Chapter 19 Molecules and Compounds Section 19 1

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Chapter 19 Molecules and Compounds Section 19. 1 Bonding and Molecules – Part 2

Chapter 19 Molecules and Compounds Section 19. 1 Bonding and Molecules – Part 2

Types of Chemical Bonds Recall that atoms gain, lose, or share e to gain

Types of Chemical Bonds Recall that atoms gain, lose, or share e to gain 8 valence e. so that they become stable.

Ionic Bonds - formed when atoms gain or lose electrons. Ex: Na has 1

Ionic Bonds - formed when atoms gain or lose electrons. Ex: Na has 1 valence = e

When Na loses that electron, its 2 nd E. L. becomes full and stable

When Na loses that electron, its 2 nd E. L. becomes full and stable with 8 e. sodium atom sodium ion Atoms with an electrical charge are called ions.

Chlorine has 7 valence electrons. If Cl gains 1 electron, its valence shell will

Chlorine has 7 valence electrons. If Cl gains 1 electron, its valence shell will be full and stable. chlorine atom chlorine ion

Opposites attract, so… Are these two ions likely to bond?

Opposites attract, so… Are these two ions likely to bond?

Covalent Bonds Most atoms share electrons to gain an octet. Covalent bonds are formed

Covalent Bonds Most atoms share electrons to gain an octet. Covalent bonds are formed when e are shared.

Covalent Bonds, cont. Covalent bonds can form between 2 different types of atoms or

Covalent Bonds, cont. Covalent bonds can form between 2 different types of atoms or between 2 or more atoms of the same type.

Diatomic molecules: – covalently bonded atoms of the same type. Exs: H 2 Cl

Diatomic molecules: – covalently bonded atoms of the same type. Exs: H 2 Cl 2 F 2 I 2 O 2 Br 2 N 2

How can you tell whether a bond is ionic or covalent? In GENERAL: Ionic

How can you tell whether a bond is ionic or covalent? In GENERAL: Ionic – metal / nonmetal Covalent – 2 nonmetals

Electronegativity e Sometimes are shared unequally in covalent bonds. Electronegativity – attraction atom has

Electronegativity e Sometimes are shared unequally in covalent bonds. Electronegativity – attraction atom has for shared pair of e.

Electronegativity Elements in Group 17 have highest electronegativity. Elements in Groups 1 and 2

Electronegativity Elements in Group 17 have highest electronegativity. Elements in Groups 1 and 2 have lowest electronegativity.

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