Stevens Institute of Technology Mechanical Engineering Dept Senior

Stevens Institute of Technology Mechanical Engineering Dept. Senior Design 2005~06 ASME Oral Presentation Competition April 1 st, 2006 Presented By: Lazaro Cosma

Presentation Agenda • • Project Background Project Objective Wave Data Analysis Design Selection Process Final Conceptual Design Detailed Design Description Fabricated Prototype Conclusion 2

Project Background • Importance of Renewable Energy – More environmentally conscious – Unlimited resource • Major Sources of Renewable Energy – Wind – Solar – Wave 3

Renewable Energy Comparison Wave Power Solar Power Wind Power Energy Density and Predictability High Low Availability 90% 20%-30% Potential Sites Virtually Unlimited Limited Very Limited Environmental Issues None Visual Pollution Noise / Visual Pollution Wave Energy has more potential than Wind and Solar Energies combined Wave Energy Densities (MW) 4

Wave Energy Locations • Three locations – Shore – Near shore – Offshore • Offshore has the most potential for harnessing energy 5

Offshore Wave Energy Advantages Disadvantages • Sea waves have high • High structural loading energy densities in extreme weather conditions • Negligible demand on land use • Potential navigation • Ability to secure energy hazard to ships supplies in remote regions • Limited negative environmental impact 6

Major Problems / Concerns • Economic feasibility – Where are the current / future markets • Offshore – Location requiring unit to be self- sustaining – Powering from shore not feasible • Maintenance and installation • Engineering challenges – Harness energy at a cost that is competitive – Efficiency – Utilizing maximum wave motion / height for optimum power potential – Scalability 7

Project Objective • Focus on small scale design versus industrial scale • Develop device that harnesses wave energy to generate electrical power on a buoy – Off-shore location requires buoy to be selfsustaining – Power will be stored in batteries to be drawn from when needed – Power output in the 100’s of Watts range 8

Wave Data Analysis Design Location: Raritan Bay, New York Harbor Data collected from the past 5 years and statistically analyzed for significant wave height and period Wave Height Wave Period Mean Height: 12. 2 inches • 95% C. L. : 3. 94~27. 95 inches Mean Period: 7. 14 sec • 95% C. L. : 3. 1~12. 8 sec *C. L. = Confidence Level 9

Design Selection Process Identify Opportunities Customer Needs Target Values Concept Screening and Scoring Concept Generation State of the Art Review Design Selection Product Architecture / Technical Analysis Final Design 10

Final Conceptual Design Spring-Reel Design • Effectively converts linear motion to rotational motion • Cost effective design • Integrates device with buoy • Modularity of components Gearbox One Way Clutch Spring Reel Flywheel Alternator Storage Batteries 11

Spring Operated Reel Function: Convert linear buoy motion into rotational shaft motion Design Aim: Maximize angular velocity of input shaft • Velocity dependant on reel diameter • Spring must be strong enough to handle large waves, not too strong to suppress small waves Power Springs Output Shaft to Clutch Spring Housing 12

One-Way Clutch & Gearbox One-way Clutch Function: Convert oscillatory motion of reel into unidirectional motion Design Aim: Utilize a one-way clutch bearing that can handle maximum input torque with a desired FOS Gearbox Function: Increase shaft speed for flywheel / alternator system Design Aim: Increase speed by reducing torque to optimize operating RPM for alternator Transmits Torque Freewheels to allow reel to rewind 13

Flywheel & Alternator Flywheel Function: Maintain RPM at alternator Design Aim: Maximize momentum on flywheel, while minimizing required weight • Acts as a mechanical battery by storing kinetic energy Alternator Function: Convert mechanical shaft horsepower to usable electrical power Design Aim: Maximize power output at minimum RPM • Charge batteries stored on platform for later usage 14

Fabricated Prototype 15

Conclusion • Unique design concept – Design integrates maintainability with function – Utilizes rotary motion to capture wave motion – Cost effective design when compared to linear generator designs • Wave Power is a viable source of renewable energy – Important to continually push the technology – Potential Markets are present • Develop innovative solutions to today’s major issues 16

Questions or Comments? A Special Thanks to: My Team Members - Biruk Assefa, Yuki Sato, Josh Ottinger Advisor - Professor Kishore Pochiraju Consultant - Mike Raftery Institute Machine Shop - George Wohlrob 17