Analyze the industrial structure and identify competitive advantage Other systems: e. g. Contract life cycle management system (CLCMS) q q 2012 FALL To manage costs and risks associated with business models that include multiple trading partners. Source: Gartner Press Release May 2002. Example: procurement contract over the supply chain Introduction to Computer Science 65

Enterprise Information Systems 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 66

Enterprise Information Systems 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 67

Enterprise Information Systems n Large scale information system q q Users from different countries Users from different companies n Development and management of such (large) information system will be difficult. n Knowledge of information system, information management, system development and others will be needed for managing such huge information. 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 68

Information Systems Department n Formal organizational unit, normally led by chief information office (CIO) or chief technology officer (CTO) n Work together with other departments to define data and the ways of input, process, store and distribution of data/information n Ensure the operation of the information systems, i. e. make sure that the information within the organization can be accessed 24/7 (ensure the database servers, the network, the web servers and etc work probably all the time and avoid the systems being attacked by hackers) n Other names: IT Department, Computer Center, Management Information Services Department, etc. 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 69

Information Systems Department 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 70

E-Commerce n Virtual storefront: Sells goods, services on-line, e. g. e. Bay, Asian. Net. COM n Information broker: Provide information on products, pricing, etc. n Transaction broker: Buyers view rates, terms from various sources (for definition, check out the following website: http: //www. kansasrealtor. com/publicsite/consumers/i ndex_page 0014. html) 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 71

E-Commerce n Online Marketplace: Concentrates information from several providers, e. g. Commerce One, Asian. Net. COM n Content provider: Creates revenue through providing client for a fee, and advertising, e. g. fortune. com, tw. fate. yahoo. com 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 72

E-Commerce n On-line service provider: Provides service, support for hardware, software products n Virtual community: Chat room, on-line meeting place, e. g. MSN Messenger, ICQ n Portal: Initial point of entry to Web, specialized content, services e. g. pchome. com. tw, yahoo. com 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 73

E-Commerce n Syndicator: Online content provider that aggregates information from several sources sold to other companies, e. g. wisers. com. hk n Auction: Products, prices, change in response to demand. Used in online marketplaces, e. g. e. Bay. com 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 74

E-Commerce n Dynamic pricing: real-time interactions between buyers and sellers determine worth of items, e. g. e. Snipe. COM n Banner ad: Graphic display used for advertising, linked to the advertiser’s Web site 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 75

A Simple Exemplar Information System n Auction system (like e. Bay) q q q Suppliers enter product information, such as a description, quantity for sell and deadline. Buyers browse the product information and place the bids Once the deadline is over, the system n n n q allocate the products to the buyers; calculate the profit to the seller; and send emails to both seller and bidders Only registered users can post product information and bid products 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 76

A Simple Exemplar Information System n Questions q q n What kind of information is needed? What kind of data is needed to be stored, processed and retrieved? Who are the users of the system and how they use the information? What should be the user interface design? Think about them (30 minutes) before you turn to next page 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 77

A Simple Exemplar Information System n Existing auction websites q q q www. ebay. com tw. bid. yahoo. com auctions. amazon. com auctions. yahoo. com www. ubid. com 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 78

A Simple Exemplar Information System 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 79

A Simple Exemplar Information System 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 80

A Simple Exemplar Information System 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 81

A Simple Exemplar Information System 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 82

A Simple Exemplar Information System 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 83

A Simple Exemplar Information System 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 84

Review Questions n What is the role of information systems in today’s competitive business environment? n What exactly is an information system? What do managers need to know about information systems? n How are information systems transforming organizations and management? 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 85

Review Questions n How the Internet and Internet technology transform business? n What are the major management challenges to building and using information systems? n How do Internet technology and information system affect information management practice and efficiency? 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 86

Review Questions n Study the following websites: q q q www. gehealthcare. com/usen/products. htm developers. sun. com/ www-130. ibm. com/developerworks/ www. oracle. com/technology/developer/index. html support. microsoft. com/ n Find out what kind of information is provided by these websites and what are their target readers. n Figure out how do they organize the information for their target readers. 2012 FALL Introduction to Computer Science 87