FLUOROSCOPY IMAGES IN MOTION FLUOROSCOPY EQUIPMENT PATIENT EXPOSURE

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FLUOROSCOPY IMAGES IN MOTION

FLUOROSCOPY IMAGES IN MOTION

FLUOROSCOPY EQUIPMENT

FLUOROSCOPY EQUIPMENT

PATIENT EXPOSURE • REDUCE DISTANCE OF IMAGE INTESIFIER • INCREASE DISTANCE FROM THE TUBE

PATIENT EXPOSURE • REDUCE DISTANCE OF IMAGE INTESIFIER • INCREASE DISTANCE FROM THE TUBE

SIE of 100 R-cm 2 compared to only 10 R-cm 2 for the lady

SIE of 100 R-cm 2 compared to only 10 R-cm 2 for the lady on the left. Here is a good example of where just knowing the exposure (100 m. R), dose not tell the full story.

Radiation protection was primarily a nongovernmental function until the late 1940 s. After World

Radiation protection was primarily a nongovernmental function until the late 1940 s. After World War II, the development of the atomic bomb and nuclear reactors caused the Federal government to establish policies dealing with human exposure to radiation. In 1959, the Federal Radiation Council was established

GSD p 185 • GENETICALY SIGNIFICANT DOSE • Takes all of the population into

GSD p 185 • GENETICALY SIGNIFICANT DOSE • Takes all of the population into account • Annual AVERAGE gonadal dose to population of childbearing age • 0. 20 m. Sv • rem or rad? ? ? or 20 millirem

RADIATION DOSE TO PATIENTS • ESE - ENTRACE SKIN EXPOSURE (MEASURED BY A TLD)

RADIATION DOSE TO PATIENTS • ESE - ENTRACE SKIN EXPOSURE (MEASURED BY A TLD) • • SKIN DOSE GONADAL DOSE BONE MARROW DOSE (MEAN GLADULAR DOSE- MAMMO) • ** SEE TABLE 1 -5 PG 17 & • 1 -8 PG 18 (carltons)

PEDIATRIC EXPOSURE • MORE SENSITIVE TO RADIATION THAN ADULTS • LIMIT BEAM TIME •

PEDIATRIC EXPOSURE • MORE SENSITIVE TO RADIATION THAN ADULTS • LIMIT BEAM TIME • MAY REMOVE GRID (REDUCE EXPOSURE) • AP VS PA • COLLIMATION & SHIELDING !!!!!!!! • GENDER DIFFERENCES • IMMOBILATION

RADIATION PROTECTION • PG 204 CARLTONS • • AT 90 DEGREE ANGLE TO PRIMARY

RADIATION PROTECTION • PG 204 CARLTONS • • AT 90 DEGREE ANGLE TO PRIMARY BEAM AT 1 METER DISTANCE 1/1000 OF INTENSITY PRIMARY XRAY

ROOM SHIELDING • PRIMARY SHIELD – PRIMARY BEAM DIRECTED AT WALL • 1/16 LEAD

ROOM SHIELDING • PRIMARY SHIELD – PRIMARY BEAM DIRECTED AT WALL • 1/16 LEAD 7 FEET HIGH • SECONDARY – NO PRIMARY BEAM • 1/32 LEAD • CONTROL BOOTH (SECONDARY) • BEAM SCATTERS 2 X BEFORE HITTING • LEAD WINDOW – 1. 5 MM LEAD EQ

LEAKAGE RADIATION • TUBE HOUSING 100 MR / HR @ 1 METER

LEAKAGE RADIATION • TUBE HOUSING 100 MR / HR @ 1 METER

ROOM USAGE • WORKLOAD FACTOR (W) =radiation output x usage mas/week or ma -min/week

ROOM USAGE • WORKLOAD FACTOR (W) =radiation output x usage mas/week or ma -min/week • USE FACTOR (U) BEAM ON TIME • OCCUPANCY FACTOR (T) – used for shielding requirements for a particular barrier

MONITORING • CONTROLLED AREA – USED BY OCCUPATIONALY EXPOSED PERSONNELL (MONITORED) • 100 mrem

MONITORING • CONTROLLED AREA – USED BY OCCUPATIONALY EXPOSED PERSONNELL (MONITORED) • 100 mrem / WEEK • UNCONTROLLED AREA – PUBLIC • 2 mrem per week*

PREGNANT PATIENTS • • • ASCERTAIN LMP - IF FETUS IS EXPOSED PHYSICSTS WILL

PREGNANT PATIENTS • • • ASCERTAIN LMP - IF FETUS IS EXPOSED PHYSICSTS WILL NEED INFORMATION: WHICH XRAY MACHINE USED (MR/MAS) # OF PROJECTIONS (INC REPEATS) TECHNIQUE FOR EACH EXPOSURE SID PATIENT MEASUREMENT AT C/R FLUORO TIME & TECHNIQUE USED PHYSICIST WILL CALCULATE FETAL DOSE

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