Milady Standard Cosmetology Infection Control Principles and Practices

Milady Standard Cosmetology Infection Control: Principles and Practices © 2012 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning

Regulation Federal Agencies • Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) – Regulate and enforce safety and health standards to protect employees in the workplace. • Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) – Useful disposal guidelines, medical, and first aid information. – Manufacturer information on product safety.

Regulation Federal Agencies • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) – Registers all disinfectants sold and used in U. S. – Disinfectants: Products that destroy all bacteria (but not spores), fungi, and viruses on nonporous surfaces. – Hospital disinfectants: Effective for decontaminating nonporous surfaces exposed to blood and body fluids. – Tuberculocidal disinfectants: Proven to kill the bacteria that cause tuberculosis.

Regulation State Regulatory Agencies • Exist to protect salon • Require everyone professionals and to working in a salon or protect consumers’ spa to follow specific health, safety, and procedures. welfare while they • Enforcement through receive salon services. inspections and investigations of consumer complaints is part of an agency’s responsibility.

Regulation Laws and Rules—What Is the Difference? • Laws – Written by both federal and state legislatures that determine the scope of practice. – Also called statutes. • Rules and regulations – More specific than laws. – Written by the regulatory agency or the state board, and they determine how the law must be applied.

Principles of Infection • Infection: Invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens. • Prevention begins and ends with you.

Principles of Infection Control • Infection control: • Disinfection destroys Methods used to most, but not eliminate or reduce necessarily all, the transmission of harmful organisms on infectious organisms. environmental surfaces. • Infectious disease: – Not effective against Caused by pathogenic bacterial spores. (harmful) organisms that enter the body.

Principles of Infection Bacteria • Bacteria: One-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics. – Nonpathogenic: Harmless microorganisms. – Pathogenic: Harmful microorganisms.

Principles of Infection Viruses • Virus: Parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in the cells of a biological organism. – Can live and reproduce only by taking over other cells and becoming part of them. • Human papilloma virus (HPV): Example of a common viral infection often seen in salons; also known as plantar warts.

Principles of Infection Bloodborne Pathogens • Bloodborne • Hepatitis: Bloodborne pathogens: Diseasevirus that causes causing disease and can microorganisms that damage the liver. are carried in the body • Human by blood or body immunodeficiency fluids, such as virus (HIV): Virus that hepatitis and HIV. causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Principles of Infection Fungi • Fungi: Microscopic plant parasites that include molds, mildews, and yeasts. • Tinea barbae: Fungal infection that affects the skin (barber’s itch). • Tinea pedis: Ringworm fungus of the foot.

Principles of Infection Parasites • Parasites: Organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or in another organism (referred to as a host), while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism.

Principles of Infection Immunity • Immunity: Ability of the body to destroy and resist infection. • Natural immunity: Partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living. • Acquired immunity: Immunity the body develops after overcoming a disease, through inoculation, or through exposure to natural allergens, such as pollen, cat dander, and ragweed.

Principles of Prevention • Decontamination: Removal of blood or • Most salons are only other potentially concerned with infectious materials on Decontamination an item’s surface and Method 1. the removal of visible debris or residue such as dust, hair, and skin.

Principles of Prevention Decontamination • Decontamination Method 1: Cleaning and then disinfecting with an appropriate EPA-registered disinfectant. • Decontamination Method 2: Cleaning and then sterilizing. – Sterilization: Process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores.

Principles of Prevention Choosing a Disinfectant • Disinfectants must have efficacy claims on the label. • Efficacy: Ability to produce an effect. • Ideal disinfectant: – Maintain efficacy in presence of bioburden – Requires changing after a longer length of time – – – – Inexpensive Nontoxic, nonirritating Readily available EPA approved Environmentally friendly Have no odor Noncorrosive

Principles of Prevention Proper Use of Disinfectants • Disinfectant tips: – Use only on precleaned, hard, nonporous surfaces. – Wear gloves and safety glasses. – Follow complete immersion guidelines. – Dilute and change products according to instructions.

Principles of Prevention Types of Disinfectants • For salon use: – Quaternary ammonium compounds: Known as quats, usually disinfects implements in ten minutes. – Phenolic disinfectants: Powerful tuberculocidal disinfectants. – Bleach: Household bleach, 5. 25 percent sodium hypochlorite, is an effective disinfectant and has been used extensively as a disinfectant in the salon.

Principles of Prevention Disinfectant Safety • Keep an MSDS on hand. • Wear gloves and safety glasses. • Avoid skin and eye contact. • Add disinfectant to water when diluting. • Keep out of reach of children. • Follow manufacturer’s instructions.

Principles of Prevention Disinfectant Safety • Never let quats, phenols, bleach, or any other disinfectant come in contact with your skin. • Never place any disinfectant or other product in an unmarked container.

Principles of Prevention Disinfect or Dispose? • Multiuse: Also known as reusable items; can be cleaned, disinfected, and used on more than one person even if the item is accidentally exposed to blood or body fluid. • Single-use: Also known as disposable items; cannot be used more than once. – Examples: wooden sticks, cotton balls, sponges, gauze, tissues, paper towels, and some nail files and buffers.

Principles of Prevention Disinfecting Electrical Tools and Equipment • Hair clippers, electrotherapy tools, nail drills, and other electrical equipment have contact points that cannot be immersed in liquid. • Clean and disinfect using an EPAregistered disinfectant designed for use on these devices.

Principles of Prevention Disinfecting Nonelectrical Tools and Implements • State rules require all multiuse tools and implements to be cleaned and disinfected before and after every service—even when used on the same person.

Principles of Prevention Disinfecting Work Surfaces • Before beginning every client service, all work surfaces must be cleaned and disinfected. • Clean and disinfect tables, styling stations, shampoo sinks, chairs, arm rests and any other surface a customer’s skin may have touched.

Principles of Prevention Cleaning Towels, Linens, and Capes • Clean towels, linens, and capes must be used for each client. • Launder according to the directions on the item’s label. • Be sure that towels, linens, and capes are thoroughly dried. • Store soiled linens and towels in covered or closed containers, away from clean linens and towels. • Use disposable neck strips or towels.

Principles of Prevention Disinfecting Foot Spas and Pedicure Equipment • Equipment that • Some state regulatory contains water for agencies allow singlepedicures must be use tub liners in cleaned and pedicure equipment. disinfected after every • Check with your state pedicure, and the agency. information must be entered into a logbook.

Principles of Prevention Soaps and Detergents • Chelating soaps: Also known as chelating detergents; work to break down stubborn films and remove the residue of pedicure products such as scrubs, salts, and masks. • Hard tap water reduces effectiveness of cleaners and disinfectants. • If your area has hard water, ask your distributor for pedicure soaps that are effective in hard water.

Principles of Prevention Additives, Powders, and Tablets/Dispensary • Additives, powders, • Keep the dispensary and tablets cannot be clean and orderly, used instead of EPAwith the contents of all registered liquid containers clearly disinfectant solutions. marked. • Remember: There are • Keep product MSDSs no shortcuts! in a convenient, central location for the employees.

Principles of Prevention Handling Single-Use Supplies/Hand Washing • Throw all single-use • Wash hands items after one use. thoroughly before and after each service. • Anything exposed to blood must be double- • Minimize use of bagged and marked antimicrobial and with a biohazard antibacterial soaps. sticker, separated from other waste, and disposed of according to OSHA standards.

Principles of Prevention Waterless Hand Sanitizers • Antiseptics: Chemical • Antiseptics can germicides formulated contain either alcohol for use on skin and or benzalkonium are registered and chloride, which is less regulated by the Food drying to the skin than and Drug alcohol. Administration (FDA). • Use hand sanitizers only after properly cleaning your hands.

Universal Precautions • Universal Precautions: • Bloodborne Guidelines published pathogens are more by OSHA requiring difficult to kill than employer and germs that live employee to assume outside the body. that all human blood • Clients may be and body fluids are asymptomatic, infectious for showing no symptoms bloodborne pathogens. or signs of infection.

Universal Precautions An Exposure Incident: Contact with Blood or Body Fluid • Exposure incident: Contact with nonintact (broken) skin, blood, body fluid, or other potentially infectious materials that is the result of the performance of an employee’s duties.

Universal Precautions An Exposure Incident 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Stop the service. Put on gloves. Stop the bleeding. Clean the injured area. Bandage the cut. Clean and disinfect the work station. 7. Discard single-use contaminated objects by double bagging. 8. Make sure multiuse items are cleaned/disinfected before removing gloves. 9. Remove gloves and seal them in the double bag with other contaminated items for disposal. 10. Recommend the client see a physician if redness, swelling, pain, or irritation develop.

Professional Salon Image • Keep floors and workstations dust-free. • Control dust, hair, and other debris. • Keep trash in a covered waste receptacle. • Clean fans, ventilation systems, and humidifiers at least once each week. • Keep all work areas well -lit. • Clean and disinfect restroom surfaces. • Do not use the salon for cooking or living purposes. • Never place food in refrigerator used to store salon products. • Prohibit eating, drinking, and smoking where services are performed or product mixing occurs.

Professional Salon Image • Never place implements in mouth or pockets. • Properly clean and disinfect all multiuse tools before reusing. • Clean and disinfect all work surfaces after every client. • Properly wash hands before and after each service. • Professional responsibilities: – Follow state and federal laws and rules. – Keep your license current and notify the licensing agency if you move or change your name. – Check your state’s Web site weekly for any changes or updates to rules and regulations.